G & D ppt

8/3/2019 G & D ppt

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/g-d-ppt 1/77

STAGES OF

GROWTH

AND

DEVELOPMENT

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


NORMAL

INFANT

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


ONE MONTH BIOLOGICAL MOTOR SENSORY

Weight:

4.4 +/- 0.8 kg. Gains above 680

gms a month or

150 to 210 gms a

week.

Gross motor:

Lies in flexed position.When prone, pelvis is

elevated but knees

are not beneath

abdomen as they

were after birth.

Head lags when baby

pulled from a supine

to a sitting position.

Head sags forwardwhen baby is held in

sitting position.

Startled by sounds

(Moro reflex) Attentive to the

speech of others.

Indefinite stare at

surroundings.

Fixates on objects

brought in front of

eyes. Notices faces

especially and

bright objects, butonly if they are in

the line of vision.

Protective blinking

in response tobright light.

Length:

Approximately 53

+/-

2.5 cms.

Increases about 2.5cms a month

during first 6

months.

Pulse: 130 +/- 20 bpm.

8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Respirations:

35 +/- 10 bpm.

May lift periodically

when held overadult’s shoulder or

placed in prone

position.

Cervical curve begins

to develop as infant

learns to hold head

erect.

Turns head to the side

when prone. Makes crawling

movements when

prone on flat surface.

Follows a bright

object to themidline of vision if

6 to 8 inches from

eyes.

Blood pressure:

80/50

+/- 20/10 mm Hg.

Reflexes: Primitive reflexes

govern

movements.

Has well developed

sucking, rooting,swallowing and

extrusion reflexes.

Moro reflex and

asymmetric tonicneck reflex is seen.

8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Dance and doll’s

eye reflexes fading.

Pushes with the feet

against hard surfaceto move forward.

Physiologic

immaturity.

Breathes through

nose.

Fine motor:

Holds hand in tight

fists.

Can grasp an object

placed in hand but

drops it immediately.

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


TWO MONTHS BIOLOGICAL MOTOR SENSORY

Posterior fontanel

closed at 6-8 weeks of age.

Gross motor:

Less fixed proneposition; arms

flexed, hips flat, legs

extended, head in

midposition or side.

No head droop when

suspended in prone

position.

Less head lag when

pulled from a supineto sitting position.

Lifts head almost a

45 degrees above a

flat surface whenlying prone.

Turns head to the

side when asound occurs at

ear level.

When on back

follows a dangling

object or a

moving light

beyond the

midline of vision.

Beginningbinocular fixation

and convergence

to objects nearby.

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


TWO MONTHS

BIOLOGICAL MOTOR SENSORY

Holds head erect in

midposition when

held upright.

Turns from side to

back.

Fine motor:

Hands may be open.

Holds a rattle brieflywhen placed in

hand.

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


THREE MONTHS BIOLOGICAL MOTOR SENSORY

Weight:

5.7 +/- 0.8 kg

Gross motor:

Symmetric posture of head and body.

Very slight head lag

when pulled from

supine to sitting

position.

Sits, back rounded,

knees flexed when

supported in sitting

position. Raises chest, usually

supported on

forearms, when in

prone position.

Turns head and

looks in samedirection to locate

sound.

When on back

turns eyes to a

dangling object or

a moving light to

marginal field of

vision (180

degree).

Length:

60 +/- 2 cms.

Pulse:

130 +/- 20 bpm

Respirations:

35 +/- 10 bpm.

Blood pressure:

80/50+/-

20/10 mm Hg.

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


THREE MONTHS BIOLOGICAL MOTOR SENSORY

Holds head erect and

steady.

Binocular

coordination(vertical and

horizontal vision)

when an object is

moved from right

to left and up and

down in front of

face.

Regards toy

dangled in midlineof chest promptly.

Reflexes:

Grasping reflex

absent.

Landau reflex

appears; an infant

suspended in

horizontal prone

position with the

head flexedagainst the chest

reflexly draws the

legs up against the

abdomen.

Fine motor:

Hands open or close

loosely.

Holds hands in front

of face and stares at

them.

Holds object put in

hand with active

grasp. Carries object or hand

to mouth at will.

Reaches for bright

objects but missesthem.

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


THREE MONTHS


Loses interest inobjects that are

suddenly removed

from the

perceptual vision.

Blinks at objects

that threaten the

eyes.

