Umts Dimension Ing

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UMTS Dimensioning – A Practical Guide

Version 1.0



CONTNTS1. Executive Summary......................................................8

2. Generic Study of WCDMA Linkbudet!....................................1"

2.1 #ur$o!e............................................................1"

2.2 %raffic Scenario!..................................................1"

2.& #rocedure..........................................................11

2.' (e!u)t!............................................................1*

&. (eu!abi)ity of Site!..................................................&1

&.1 #ur$o!e............................................................&1

&.2 A)orit+m for e!timation of reu!abi)ity of a $articu)ar GSM,!ite for

bot+ GSM and -M%S......................................................&1

&.& E!timation of t+e number of reu!eab)e !ite! in tota)...............&'

&.' #roce!! for determinin t+e amount of reu!eab)e !ite!..............&'. /m$act of %raffic Di!tribution on re0uired !$ectrum ..................&*

'.1 #ur$o!e............................................................&*

'.2 A)orit+m..........................................................&*

'.& %raffic and u!er di!tribution!.....................................&

'.' et3ork dimen!ionin 3it+ etDim...................................'1

'. Exam$)e............................................................'2

. et3ork Dimen!ionin Exerci!e ........................................'

.1 #ur$o!e............................................................'

.2 4a!ic /n$ut........................................................'

.& Mode),Ca)ibration 5 Dimen!ionin of t+e exi!tin GSM 18"",net3ork. .'*

.' WCDMA dimen!ionin 5 4a!e Ca!e.....................................'

. WCDMA dimen!ionin 5 Genera) Ca!e..................................&.6 Conc)u!ion!........................................................*

6. Co!t Driver! for (adio acce!! net3ork in -M%S.........................**

6.1 De!cri$tion of Co!t Driver!........................................**

6.2 7uantification of Co!t Driver!.....................................8

*. %erm! and abbreviation!...............................................&

Generation of mobi)e u!ae for &G,!y!tem!...............................'

Derivation of bu!y +our traffic fiure! from mont+)y traffic fiure!. .'

#o!!ib)e a$$)ication! and u!ae $attern!..............................'

etDim,Ca)cu)ation $rocedure! and formu)a!..............................8

vervie3..............................................................8

(e0uired !ina) $o3er................................................1""

Link budet..........................................................1"1 Ca)cu)ation $rocedure in etDim......................................1"&

Ca)cu)ation of ce)) !i9e! durin net3ork dimen!ionin..................1"

%+e okia Smart (adio Conce$t :S(C;....................................111

-$)ink and do3n)ink !ub!criber den!itie! for t+e con!idered 4S,

confiuration! .........................................................11&

Standard Confiuration...............................................11&

Standard Confiuration 3it+ Ma!t,<ead Am$)ifier!.....................11

Six,Sector !ite!.....................................................11*

S(C in -$)ink........................................................12"

S(C= Smart (adio Conce$t............................................122

(educed ba!e !tation $o3er :W 4S;...................................12

Six,Sector Site! 3it+ Ma!t,<ead Am$)ifier!...........................12* S(C in -$)ink 3it+ Ma!t,<ead Am$)ifier!..............................12

S(C 3it+ Ma!t,<ead Am$)ifier!........................................1&2

(educed 4a!e Station #o3er :W; and Ma!t,<ead Am$)ifier!.............1&



!"GU#S>iure 1? /ncrea!e in ca$acity for different confiuration! com$ared to t+e!tandard confiuration in urban area......................................

>iure 2? Linkbudet for &8'kbit@!.......................................1'

>iure &? (e)ation of DL and -L Load for different traffic !cenario!.....1*

>iure '? (e)ation bet3een -L Load and Sub!criber den!ity................18

>iure ? Load re)ation of )o!!e!........................................1

>iure 6? %y$ica) $at+)o!! curve! for -L and DL..........................2"

>iure *? -L and DL #at+)o!! for different traffic !cenario!. 4S $o3er i! !et

to 2"W...................................................................21

>iure 8? /m$act of different 4S #o3er va)ue! on )inkbudet= medium a!ymmetry

!cenario.................................................................21

>iure ? Cro!!over $oint for different 4S $o3er va)ue!..................22

>iure 1"? /m$act of different -L im$rovement va)ue! on )inkbudet= mediuma!ymmetry !cenario= 2"W 4S...............................................2&

