ILC Cambodia October22
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Transcript of ILC Cambodia October22
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ILCs Work on CommercialPressures on Land (CPL) Issue
New challenges and increasing
Pressures on customary land rights
In Southeast Asia
Phnom Penh
Cambodia
18-22 October 2009
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What is the international landcoalition (ILC)
It is composed of about 80 CSOs, IGOswhose commitment is to the eradication ofrural poverty through the promotion ofsecure and equitable access to land.
Its members work with the rural poor toincrease their secure access to naturalresources, especially land, and allow themto participate directly in the policy anddecision making processes that could affectthem.
established by the 1995 Conference on
Hunger and Poverty. Initially known as thePopular Coalition to Eradicate Hunger and
Poverty. Became the International LandCoalition in 2003
Secretariat hosted by IFAD in Rome
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CSO members in Asia
Pakistan (SCOPE)
Philippines (PAFID, AR-NOW,
TFM, CARRD, ANGOC) Bangladesh (ARBAN, ALRD)
India (SARRA, SDF, BJSA,JKS, Ekta Parishad, SDDPA)
Cambodia (STARKampuchea, CCC)
Indonesia (KPA, RMI, JKPP)
Nepal (CSRC, MODE, CDS)
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How ILC works
ADVOCACY - Raising the profile
of land governance issues
KNOWLEDGE MGMT -
Advancing a common
understanding of
land issues
POLICY DIALOGUE - Ensuring
space for CSO
CAPACITY BUILDING
PARTNERSHIPS JOINT
ACTION
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What are Commercial Pressures on Land
Commercial pressures, land grab,
Agri-colonialism, agri-investments
- Words vary according to the positions
of those who use them
Taking control of large amounts of land
and manifestations of interest in the purchase
or long-term rental of land
Large size of acquisitions over 100,000 has
in many cases
Low level of public consultation a lack of
transparency
Increasing involvement of GOs in land
negotiations
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What is driving CPL?
Markets for certain goods and services:
Agrofuels
Staple foods
Forest resources (timber/ntfp and environmental services)
Tourism
Mining and energy resources
Urbanization
Control of water and its disribution
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Some myths about Commercial Pressures on Land
Abundant unused land is available foragricultural investments
Virtually no large scale land allocations cantake place without displacing the local
populations.
100 land deals -Although a body ofverified data on investment-related landtransactions in particular countries isgrowing, the true extent of the phenomenaremains unknown.
Transnational investment in land is anew phenomenon
Although the current phenomenon hasspecific characteristics, large-scaletransnational investment in land is not new.
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Foreign investors are the primary land grabbers
Land acquisitions by domestic investors appear to be a significantcontributor to the alienation of land from local land users, whiledomestic partners are also often integral to foreign investments
Transnational investment in land is brought about byfood price crisis, and will decline with the financial crisis
Long-term predictions of trends in demand for food, fuel, fibre andenvironmental services indicate that while there might be short-termfluctuations in investor demand for land, commercial pressures on landwill continue to increase over the long-term.
Land is the main resource of investor interest
Allocations of land for investment ,may legitimise extraction of otherrenewable and non-renewable natural resources whose significantvalue may not be taken into account in investment agreements.
Myths about Commercial Pressures on Land
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Legalallocation of
customary
rights
(Tanzania,
Mozambique)
Illegal
Grabs
(Sudan)
Legal allocation
of state land
ignoring
customary rights
(Ethiopia, Niger,
Madagascar)
Legal transferof customary
land by elite
(Cambodia,
Pakistan)
Illegal
removals
through
intimidation
(Colombia,
Uruguay)
Concentration
of private
lands (Peru,Colombia,
Argentina,
Ukraine)
Legal
expropriationor forced
leasing of land
(Philippines,
India,
Indonesia)
Investors are involved in land grabbingLand grabbing is misleading in characterising the wide variety ofways in which investors are acquiring land, many of which do notexplicitly violate policies and laws.
Customarily-held land Privately-held land
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On going researches on CPL supported byILC in Asia
An impact analysis of Special Economic Zones(SEZ) with specific reference to Polepally SEZ,Andhra Pradesh, India
focus of the study: Look at the impact of theSEZs. The SEZ Act of 2005 aims generate additionaleconomic activity and promotion of investment fromdomestic and foreign sources. Over 1240 acres of
land has been acquired from 350 families inPolepally, a majority of who belong to Dalit Bahujancommunities. The Dalits and farmers were paid a thesum of Rs 18,000 Rs50,000 per acre.
Expansion of oil palm plantations and itsimpact on the local people of Kalimantan,Indonesia
focus of the study: Look at the impact of largescale palm oil plantations in Kalimantan on theDayaks and other indigenous peoplesTo describe thestruggles of the indigenous peoples in Kalimantancurrently respond to the Kalimantan Border Oil PalmMega-Project and other oil palm plantation projectsaffecting indigenous peoples in Kalimantan
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On going researches on CPL supportedby ILC in Asia
Documenting case study on Corporate Farming
in Pakistanfocus of the study: To understand the dynamics ofcorporate agriculture farming (CAF) and commercialpressure on land (CPL) in Pakistan. It will alsodetermine the impact of CF on the lives of landless
farmers and inform stakeholders about theconsequences of CAF and CPL. It also aims to initiatedialogue process among the civil society in thecountry.
COMMERCIAL PRESSURE ON AGRICULTURE LANDIN KATHMANDU VALLEY OF NEPAL
focus of the study: to document and analyse thecurrent trends in commercial pressures on land, aswell as their existing and anticipated impacts onenvironment, societies and development objectives inurban area in general and particularly in Kathmanduvalley of Nepal. It will also examine and question the'opportunities' that commercial pressures on land
could possibly offer to poor land-users.
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On going researches on CPL supportedby ILC in Asia
Research on global land grabbing in thePhilippines: Mapping of actual and potential areasaffected and assessment of its impact at the nationaland community levels for the formulation ofcorrective policy proposals and a draft bill.
Focus of the study: Documentation of existingapplications, contracts, memorandum of agreements, andother agreements of foreign agribusiness investors withthe Philippine government or local private landowners thatwould allow the leasing of large tracts of agricultural landsfor the production of agri-fuels and food crops for exportto the said investors countries of origin. Will determinethe actual and potential areas to be affected by saidventures. One to two sites shall then be chosen formonitoring and evaluation of the impact of said venturesat the community level. An analysis of the potential
impact of the said ventures on the national economy andfood security shall also be undertaken.
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Similar ILC studies in Africa being conducted in:
Benin
Rwanda
Ethiopia
Burkina Faso
Nigeria
ILC will publish a global report
in early 2010.Findings will be presented at a
Farmers Forum sponsoredby IFAD in February 2010.
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Way forward: What to do? FAOs Voluntary Guidance on
responsible governance of tenureof land and other naturalresources
A binding International code of
conduct?
Full consultation with affectedcommunities and the public
Dissemination of best practices
Use of other strategies otherthan purchase of land (forexample. Contract farming,improved food marketinformation systems).
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International code of conduct:
considerations
Possible role of civil society
Widespread acknowledgement thatcivil society involvement - especially
producer organisations is crucial
Ensuring focus on neglected areas (eg
women land access and human rights
To what extent would formulation of an
international framework be expert led
or participatory?
Watchdog role
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International code of conduct:
considerations
Possible role of IGOs
Setting standards and norms
Catalyzing process
Providing support to host
governments for good
decision-making
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International code of conduct:
considerations
Enforceability:
Will it attract adequate
adherence and support of all
key stakeholders, including
investors, home and host
governments and civil
society?