Beginning ability to

coordinate varioussensory stimuli.

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


FOUR MONTHS BIOLOGICAL MOTOR SENSORY

Drools between 3

and 4 months of age, indicating

increased

production of

saliva; unable to

swallow it

therefore, it runs

from mouth.

Gross motor:

Symmetric bodypostures predominant.

Sits with adequate

support. Enjoys being

propped up.

Holds head erect and

steady when placed in

sitting position.

Lifts head and

shoulders at a 90degree angle when on

abdomen and looks

around.

Follows moving

objects well witheyes. Even the

most difficult types

of eye movements

are present.

Fairly good

binocular vision.

Looks briefly for

the toy that

disappears. Accommodation

begins to develop.

Can accommodate

to nearby objects.

8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Attempts to roll or

actually rolls over fromfront to back.

Sustains small portion

of own weight when

held in standing

position.

Activates arms at sight

of preferred toy.

Can focus on small

objects. Stares atrattle placed in

hand and takes it

to mouth.

Recognizes familiar

objects, such as

feeding bottle and

toys.

Beginning hand-

eye coordination. Comforts self by

sucking thumb or

pacifier.

Reflexes:

Tonic neck, Moro,sucking and

rooting reflexes

absent; extrusion

reflex fading.

Fine motor:

Holds handpredominantly open.

Brings hand together in

midline. Plays with

fingers.

8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Grasps objects held

near hand. Cannot pickit up when dropped.

Grasps objects with

both hands.

Attempts to reach

objects with hands but

overshoots them.

Objects are carried to

mouth.

Thumb apposition ingrasping occurs

between third and

fourth months.

Fingers and clutches

clothing.

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


FIVE MONTHS

BIOLOGICAL MOTOR SENSORY Weight:

At least twice thebirth weight.

Gross motor:

Sits with slightsupport.

Balances head well

when sitting.

Holds back well whenpulled to a sitting

position.

Pushes whole chest

off a flat surface when

prone.

Rolls from back to

front.

Localizes sounds

made below theear.

Looks after a

dropped object.

Inspects objectsvisually for a

lengthening period

of time.

Can fixate on

objects more than

3 feet away.

Visual acuity,

20/200.

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


FIVE MONTHS

BIOLOGICAL MOTOR SENSORY Sustains more of own

weight when held instanding position.

Pulls feet up to mouth

from supine.

Physical growth

slowing down.

Fine motor:

Uses thumb in partial

apposition to fingers

more skilfully.

Tries to obtain objectsbeyond reach.

Grasps objects

independently of

direct stimulation of the palm of the hand.

Can breathe through

mouth when nose is

obstructed.

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


FIVE MONTHS

BIOLOGICAL MOTOR SENSORY Grasps object with

whole hand, eitherright or left.

Holds one object while

looking at another.

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


SIX MONTHS BIOLOGICAL MOTOR SENSORY

Weight:

7.4 +/- 1 kg. Gains about 340

gms a month or 90

to 150 gms a week

during second six

months.

Gross motor:

Sits alone briefly if placed in a favourable

leaning position on

hard surface. Holds

arm out.

Back is straight when

sitting in high chair.

Pulls to a sitting

position.

Springs up and downwhen sitting.

Lifts chest and upper

abdomen when prone,

putting the weight onthe arms and hands.

Localizes sounds

made above theear.

Retrieves the

dropped object

that can be seen

and reached.

Moves in order to

see an object. Length:

65.5 +/- 3 cms

Gains about 1.25

cms a month

during second 6

months.

8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Head circumference:

43 cms. Increases about

0.5 cm per month

in second 6

months.

Turns completely over,

with rest periodsduring the turn. Infant

must be protected

from falling.

Sustains most all of

own weight when held

in standing position.

Hitches-moves

backward when in a

sitting position byusing the arms and

hands.

SIX ON HS

8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Pulse:

120 +/- 20 bpm.

Fine motor:

Grasps withsimultaneous flexion

of fingers; begins to

use fingers to feed self

a cracker.

Retains transient hold

on two objects, one in

each hand.

Drops one object when

another is offered. Begins to transfer

objects from one hand

to the other.

Respirations:

31 +/- 9 bpm.

Blood pressure:

90/60+/-

28/10 mm Hg.

Teething:

Two lower central

incisors erupt.

Begins to bite and

chew.

SIX MONTHS

8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Manipulates small

objects. Begins to bang objects

that are held.

