Internet of Things, Contextual Computing and Rise of iBeacons

Janusz ChudzynskiiTenWired SummitPensacola Beach,

October 2 2014

Outline

● Internet of Things● iBeacons● Project

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Internet of things or IoT is a network of connected computing devices. Complexity of devices varies from simple sensors, to advanced computing devices with UI and high processing capabilities.

iOT Market TodaySmart thermostats (Nest)Connected Cars (10 000) -> predicted to grow to 10 mln in 2017Connected TVs (30% U.S. households have connected TVs)Wearable Activity trackers (Predicted to be 22% market of IoT)Home automationRetail (iBeacons)

IoT Components

People

Sensors

Input/Output

Processing &

Analytics

Connectivity and Communication

Bluetooth (radio transmissions )WiFi (radio transmissions )NFC & RFID (electromagnetic radio fields)Powerline/PowercordGSM&CDMA (Cellular)QR-Code

Scale of IoT

20141.4 billions mobile device 1.5 billion computers

20208 billions connected devices20 - 700 billion IoT devices!Source: Rethinking the Internet of Things

IP4 vs IP6

IPv4 uses a 32-bit address scheme allowing for a total of 2^32 addresses (just over 4 billion addresses).

IPv6 uses a 128-bit address scheme, which allows a total of 2^128 addresses.

IssuesReliabilityIoT is not always right.Sensors can produce false-positives, run of battery or just simply fail.Developers should design system that does most of the work in the background but prompts user for his final input. “instead of having the lights go on when you walk into the house (and thereby waking up your cousin sleeping on the couch) have the system gently turn on the floor lights so you can navigate in the dark but a voice system waits for you to say ‘lights’ before actually turning on the main lights.”Complexity:Complex machine learning algorithms, data miningData over flooding:Sensors can produce massive amounts of data, that needs to be processed and stored Security & Privacy A lot of IoT devices have capability to carry sensitive private data.

Developers

Android IoT

Android Wear - it is a version of Android designed for wearable devices.Android Auto - extends Android platform into the car. Android TV

Windows IoTWindows Developer Program for IoT.https://dev.windows.com/en-us/featured/Windows-Developer-Program-for-IoT

Can be installed on Windows hardware called Galeio.

iOS 8 IoT FeaturesContinuitylet users reply to standard SMSes from their Macs and iPads as long as the iPhone is nearby.Handoff: Let’s you switch between devices without losing work. For example it let’s you start writing email on on iPhone and continue on Mac. Answer calls using Mac, or iPad. HealthKit - central repository for health related data. Connects to wearable health devices .HomeKit- HomeKit is a framework in iOS 8 for communicating with and controlling connected accessories in a user’s home. You can enable users to discover HomeKit accessories in their home and configure them, or you can create actions to control those devices.

iBeacons

iBeaconiBeacon is a name of technology that is enabling new location awareness possibilities for apps.timation of proximity to a beacon [1] .

Leveraging Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), a device with iBeacon technology can be used to establish a region around an object. This allows an iOS device to determine when it has entered or left the region, along with an es

user-iBeacon-data

1

2 3

1. User enters the beacon’s region

2. App recognizes it and starts

approximating it’s distance from/to

the beacon

3. app identifies iBeacon, it’s

proximity and displays data

related to it

iBeacon Technology Components

Hardware● iBeacons● Mobile Devices/Desktop Computers

Software● Customer facing Mobile App● iBeacon Management App● Database and/or Web Application

iBeacon Technology Components

iBeacons - transmit advertisementMobile devices/desktop computers - serve as iBeacons transmitters and/or BLE receiverCustomer facing app: approximates the distance to the beacons,communicates with web services, displays iBeacon related dataDatabase/Web Application used to store the data and provide analytics.iBeacon Management app - used to manipulate characteristics of the beacon, advertisement rate, advertisement data. Used to monitor battery life of the iBeacon.

Supported HardwareAny device capable of connecting with BLE is capable of interacting with the iBeaconsApple:● iPad Mini or later● iPhone 4s or later● iPod Touch 4th generation or later● iPad 3rd generation or later● Mac Book Air, Mac Book Pro, Mac Pro with BLE

Android● Google Nexus 4,5,7,10● Samsung Galaxy

iBeacon is in almost 200 Million devices !

iBeacon Use CasesRetailContextualized deals:based on time, location, clientMonitoring Shopping Behaviorstoring and analyzing data about customer’s behaviorIndoor MappingEducationContextual learning can be used in libraries, art museums, scavenger hunts, student orientationHealthcareIdentifying location of patient, doctor. Home AutomationDetecting user’s locationSocial/DatingDetecting users with the same preferences nearby HospitalityAutomated check in

Proximity and range

Apple Identifies four different proximities defined as CLProximity enumeration type

enum CLProximity : Int {case Unknowncase Immediatecase Nearcase Far

}Unknown - Location unknown, out of rangeImmediate - immediate vicinity most likely right next to the beacon (few inches)Near - relatively close to beacon (few meters)Far - relatively close to beacon (more than 10 meters)Standard beacons have an approximate range of 70 meters. Long range beacons can reach up to 450 meters.

iBeacon Advertisement

Each iBeacon device transmits advertisement with the following fields, that help to identify location of the beacon:

Field Size Description

UUID 16 bytes Most generic, can be used for iBeacons

used by app

Major 2 bytes Specifies iBeacon subregion

Minor 2 bytes Further subdivision

Store

Location

Pensacola Chicago

UUID D9B9EC1F-3925-43D0-80A9-1E39D4CEA95C

Major 1 2

Minor-

Patients

1 - 100000 1-100000

Minor

Equipment

100000-200000 100000-200000

Little bit of programmingTo interact with the iBeacons in the iOS world you have to: ● ask user for permission to use location services● register iBeacon regions that you would like to monitor● start monitoring● respond to delegate methods that will notify you when

the user enter or left the region

You can dowload my iBeacon manager from Github:https://github.com/appzzman/OpenSource/

Little Bit of Programming

//Register regions and start monitoring for themCLBeaconRegion *beaconRegion = [[CLBeaconRegion alloc]initWithProximityUUID:@"B9407F30-F5F8-466E-AFF9-25556B57FE6D"major:1 minor:2 identifier:@"beacon id"];

beaconRegion.notifyOnEntry=YES;beaconRegion.notifyOnExit=YES;beaconRegion.notifyEntryStateOnDisplay=YES;

[self.locationManager startMonitoringForRegion:beaconRegion];

//Delegate Methods:- (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didDetermineState:(CLRegionState)state forRegion:(CLRegion *)region{}//get’s called when user entered the region- (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didEnterRegion:(CLRegion *)region{

if([region isKindOfClass:[CLBeaconRegion class]]){[self.locationManager startRangingBeaconsInRegion:(CLBeaconRegion *) region];}}//gets called when the system determines proximity to the beacons -(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didRangeBeacons:(NSArray *)beacons inRegion:(CLBeaconRegion *)region{}//get’s called when user left the region-(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didExitRegion:(CLRegion *)region{}

Where to get the iBeacon Hardware ?

● Estimote● Gimbail● Kontakt.ioand...Apple! Each device with BLE can serve as a iBeacon

Project

ProjectGoal: improving quality of patient care

Monitoring:● walking paths● time of patient’s care visit● nurse & patient location

System Components

System ComponentsComponent Description Functionality

Front-End Website Website that users use to manage content associated with learning stations, and also display information for potential customers or users

Managing Content and InteractionsMarketingAnalytics

Management App Manages iBeacons, monitors battery life. Most of iBeacon producers have free software to manage their beacons.

Beacon management and maintenance

Customer Facing Mobile App

Caregiver mobile app that interacts with iBeacons, sends data about events to the web application. Displays patients information.It is used to identify caregiver, patient and medication.

sends data about events to web applicationinteracts with iBeaconsdisplay patient’s informationdisplays warningsservers as a barcode reader

Nurse barcode At the beginning of the sim visit nurse authenticates herself by scanning the barcode. She/he needs to authenticate herself again before administration of the medicine.

For self identification and authentication

Patients barcodes For patient identification. Need to be scanned with bar code reader in the app. Patient identification

Medication barcode For medication identification. Needs to be scanned by caregiver Medicine identification

iBeacons Mini Bluetooth LE devices that are used by mobile app to determine proximity to different objects, and time the events

Proximity and timestamps

Tracking Activity

Breakroom

Patient 1

Hand Dispenser

Room 2

Time Spent

Sta

tio

n

Challenges

● Choosing feature set without overwhelming users

● Figuring out permission matrix● Dealing with unreliable data and signals● Which data do you want to gather?● Backend

FAQ1. What’s the leading IoT platform?

Android?1. When was developed the first IoT device?

In 1832 when Baron Schilling in Russia created an electromagnetic telegraph1999 - IoT was used as a name of the presentation

1. What’s the role of IPv6 in IoT ?2011: IPV6 public launch - The new protocol allows for 2128 (approximately 340 undecillionor

340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456) we could assign an IPV6 address to every atom on the surface of the

earth, and still have enough addresses left to do another 100+ earths.”

4. Issues?

privacy concerns, security, costs, standards, regulations,

5. What’s the profit of IoT 2014: 180 + Billion in revenue comparing to $1 trillion in 2020

6. What’s the main usage of iBeacon? Retail

7. Differences between NFC (no power source) and BLE (must have a power source) Active NFC can communicate with

Passive NFC devices. Active RFID are very similar to iBeacons

References and resources1. https://developer.apple.com/ibeacon/Getting-Started-with-iBeacon.pdf2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth_low_energy3. http://developer.apple.com4. http://www.cdc.gov/handhygiene/Guidelines.html5. http://www.healthit.gov/policy-researchers-implementers/safer/guide/sg0066. http://www.forbes.com/sites/anthonykosner/2013/12/15/the-internet-of-ithings-apples-

ibeacon-is-already-in-almost-200-million-iphones-and-ipads/7. http://www.slideshare.net/TheMarketingDistillery/iot-presentation8. http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic9. http://venturebeat.com/2014/06/11/the-6-challenges-of-building-an-ibeacon-app/10. http://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/blog/atlantech/2014/09/at-t-says-it-plans-to-serve-10-

million-connected.html11. http://postscapes.com/internet-of-things-resources/12. http://electronicdesign.com/embedded/understanding-protocols-behind-internet-things