>iure 11? (e)ation of -L and DL )oad for different ort+oona)ity va)ue!=

medium a!ymmetry !cenario= 2"W 4S out$ut $o3er...........................2'

>iure 12? /m$act of ort+oona)ity on t+e )inkbudet= medium a!ymmetry

!cenario.................................................................2

>iure 1&? Cro!!over $oint for different ort+oona)ity va)ue!= 2"W 4S $o3er2

>iure 1'? Cro!!over $oint for different ort+oona)ity va)ue!= W 4S $o3er26

>iure 1? /m$act of -L,Eb@o va)ue! on )inkbudet= medium a!ymmetry !cenario

.........................................................................2*

>iure 16? (e)ation of -L )oad and !ub!criber den!ity for different -L,Eb@o

im$rovement!= medium a!ymmetry !cenario..................................2*

>iure 1*? /m$act of DL,Eb@o va)ue! on )inkbudet= medium a!ymmetry!cenario= 2"W 4S.........................................................28

>iure 18? (e)ation of -L and DL Load 3it+ different Eb@o,va)ue!= medium

a!ymmetry !cenario= 2"W 4S...............................................2

>iure 1? Cro!!over $oint for different DL,Eb@o va)ue!= 2"W 4S $o3er...&"

>iure 2"? Cro!!over $oint for different DL,Eb@o va)ue!= W 4S $o3er....&"

>iure 21? A)orit+m for determinin t+e reu!abi)ity of a GSM,!ite for bot+

GSM and -M%S.............................................................&2

>iure 22? Exam$)e antenna confiuration!................................&'

>iure 2&? Exam$)e deci!ion,tree for t+e $ortion of reu!eab)e !ite! and t+eir

confiuration!...........................................................&

>iure 2'? #roce!! for determinin t+e amount of reu!eab)e !ite!.........&6

>iure 2? A)orit+m for dimen!ionin a net3ork for varyin trafficdi!tribution :#D> #robabi)ity Den!ity >unction;........................&8

>iure 26? Mea!ured and fitted traffic di!tribution! for urban and rura)

area!....................................................................'"

>iure 2*? #ercentae of ce))! in urban and rura) area needin 1= 2= or &

W%(B ver!u! t+e mean number of !ub!criber! $er !0uare ki)ometer..........''

>iure 28? Area !i9e! and number of exi!tin GSM,18"" and etDim,:GSM,18"";

!ite!. Site number! aree 3e))...........................................'

>iure 2? (e)ation of !ub!criber den!ity and number of !ite! for 1'' kbit@!

and &8' kbit@! for t+e +i+ a!ymmetry !cenario for urban area............"

>iure &"? (e)ation of !ub!criber den!ity and number of !ite! for 1'' kbit@!

and &8' kbit@! for t+e +i+ a!ymmetry !cenario :for ba!e ca!e and t+e ca!e

3it+ M<A; for urban area.................................................2>iure &1? (e)ation of !ub!criber den!ity and number of !ite! for 1'' bit@!

and &8' kbit@! for t+e +i+ a!ymmetry !cenario for urban area............'



>iure &2? (e)ation of !ub!criber den!ity and number of !ite! for 1'' kbit@!

and &8' kbit@! for t+e +i+ a!ymmetry !cenario :for !tandard confiuration

and t+e ca!e 3it+ M<A; for urban area....................................>iure &&? (e)ation of !ub!criber den!ity and number of !ite! for 1'' bit@!

and &8' kbit@! for t+e +i+ a!ymmetry !cenario :for ba!e ca!e and !ix,!ector

!ite!; for urban area....................................................*

>iure &'? (e)ation of !ub!criber den!ity and number of !ite! for 1'' bit@!


and S(C in t+e u$)ink; for urban area....................................