Holds own bottle but

may prefer for it to be

held.

SEVEN MONTHS

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


SEVEN MONTHS BIOLOGICAL MOTOR SENSORY

Reflexes:

Sucking androoting reflexes

disappear at 7 to 8

months when

asleep.

Gross motor:

Sits alone on hardsurface, leaning

forward on hands.

Lifts head as if trying

to sit up when supine.

Control of trunk is

more advanced.

Rolls more easily from

back to abdomen.

Sustains all of weighton feet when held in

standing position.

Head turns in a

curving arch tolocalize sounds.

Depth perception

beginning to

develop.

Fixates on very

small objects and

details.

Discrimination

between simplegeometric forms

begins to develop.

Has preference in

taste for foods.

SEVEN MONTHS

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


SEVEN MONTHS


Parachute reflex

appears between7 to 9 months. An

infant suspended

in a horizontal

prone positionand lowered

suddenly will

extend the hands

forward to provide

protection fromfalling. This reflex

continues

indefinitely.

SEVEN MONTHS

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


SEVEN MONTHS BIOLOGICAL MOTOR SENSORY

Teething:

Upper centralincisors erupt.

Lower lateral

incisors erupt.

Fine motor:

Holds two toys atonce.

Approaches a toy and

grasps it with one

hand.

Transfers a toy fromone hand to the other.

Imitates simple acts of

others.

Bangs objects that areheld.

Uses a raking motion

to try to obtain small

objects.

Holds cup.

Ultimate colour of

iris is established.

EIGHT MONTHS

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


EIGHT MONTHS BIOLOGICAL MOTOR SENSORY

Beginning of a pattern

in bowel and bladderelimination.

Gross motor:

Sits alone steadily.

Pulls self to standing

position with help.

Hand-eye

coordination is

perfected so thatrandom reaching and

grasping no longer

occur.

Recognizes

familiar wordsand sounds.

Fine motor: Holds two objects

while looking at

third.

EIGHT MONTHS

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


EIGHT MONTHS BIOLOGICAL MOTOR SENSORY

Persistently reaches for

objects beyond range of grasp.

Releases objects from

hands voluntarily.

Complete thumb

apposition.

Pincer grasp begins to

develop, using the fingers

against the lower portion of

the thumb. Eats finger foods, such as

crackers, that can be held in

one hand.

Drinks from cup withassistance.

NINE MONTHS

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


NINE MONTHS BIOLOGICAL MOTOR SENSORY

Reflexes:

Plantar graspabsent.

Gross motor:

Raises to a sittingposition alone with

good coordination.

Sits steadily for longer

period of time.

Recovers balance

when leaning forward,

but not sideways.

Crawls instead of

hitching. Then starts creeping.

Beginning to pull self

to standing position

alone while holding on

to the furniture.

Head turns directly

to source of sound. Increased depth

perception.

Recognizes by

looking or moving

toward familiar

object when

named.

Able to follow

objects throughtransition from one

place to another.

NINE MONTHS

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


NINE MONTHS


Teething:

Upper lateralincisors erupt.

Fine motor:

Bangs two objectstogether.

Pokes objectives with

fingers.

Uses thumb and indexfinger in early finger

grasp

Has preference for the

use of one dominant

hand Holds own bottle with

good hand-mouth

coordination.

Head turns directly

to source of sound. Increased depth

perception.

Recognizes by

looking or movingtoward familiar

object when

named.

Able to follow

objects throughtransition from one

place to another.

NINE MONTHS

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


NINE MONTHS BIOLOGICAL MOTOR SENSORY

Puts nipple in and

withdraws it frommouth at will.

Drinks from cup with

some spilling.

Attempts to use a

spoon but spillscontents.

TEN MONTHS

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


TEN MONTHS BIOLOGICAL MOTOR SENSORY

Macula is well

developed so that finevisual discriminations

can be made.

Gross motor:

Moves from prone tositting position.

May sit by falling

down from standing

position.

Sits steadily for

indefinite period of

time. Does not want

to lie down unless

sleepy. Creeps well.

Pulls to standing

position well, holding

on to crib rail or

other support.

Marked interest

in very smallobjects.

Searches for a

lost toy with

greater

persistence.

TEN MONTHS

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


TEN MONTHS


Cruises well. Walks sideways

by holding on to a supportiveobject with both hands.

