ABB SACE

CIRCUIT BREAKER SELECTIONCIRCUIT BREAKER SELECTION

ELECTRICAL PLANT DIMENSIONINGELECTRICAL PLANT DIMENSIONING

ABB SACE

Generalities

As to be able to protect LV/MV transformers LV side, we must mainly take into account:

•rated current of the protected transformer, LV side, from which the rated current of the CB and the setting depend (In);

•the max estimated short circuit current in the installation point which defines the minimal breaking power of the protection circuit breaker (Isc).

Protection of transformers

ABB SACE

MT-BT switchboard with one single transformer

Sn

In

Isc

U20

Protection of transformers

ABB SACE

The rated current of the transformers LV side is defined by the following expression

whereSn = rated power of the transformer [kVA]U20 = rated secondary voltage (no load) of the transformer [V]

ln = rated current of the transformer, LV side [A]

In = Sn x 103

3 x U20

Protection of transformers

ABB SACE

The full voltage three-phase short circuit current immediately after the LV side of the transformer can be expressed by the following relation once we suppose infinite power at the primary:

whereUcc %= short circuit voltage of the transformer [%]

ln = rated current, LV side, [A]

lsc = three-phase rated short circuit current, LV side, [A]

Isc =In x 100

Ucc %

Protection of transformers

ABB SACE

The short circuit current is normally lesser than the preceding deduced values if the CB is installed at a certain distance by means of a cable or bar connection, according to the connection impedance.

Protection of transformers

ABB SACE

Choice of the circuit breaker

The following table shows some possible choices within the SACE Emax ACB range according to the characteristics of the CB to protect.

AttentionThose indications are valid at the conditions that we declare in the table; different conditions will lead us to repeat calculations and modify the choices.

Protection of transformers

ABB SACE

Sn [kVA] 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150

Ucc (1) % 4 4 5 5 5 6,25 6,25 6,25 6,25

In (2) [A] 722 909 1154 1443 1804 2309 2887 3608 4547

Isc (2) [kA] 18 22.7 23.1 28.9 36.1 37 46.2 57.7 72.7

SACE Emax E1B08 E1B12 E1B12 E2B16 E2B20 E3B25 E3B32  E4S40 E6H50

(1) For values of the percent short circuit voltage U’cc% different from the Ucc% values as per table, the rated three-phase short circuit current I’cn becomes:

(2) The calculated values refer to a U20 voltage of 400 V. for different U’20 values, do multiply In and Isc the following k times:

I’sc =Ucc %

U’cc %Isc

U’20 [V] 220 380 400 415 440 480 500 660 690

k 1.82 1.05 1 0.96 0.91 0.83 0.8 0.606 0.580

Protection of transformers

ABB SACE

Protection of lines

The choice of the circuit breakers for switching and protection of the lines means the perfect knowledge of:•rated operating line current lB

•max admissable cable current lZ

•presumed short circuit current in the point of installation of the circuit breaker Icc

ABB SACE

The correct circuit breaker must be apt to satisfy the following conditions:•it must own short circuit breaking power (lcu or eventually lcs) greater or equal to the short circuit current lcc•it must use a protection release so that its overload setting current ln (l1) satisfies the relation lB < ln < lZ

•the let through energy (l2t) that flows through the circuit breaker must be lesser or equal to the maximal one allowed by the cable (K²S²)

Protection of lines

ABB SACE

As far as the verification required by the IEC 364 standard, according to which the overload protection must have an intervention current lf that assures the operation for a value lesser than 1,45 lz (lf < 1,45 lz), we must state that it is always verified for SACE CBs since those are IEC 60947-2 standard compliant and the value is less than 1,3 ln.

Protection of lines

ABB SACE

Primary and secondary distributionSelective protection

A

B

C

ABB SACE

The example emphasizes the need of co-ordination of the intervention between the two A and B circuit breakers so that, in case of fault in C, only the B circuit breaker trips, thus leaving complete continuity to the rest of the plant supplied by the circuit breaker A.

Primary and secondary distribution

ABB SACE

Selectivity might be total or partial:•total selectivity: only the circuit breaker B trips for every current value lesser or equal to the max short circuit current foreseen in C;•partial selectivity: the circuit breaker B opens only according to fault current lower than a certain value; values that are equal or greater than this will give the intervention of the two A and B circuit breakers

Primary and secondary distribution

ABB SACE

Amperometric selectivity is obtained by setting on different values the instantaneous tripping currents of the circuit breakers’ chain (greater values for upstream circuit breakers)

Primary and secondary distribution

ABB SACE

AB

ImB ImA

Primary and secondary distribution

ImA is the selectivity limit !

ABB SACE

Chronometric selectivity is obtained by introducing intentionally always greater delays in the intervention tripping timings of the upstream circuit breakers in the chain.

Primary and secondary distribution

ABB SACE

B A

t

Primary and secondary distribution

Total selectivity

ABB SACE

Switchboard A

Switchboard B

400V

400V

2500 kVA(fault current 57,5 kA)

E2N20 MS (disconnector)

E4S40 with PR112

E2N20 with PR111

T5H 630with PR222

Primary and secondary distribution

ABB SACE

Primary and secondary distribution

ABB SACE

ABB SACE

ABB SACE

Back-up protection

A

B

C

Primary and secondary distribution

ABB SACE

In the figure, the circuit breaker B, downwards in respect with A, might have a short circuit breaking capacity lesser than the presumed short circuit current in case of fault in C if the circuit breaker A satisfies at all the two following conditions:•it own correct short circuit power (greater or equal to the presumed short circuit current in its installation point and obviously greater than the short circuit current in C)•in case of fault in C with short circuit values greater than the short circuit breaking capacity of circuit breaker B, the circuit breaker A must limit the let through energy by tapering it to a correct value than can be stood by the circuit breaker B and by the protected lines

Primary and secondary distribution

ABB SACE

The back-up protection is to be used in electric plants where operation continuity is not a main need: that is the tripping of an upstream circuit breaker will include in the black-out also those parts of the plant that are not interested in the faulty current. This co-ordination solution is used by those who need to contain the plant costs by reducing the general performance in case of fault.

Primary and secondary distribution

ABB SACE

Co-ordination table for back-up protection

Upstream circuit breaker Short circuit breaking capacity

E2L - E3L 130 [kA] (@ 380/415 V)

Downstream circuit breaker Breaker capacity onback-upped loads

T4N 65 [kA]

T4S - T5N - E1B - E2B 85 [kA]

T4H - T5S - T5H - S7H - E2N 100 [kA]

Primary and secondary distribution

ABB SACE

100 kA !!!

T4L 250

T1N 160 T1N 160 T1N 160

Back up protection application example

* T1N 160 is 36 kA only mccb

ABB SACE

ABB SACE

S6L 800

100 kA

T4L 250 T4L 250 T4L 250

Solution for selectivity

ABB SACE

Selectivity Table

ABB SACE