>iure &? (e)ation of !ub!criber den!ity and number of !ite! for 1'' kbit@!

and &8' kbit@! for t+e +i+ a!ymmetry !cenario :for ba!e ca!e and S(C; for

urban area...............................................................6&



and t+e ca!e 3it+ W,4S; for urban area..................................6>iure &*? (e)ation of !ub!criber den!ity and number of !ite! for 1'' kbit@!

and &8' kbit@! for t+e +i+ a!ymmetry !cenario :for !ix,!ector !ite! 3it+ and

3it+out M<A!; for urban area.............................................66


and &8' kbit@! for t+e +i+ a!ymmetry !cenario :for S(C in t+e u$)ink 3it+

and 3it+out M<A!; for urban area.........................................6

>iure &? (e)ation of !ub!criber den!ity and number of !ite! for 1'' kbit@!

and &8' kbit@! for t+e +i+ a!ymmetry !cenario :for S(C 3it+ and 3it+out

M<A!; for urban area.....................................................*"

>iure '"? (e)ation of !ub!criber den!ity and number of !ite! for 1'' bit@!

and &8' kbit@! for t+e +i+ a!ymmetry !cenario :for ba!e ca!e and t+e ca!e

3it+ M<A!; for urban area................................................*2>iure '1? Deci!ion tree for 4S !ite confiuration ty$e!.................*&

>iure '2? /ncrea!e in ca$acity for different confiuration! com$ared to

!tandard confiuration in urban area and +i+ a!ymmetry !cenario.........8

>iure '&? Savin! in !ite! for different confiuration! com$ared to !tandard

confiuration in urban area and +i+ a!ymmetry !cenario..................2

>iure '' etDim ca)cu)ation f)o3. S< !tand! for Soft <andover ver+ead.8

>iure '? -$)ink )ink budet...........................................1"1

>iure '6? Do3n)ink )ink budet.........................................1"2

>iure '*? etDim ca)cu)ation $rocedure.................................1"'

>iure '8? Area coverae 3it+ +exaon!. :a; mni,!ite :b; &,!ector !ite.11"

>iure '? vervie3 of S(C..............................................112



TA$%S%ab)e 1? -!ae@!ub! :M4yte@mont+;........................................1"%ab)e 2? 4< traffic@!ub! DL..............................................11

%ab)e &? 4< traffic@!ub! -L..............................................11

%ab)e '? 4S #arameter! for ba!e ca!e.....................................12

%ab)e ? MS #arameter! for ba!e ca!e.....................................12

%ab)e 6? WCDMA #arameter! for ba!e ca!e..................................1&

%ab)e *? Eb@o,va)ue! for ba!e ca!e......................................1&

%ab)e 8? 4oundary condition! for derivation of Eb@o!...................1'

%ab)e ? Mean va)ue! and !tandard deviation! for ty$ica) !ub!criber

di!tribution!............................................................'"

%ab)e 1"? Maximum number of !ub!criber! ver!u! number of W%(B for urban and

rura) area!..............................................................'2

%ab)e 11? #ercentae of ce))! in urban area needin 1= 2= or & W%(B ver!u!t+e mean number of !ub!criber! $er !0uare ki)ometer 5 -rban Area.........'&

%ab)e 12? #ercentae of ce))! in rura) area needin 1= 2= or & W%(B ver!u!

t+e mean number of !ub!criber! $er !0uare ki)ometer 5 (ura) Area.........'&

%ab)e 1&? Area ty$e! and !i9e! of t+e con!idered area....................'

%ab)e 1'? Di!tribution of c)utter c)a!!e! 3it+in t+e t+ree area ty$e!...'

%ab)e 1? umber of GSM,18"" !ite! for t+e area ty$e! in t+e con!idered area

.........................................................................'*

%ab)e 16? Coverae t+re!+o)d! for t+e exi!tin GSM,18"" net3ork.........'*

%ab)e 1*? Area correction factor! u!ed in net3ork dimen!ionin...........'8

%ab)e 18? Coverae t+re!+o)d! and )ocation $robabi)itie! u!ed in dimen!ionin

.........................................................................'8

%ab)e 1? Sub!criber den!itie! and number of !ite! for t+e different areaty$e!....................................................................1

%ab)e 2"? Sub!criber den!itie! and number of !ite! for t+e different area

ty$e!....................................................................&

%ab)e 21? Sub!criber den!itie! and number of !ite! for t+e different area

ty$e!....................................................................'


ty$e!....................................................................6

%ab)e 2&? Sub!criber den!itie! and number of !ite! for t+e different area

ty$e!....................................................................*

%ab)e 2'? 4S Eb@o,va)ue! for 2, and ',3ay u$)ink rece$tion diver!ity....8


ty$e!....................................................................61%ab)e 26? MS Eb@o,va)ue! 3it+ and 3it+out do3n)ink diver!ity tran!mi!!ion61

%ab)e 2*? Sub!criber den!itie! and number of !ite! for t+e different area

ty$e!....................................................................6'


ty$e!....................................................................6


ty$e!....................................................................68

%ab)e &"? Sub!criber den!itie! and number of !ite! for t+e different area

ty$e!....................................................................6

%ab)e &1? Sub!criber den!itie! and number of !ite! for t+e different area

ty$e!....................................................................*1

%ab)e &2? Sub!criber den!itie! and number of !ite! for t+e different areaty$e!....................................................................*2

%ab)e &&? 4S !ite confiuration!.........................................*'



%ab)e &'? Site number! $er area ty$e for fu)),area coverae 3it+ 1'' kbit@!.