Makes stepping movements

forward when two hands are

held.

Fine motor:

Picks small objects with indexfinger and thumb.

Releases an object after

holding it.

Brings the hands together.

ELEVEN MONTHS

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


ELEVEN MONTHS BIOLOGICAL MOTOR SENSORY

None Gross motor:

Stands erect with minimalsupport and lifts one foot

to take a step.

Cruises well.

Tilts head

backward to seeupward.

Fine motor:

Explores toys and otherobjects more carefully.

Removes covers from

boxes.

Takes toys out of box orcup.

Puts toy inside box or cup

but may not let go yet.

Beginning to hold a crayon

and make a mark on paper.

TWELVE MONTHS

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


TWELVE MONTHS BIOLOGICAL MOTOR SENSORY

Weight:

10 +/- 1.5 kg

Has tripled birth

weight.

Gross motor:

Stands alone forvariable length of time.

Sits down from

standing position

alone.

Walks in few steps

with help or alone.

Improves competence

in motor skills through

practice.

Listens for recurring

sounds. Fully binocular

vision well

established.

Amblyopia may

develop with lack

of binocularity.

Follows fast-

moving object with

eyes. Discriminates

simple geometric

forms: squares,

circles.

Length:

74.5 cms +/- 3

cms.

Length has

increased by

almost 50% from

birth. Fine motor:

Good pincer grasp.

Picks up small bits of

food and transfers

them to mouth.

TWELVE MONTHS

8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Head circumference:

46 cms.

Increased by one

third since birth.

Brain weight has

increased rapidly

since birth, resulting

in significant

developmental

achievements.

Head and chest areequal in

circumference.

Anterior fontanel

closes between 12

and 18 months.

Enjoys eating with

fingers. Attempts to put a small

pellet into a narrow-

necked bottle but does

not succeed.

Releases one or more

objects inside another

object or container.

Attempts to put one

block over the other butdo not succeed.

Turns pages in a book

but usually not one at a

time.

Visual acuity:

20/100 to20/50

TWELVE MONTHS

8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Pulse:

115 +/- 20 bpm.

Drinks from a cup and

eats from a spoon butstill requires some

help.

Holds a crayon

adaptively to make a

stroke or a mark on a

piece of paper.

Respirations:

30 +/- 10 bpm.

Blood pressure:

96/66

+/-

30/24 mm Hg.

Reflexes:

Babinski reflex

disappears. Landau reflex disappears

between 12 to 24 months.

Teething:

Has 6 to 8 deciduous

teeth.

TWELVE MONTHS

8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Lumbar curve and the

compensating dorsal curvedevelops as walking

continues.

Physiologic stability achieved

and maintained during first

year.

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


FIFTEEN MONTHS

8/3/2019 G & D ppt


FIFTEEN MONTHS BIOLOGIC MOTOR & SELF-CARE SENSORY

Legs appear

bowed.

Gross motor:

Assumes standing positionwithout help.

Walks without support at

13 months, wide-based

gait.

Loses balance while

walking around corners or

stopping suddenly.

Kneels without support.

Creeps up stairs. Throws small objects

repeatedly and picks them

up again, but may fall.

Cannot throw ball without

falling.

Sound localization

indicated by headmovement in all

planes.

Binocular vision

fully developed.

Looks at pictures

intently for

prolonged period

of time.

Can identifygeometric forms

and place round

object into its

appropriate place

or hole.

FIFTEEN MONTHS

8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Fine motor:

Builds a tower of 2-3 cubes.

Open boxes.

Pokes finger in hole.

Scribbles spontaneously.

Makes line with crayon.

Pats pictures in books and begins toturn pages.

Insert pellet in narrow-necked bottle.

Self-care:

Feeding skills:

May give up bottle.

Holds a cup with all fingers grasped

about it, is apt to tip the cup rather

than head, causing some spilling.

FIFTEEN MONTHS

http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/407662/large/F0033486-Toddler_eating-SPL.jpg



8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Grasps a spoon and inserts it into a

dish. Cannot fill the spoon well; spoonis likely to turn upside down before

reaching mouth. Assist child by feeding

with a second spoon.

Enjoys finger feeding.

Leaves dish on tray when fed.

Dressing skills:

Sticks out arm and leg to help in

dressing. Removes socks.

Toileting and grooming skills:

Indicates when diaper is wet or soiled.

