A group of chronic CNS disorders characterized by recurrent seizures.

Seizures are symptoms of an abnormality in the nerve centers of the brain. They are briefs periods of abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Brain dysfunction resulting from abnormal discharge of neuronal cells with associated motor, sensory or behavioral changes. DRUG USED FOR PARKINSONS DISEASEdr. Agung Wiwiek Indrayani, M.Kes Department of PharmacologyUdayana University

Slide 6: Impulse flowExplain the normal direction of the flow of information (electrical and chemical). An electrical impulse (the action potential) travels down the axon toward the terminal. Point to the terminal. The terminal makes a connection with the dendrite of neighboring neuron, where it passes on chemical information. The area of connection is called the synapse. While the synapse between a terminal and a dendrite (shown here) is quite typical, other types of synapses exist as well--for example a synapse can occur between a terminal and a soma or axon.

PARKINSONS DISEASEA progresive neurologic disorder caused by deterioration of dopamine-producing cells in the portion of the brain responsible for maintenance of posture and muscle tone and the regulation of smooth musclesThe goal of treatment is to restore dopamineneurotransmitter function as close to normal as possible and relieve symptoms caused by excessive acetylcholine

ANTIPARKINSON DRUGS

Therapy must be individualized, but selegiline therapy is often started first to slow the development of symptomsAs selegiline become less effective, levodopa is started with or without selegiline

Dopamine agonists (amantadine, bromocriptine,pergolide,Ropinirole,pramipexole) used to directly stimulate dopaminereceptorsEntacapone may added to levodopa therapy to reduce the metabolism of levodopa, prolonging its action Anticholinergic agents may be added at any time to reduce the Effects of the excessive acetylcholine