%+e !ub!criber den!itie! are taken t+e !ame a! in t+e exam$)e! before....*

%ab)e &? Site number! $er area ty$e for fu)),area coverae 3it+ &8' kbit@!.t+e !ub!criber den!itie! are taken t+e !ame a! in t+e exam$)e! before....*

%ab)e &6? Sub!criber den!ity :!ub!criber@kmF; for different !cenario! and

datarate! in urban area :8"= kmF;. umber of !ite!? 8" for 1''kbit@!= 1&"

for &8'kbit@!............................................................8*

%ab)e &*? /ncrea!e in ca$acity com$ared to t+e !tandard confiuration for

different !cenario! and datarate! in urban area :8"= kmF;. umber of !ite!?

8" for 1''kbit@!= 1&" for &8'kbit@!......................................88

%ab)e &8? umber of !ite! for different !cenario! and datarate! in urban area

:8"= kmF;. Sub!criber den!ity? 2""" !ub!criber@kmF....................."

%ab)e &? Savin! in number of !ite! com$ared to t+e !tandard confiuration

for different !cenario! and datarate! in urban area :8"= kmF;. Sub!criber

den!ity? 2""" [email protected]%ab)e '"? Do3n)ink data amount! for variou! !ervice!.....................

%ab)e '1? Service u!ae for 16 kbit@! (%,!ervice!........................

%ab)e '2? Service u!ae for 6' kbit@! (%,!ervice!.......................

%ab)e '&? Service u!ae for &8' kbit@! (%,!ervice!......................*

%ab)e ''? umber of !ector! and corre!$ondin ,va)ue....................1"



1. &CUT"V SUMMA#'

%+e $ur$o!e of t+i! document i! to de!cribe t+e findin! durin t+e

-M%S dimen!ionin $roect for a euro$ean o$erator and ive! !ome

$ratica) findin!. /t inc)ude! an ana)y!i! of im$ortant $arameter!

for a WCDMA :Wideband Code Divi!ion Mu)ti$)e Acce!!; net3ork= an

exam$)e dimen!ionin for a metro$o)itan@rura) euro$ean area= and

identifie! and va)idate! t+e mo!t im$ortant co!t driver! for t+e

WCDMA (A :(adio Acce!! net3ork;.

Hariou! 4S :4a!e Station; confiuration! can be em$)oyed in a WCDMA

net3ork

• Standard con(iguration) &,!ector 4S :4a!e Station;!ite +avin 2" Watt! out$ut $o3er $er !ector 3it+out

any additiona) im$rovement!.

• Si*+sector sites) 4S !ite +avin !ix in!tead of t+ree!ector!.

• S#C ,Smart #adio Conce-t in t/e u-lin) ',3ayrece$tion diver!ity in!tead of 2,3ay rece$tion

diver!ity

• S#C in donlin) %ran!mi!!ion diver!ity from more t+anone 4S antenna

• S/ared $S ,it/ GSM) ut$ut $o3er for WCDMA,4S i! Watt! in!tead of 2" Watt!.

• Mast/ead am-li(iers ,M2A) M<A are u!ed to com$en!ate

for t+e 4S cab)e )o!! in u$)ink direction. %+ey can be

added to any one of t+e abovementioned confiuration!.

%+e!e confiuration! +ave been eva)uated carefu))y for a

metro$o)itan@rura) $art of Euro$e. %+e main findin! are :!ee a)!o

>iure 1 ba!ed on 8" !ite! for urban area;

• -!in on)y t+e !tandard confiuration enab)e! area,

3ide coverae 3it+ 1'' kbit@! 3it+ a number of !ite!

e0ua) to t+e number of exi!tin GSM,!ite!. Area,3ide

coverae 3it+ &8' kbit@! 3ou)d re0uire 6"I more !ite!.