EIGHTEEN MONTHS (1 5 YRS)
































8/3/2019 G & D ppt


EIGHTEEN MONTHS (1.5 YRS) BIOLOGIC MOTOR & SELF-CARE SENSORY

Anterior

fontanel

closed

Abdomen

protrudes.

Physiologic

anorexia dueto decreased

growth.

Has

sphinctercontrol.

Gross motor:

Walks with somewhat wide stance,

but increasingly more like adult

gait. Seldom falls.

Walks sideways and backward.

Walks upstairs with one hand held.

Runs stiffly, often falls. Moves quickly from place to place.

Jumping attempted using both feet.

May fall in initial attempts as body

is propelled forward. Seats self in small chair.

Climbs on furniture.

Gets into everything: explores

drawers, closets and wastebaskets.

Pulls and pushes toys.

Can see

better thus

has intense

interest in

pictures.

Identifies

variousshapes.

Convergence

well

established. Some depth

perception.








































































8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Pushes light furniture around room.

Throws ball overhand withoutfailing.

Fine motor:

Builds tower of 3-4 cubes.

Scribbles vigorously. Imitates a vertical stroke with

crayon.

Turns pages in a book-2 or 3 at a

time. Dumps pellet from bottle.

Puts block into hole.

Transfers objects hand to hand at

will.





































8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Self-care:

Feeding skills:

Holds cup with both hands. Hands it

to caregiver, puts it down or drops

it on the floor.

Finger feed proficiently. Eats with spoon; turns spoon in

mouth. Spills frequently.

May play with food.

Negativism and high activity levelmay interfere with eating.

Dressing skills:

Removes simple garments and

unzips garments.
































8/3/2019 G & D ppt




May complain when wet or soiled

or give indication of need to toilet.

Increased readiness for bowel and

bladder control.

Possibly early control of bowel

movements. May smear faeces.

24 MONTHS ( 2 YRS )
























8/3/2019 G & D ppt


( )

BIOLOGIC MOTOR & SELF-CARE SENSORY

Weight:

Approximately

11.8 – 12.7 kg. Has gained 1.8

to 2.7 kg

during second

year.

Gross motor:

More grown up, steady gait.

Can walk with heel-toe gait. Walks backward well in

imitation.

Runs more quickly in more

controlled way; has fewer falls. Walks up and down stairs,

both feet on one step at a

time, holding on to a railing or

wall.

Jumps crudely with both feetin place.

Kicks large ball without falling.

Picks up objects from floor

without losing balance.

Visual acuity

20/40.

Accommodationwell developed.

Inserts square

objects in its

appropriateplace or hole.

May develop

esotropia

(strabismus).

24 MONTHS ( 2 YRS )
































































8/3/2019 G & D ppt


( )


Height:

Approximately

82.5 to 85 cms. Has gained 10 to

12.5 cms in

second year.

Adult height istwice height at 2

years of age.

Fine motor:

Builds a tower of 6-7 cubes.

Makes cubes into a train, onebehind the other.

Scribbles in more controlled

way than at 18 months.

Imitates a circular stroke. Imitates a horizontal stroke.

Turns pages of books one at a

time.

Opens doors by turning the

door knob, may run away. Unscrews lid of the jar.

Folds paper once imitatively.

Is proud of accomplishment of

motor skills.

24 MONTHS ( 2 YRS )



















































8/3/2019 G & D ppt


( )


Chest circumference:

Exceeds head

circumference. Anterior posterior

diameter less than

lateral diameter.

Self-care:

Feeding skills: Drinks well from a small

glass held in one hand.

Puts spoon in mouth

occasionally with onehand, but without turning

it. Spills moderately.

Plays with food.

Can use straw.

Imitates eating habits of others.

May request certain

foods.

Head circumference: 49 to 50 cms.

Pulse:

110 +/- 20 bpm

(average 100 bpm. Respirations:

26 – 28 bpm.

Blood pressure:

99/64 +/- 26/24

mm Hg.

24 MONTHS ( 2 YRS )




























































8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Reflex:

Landau reflex

completelydisappear.

Dressing skills:

Pulls on own simple

garments- coats, elastic pants(with help over hips), shoes

(laces untied).

Removes most of own

clothing.


Verbalizes toilet needs.

Usually bowel-trained with

occasional accidents. Usually urinates when taken

to toilet.

Toilet-trained in daytime

generally.

Dentition:

Approximately 16

temporary teeth.

Physiologic

functioning, with the

exception of

reproductive andendocrine, is mature.

Abdomen protrudes

less than at 18

months.

24 MONTHS ( 2 YRS )



















































8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Probably ready for

beginning daytime

control of bowel andbladder.

May still smear stool.

May brush teeth with help.

Attempts to wash self in tubor shower.

30 MONTHS






















8/3/2019 G & D ppt


30 MONTHS BIOLOGIC MOTOR & SELF-CARE SENSORY

Weight:

Gains about 5 kgbetween 1 and 3

yrs.

Birth weight

quadrupled by

2.5 yrs.

Gross motor:

Stands on one footalone momentarily.

Walks on tiptoe for few

steps upon request.

Walks up and down

stairs, one foot on onestep, alternating feet.

Jumps well in place with

both feet off floor.

Jumps from step or lowchair.

Can throw a large ball

overhand 4 to 5 feet.

Rides a walker or pedal

car.

Visual acuity:

20/30. Convergence

smooth.

Recalls visual

images.

30 MONTHS























































8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Height:

Grows about 6-8cms during third

year.

Fine motor:

Builds tower of 8 cubes. Adds chimney to train of

cubes.

Makes vertical and

horizontal strokes but

may or may not jointhem to make a cross.

Imitates circular strokes-

forms closed figure.

Holds crayon withfingers instead of entire

hand.

Good hand finger

coordination; moves

fingers.

30 MONTHS








































8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Dentition:

Full set of 20temporary teeth.

Self-care:

Feeding skills:

Self-feeding with

occasional spilling.

Pours from pitcher;

often spills. Gets a drink without

assistance.

Distinguishes between

finger and spoon food. Chews with mouth

closed.

Uses fork, but it is held

in fist.

Daytime bowel and

bladder control

possiblyestablished.

30 MONTHS








































8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Dressing skills:

Puts arm through large armhole.

Buttons one large front button.

Unbuttons large front buttons.

Helps put things away.

Toileting and grooming skills: Usually has mastered daytime bladder

control.

Beginning night-time bladder control.

Accidents common.

May go to toilet by self (for bowel

movements, 26 months; for urination, 30

months. Needs assistance while wiping.

Adequate attempt to wash hands.

Partially dries hands, upon reminder.


































8/3/2019 G & D ppt


3 YEARS



8/3/2019 G & D ppt


3 YEARS BIOLOGIC MOTOR & SELF-CARE SENSORY

Weight:

Approximately12.5 – 16.5 kg.

Has gained 2.27

kg during third

year.

Gross motor:

Walks a straight line. Walks backward.

Walks on tiptoes.

Runs without looking at

feet.

Catches ball withextended arms.

Kicks a ball.

Jumps from a height of

several inches. Rides tricycle using

pedals; turns wide

corners.

Visual acuity

20/20.

3 YEARS

















































8/3/2019 G & D ppt


3 YEARS BIOLOGIC MOTOR & SELF-CARE SENSORY

Height:

Approximately

90.5 – 101.5 cms.

Gained 8 cms. in

third year.

Fine motor:

Builds a tower of 9 – 10

blocks.

Copies a circle.

Uses blunt scissors with

one hand to cut.

Shows preference forhandedness.

Puts beads on string.

Can help with simple

household tasks.

3 YEARS









































8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Pulse:

105 +/- 15 (avg.95) bpm

Self-care:

Dressing skills:

Can put on coat without

assistance.

Can undress self in most

instances.

Toileting and grooming

skills:

Can pull pants up anddown.

Can go to toilet alone.

Brushes teeth with help.

Respirations:

25 +/- 5 bpm.

Blood pressure: 100 +/- 24

67 + 25 mm Hg.

4 YEARS











































8/3/2019 G & D ppt


BIOLOGIC MOTOR & SELF-CARE SENSORY Weight:

Approximately

13.5 – 19.5 kg.

Has gained 2.27

kg during the

fourth year.

Gross motor:

Runs on tiptoes.

Balances on one foot 3 – 5

seconds.

Jumps from greater

heights.

Pedals a tricycle quickly;turns sharp corners.

Catches ball with

extended arms and with

hands. Hops on preferred foot.

Climbs ladders, trees and

playground equipment.

Alternates feet when

descending stairs.

Visual acuity

20/20

4 YEARS





















































8/3/2019 G & D ppt


BIOLOGIC MOTOR & SELF-CARE SENSORY Height:

Approximately 95

– 109 cms.

Has increased 8

cms in fourth

year.

Has doubledbirth length.

Fine motor:

Copies a square.

Draws a simple face.

Cuts around pictures with

scissors.

Pulse:

100 +/- 10 bpm

(avg. 92)

Self-care:

Feeding skills: Manages spoon with little

spilling.

Eats with fork held in

fingers.

Respirations:

24 +/- 4 bpm.

Blood pressure:

100/66 +/- 20.

4 YEARS






















































8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Usually dry at night. Dressing skills:

Buttons side buttons,small buttons.

Can put on socks with

help.

Puts on shoes (not laces)

without help. Knows back from front of

clothes.

Toileting and grooming skills: May bathe self, with

assistance.

Washes and dries hands

without supervision.

5 YEARS


































8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Approximately

15.4 – 21.4 kg.

Has gained 2.27

during the fifth.

Gross motor:

Skips, alternate feet.

Jumps rope and jumps over

objects.

Walks a balance beam.

Imitates dance steps if taught.

Catches a ball smoothly withhands.

Balances on one foot 8-10 seconds.

Roller skates.

Visual

acuity

20/20.

Height: Approximately

103 – 115 cms.

Gained 8 cms in

fifth year.

Fine motor: Copies a triangle.

Crosses vertical lines.

Copies letters; may be able to print

own name.

Draws a three-part man.

5 YEARS

































































8/3/2019 G & D ppt


BIOLOGIC MOTOR & SELF-CARE SENSORY Pulse:

95 +/- 15 (avg. 90)

bpm.

Self-care:

Feeding skills:

Selects fork over spoon when

appropriate.

Dressing skills: May be able to lace shoes.

Manages zippers in back.

Toileting and grooming skills: Wipes self independently.

Flushes toilet after each use.

Bathes self.

Combs hair with help.

Can blow nose when asked.

Respirations:

22 +/- 3 bpm.

Blood pressure: 100/60 +/- 14/10

mm Hg.

Head size:

Adult size nearlyachieved.

Anticipates

immediate toilet

needs






















































8/3/2019 G & D ppt


6-8 YEARS



8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Approximately

17.5-25.5 kg.

Gains 3.8 kg

yearly.

Gross motor:

Rides bicycle without

training wheels.

Runs, jumps, climbs, hops.

Constantly in motion.

Clumsy and awkward.

Coordination improving.

Visual acuity

20/20

Height:

Approximately

110-124 cms.

Gains 1.13 cmsyearly.

Fine motor:

Knows right from left

hand.

Draws a person with 12-16parts.

Prints words; learns

cursive writing.

Has improved eye- hand

coordination.

6-8 YEARS


























































8/3/2019 G & D ppt


BIOLOGIC MOTOR & SELF-CARE SENSORY Pulse:

90 +/- 15 bpm.

Self-care:

Feeding skills:

At 6 yrs, likes to eat with

fingers, stuffs food into

mouth, talkative while

eating. More interested ineating at the beginning of

the meal.

At 7 yrs, improved table

manners, less talkative,may bolt food.

Respirations:

21 +/- 3 bpm.

Blood pressure:

100/60 +/- 16/10

mm Hg. Dentition:

Starts to lose

temporary teeth;

acquires firstpermanent

molars, medial

and lateral

incisors.

6-8 YEARS















































8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Tires easily. Grooming and dressing skills:

Self-care managed; has atendency to dawdle in

bathtub.

Needs to be reminded to

wash hands. May need some help with

dressing.

Wears whatever is selected

by parents.

Leaves clothes where theyare removed.

Can brush and comb hair.

8-10 YEARS

































8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Approximately

22-32 kg.

Gains 3.8 kg

yearly.

Gross motor:

Performs tricks on bicycles;

races.

Begins to participate in

organized sports.

Throws a ball skilfully,

overhand and underhand.

Visual acuity

20/20

Height:

Approximately

121.5-136.5

cms. Gains 1.13 cms

yearly.

Fine motor:

Uses both hands

independently.

Draws a person with 18-20parts.

Has increased smoothness and

speed in fine motor control.

Prints fluently, cursive writing

improved.

8-10 YEARS
























































8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Pulse:

85 +/- 10 bpm.

Self-care:

Feeding skills:

Handles eating utensils

skilfully.

Dressing and grooming skills:

Dresses self completely; enjoys

selecting own clothes.

Unaware of dirty clothes.

Needs to be reminded to brush

teeth.

Respirations:

20 +/- 3 bpm.

Blood pressure: 102/60

+/-

16/10 mm Hg

10-12 YEARS






































8/3/2019 G & D ppt



10 years:

Approximately

25.5-39.5 kg.

Gains 3.8 kg

yearly.

12 years:

Boys: 30-48 kg.

Girls: 30-50 kg.

Gross motor:

Enjoys all physical

activities.

Visual acuity 20/20.

10-12 YEARS































8/3/2019 G & D ppt


BIOLOGIC MOTOR & SELF-CARE SENSORY Height:

10 years:

Approximately 131.5-

147.5 cms.

12 years:

Boys: 142-158 cms. Girls: 144-160 cms.

Fine motor:

Coordination continues

to improve.

Pulse:

10 years: 90 +/- 20 bpm.

12 years:

Boys: 90 +/- 20 bpm.

Girls: 85 +/- 20 bpm.

Self-care:

Feeding skills: Criticizes table manners

of parents.

10-12 YEARS








































8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Respirations:

19 +/- 3 bpm.

Dressing and grooming

skills: May wear some clothes

continually.

Leaves clothes where

they fall. Enjoys wearing current

style of clothes.

Needs constant

reminding of personal

hygiene. Bathes frequently-

prefers showers (12 yrs).

Blood pressure:

10 years: 109/58 +/-

16/10 mm Hg.

12 years: 113/59 +/-18/10 mm Hg.

Dentition:

Acquires cuspids, firstand second premolars.

Secondary sex characters

may begin to develop.














































8/3/2019 G & D ppt


EARLY ADOLESCENCE 12-13 YEARS



8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Male:

Approximately 38-60

kg.

Female:

Approximately 40-60

kg.

Clumsiness occurs due

to rapid physical

growth.

Motor function

comparable to adult.

Eye-hand coordination

at adult level. Possesses manual

dexterity.

Visual acuity

20/20.

Height:

Male:

Approximately 154-

172 cms.Female:

Approximately 153-

167 cms.

Pulse:

65 +/- 8 bpm.

EARLY ADOLESCENCE 12-13 YEARS



















































8/3/2019 G & D ppt


BIOLOGIC MOTOR & SELF-

CARE

SENSORY

Respirations: 19 +/- 3 bpm.

Blood pressure:

Male: 114/68 +/- 10/14 mm Hg.

Female: 112/66 +/- 10/12 mmHg.

Dentition:

Eruption of second molars.

Secondary sex characters develop. Individual differences in rate of

physical growth and development

of pubescent children of same

chronologic age.

MIDDLE ADOLESCENCE- 14-16 YEARS
































8/3/2019 G & D ppt


BIOLOGIC MOTOR & SELF-

CARE

SENSORY

Weight:Male:

Approximately 50-60 kg.

Female:

Approximately 42-64 kg.

Motor functionscomparable to that

of adult.

Eye-hand

coordination at adult

level. Possesses manual

dexterity.

Visualacuity:

20/20.

Height:Male:

Approximately 164-180 cms.

Female:

Approximately 155-169 cms.

Pulse:

Male:

63 +/- 8 bpm.

Female:

66 + - 8 b m.

MIDDLE ADOLESCENCE- 14-16 YEARS



















































8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Respirations:

17 +/- 3 bpm.

Blood pressure:

Male:

116/70 +/- 12/14 mm

Hg.

Female: 114/70 +/- 14/12 mm

Hg.

LATE ADOLESCENCE-17-21 YEARS


























8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Male:

Approximately 56-80

kg.

Female:

Approximately 48-72

kg.

Motor functions

comparable to that of

adult.

Eye-hand coordination at

adult level.

Possesses manual

dexterity.

Visual

acuity:

20/20.

Height:

Male:

Approximately 163-

182 cms.Female:

Approximately 156-

170 cms.

Pulse:

70 +/- 10 bpm.

LATE ADOLESCENCE-17-21 YEARS

















































8/3/2019 G & D ppt



Respirations:

17 +/- 3 bpm.

Blood pressure: 126/74 +/- 26/16 mm

Hg.

Dentition:

Eruption of third molars

(wisdom teeth).




















G & D ppt

Documents

Transcript of G & D ppt