• /ntroducin M<A! increa!e! t+e ca$acity by about 1"I

a! com$ared to t+e !tandard confiuration :at a

!ub!criber den!ity of 2""" !ub!@km2;= !ince t+e

!tandard confiuration i! u$)ink,)imited.

• 4S +avin Watt! out$ut $o3er $rovide t+e !ameca$acity a! t+e !tandard confiuration :!y!tem i!

u$)ink,)imited Mobi)e! run out of tran!mi!!ion $o3er;



• /ntroducin M<A! at t+e Watt! 4S increa!e! t+e

ca$acity by about "I= !ince t+e !y!tem become!

do3n)ink,)imited :4S run! out of tran!mi!!ion $o3er;

• S(C in t+e u$)ink ive! about t+e !ame ca$acity

increa!e a! M<A! in t+e con!idered ca!e

• S(C in u$, and do3n)ink increa!e! ca$acity by about

2"I a! com$ared to t+e !tandard confiuration.

• %+e mo!t im$re!!ive ca$acity im$rovement i! iven by

!ix,!ector !ite!= it i! about &"I a! com$ared to t+e

!tandard confiuration. Le!! t+an t+e exi!tin number

of !ite! 3ou)d be needed for fu)),area coverae 3it+

&8' kbit@!.

• Addin M<A! to S(C or !ix,!ector,!ite! !)i+t)y

decrea!e! t+e ac+ieved ca$acity increa!e of t+e

)atter= becau!e t+e !y!tem i! do3n)ink,)imited. M<A!

are on)y beneficia) in u$)ink,)imited !ituation!.

0%

50%

100%

150%

200%

250%

300%

350%

400%

450%

500%

S t a n d a r d C o n f i g u r a t i o n

S t a n d a r d C o n f i g u r a t i o n + M H A

5 W O u t p u t P o w e r

5 W O u t p u t P o w e r + M H A

S R C i n !

S R C i n ! + M H A

S R C i n ! a n d " !

S R C i n ! a n d " ! + M H A

# S e $ t o r

# S e $ t o r + M H A

!igure 1) "ncrease in ca-acit3 (or di((erent con(igurationscom-ared to t/e standard con(iguration in ur4an area.

%+e $re!ented re!u)t! ive an indication of t+e ca$abi)itie! of t+e

different !o)ution! and !+ou)d be taken into account accordin)y in

furt+er bu!ine!! $)annin and dimen!ionin for -M%S :-niver!a)

Mobi)e %e)ecommunication! Sy!tem;.



5. GN#"C STUD' O! 6CDMA %"N7$UDGTS

5.1 Pur-ose

%+e $ur$o!e of t+i! !tudy i! to create an under!tandin for t+e

im$act of different $arameter! on )inkbudet! for WCDMA :Wideband

Code Divi!ion Mu)ti$)e Acce!!;.

/t i! a!!umed t+at t+e reader i! fami)iar 3it+ conce$t! and term!

u!ed in WCDMA= t+erefore t+ey are not ex$)ained in detai) in t+i!

document.

5.5 Tra((ic Scenarios

W+i)e ce)) !i9e! in GSM :G)oba) Sy!tem for Mobi)e Communication!;

are ba!ica))y inde$endent of t+e carried traffic= WCDMA net3ork!!+o3 a ne3 be+avior? 4reat+in ce))!= i.e. t+e ce)) !i9e de$end! on

t+e traffic )oad. WCDMA i! an in+erent)y interference )imited

!y!tem= +ence an increa!ed traffic )oad re!u)t! in increa!ed )eve)

of interference and t+u! reduce! t+e ce)) !i9e!. %+erefore it i!

e!!entia) to +ave a ood under!tandin of t+e ex$ected !ub!criber

be+avior in t+e WCDMA net3ork a)ready at an ear)y !tae. <o3ever=

!tudie! about ex$ected traffic !+o3 a reat variance and are often

exerci!e! in J)ookin at t+e cry!ta) bo3)J.

>or t+e $ur$o!e of t+i! eneric !tudy okia created t+ree different

traffic !cenario! t+at are u!ed for ca)cu)atin WCDMA )inkbudet!.

%+e difference! bet3een t+e!e !cenario! )ie in t+e traffic mix=e!$ecia))y in t+e a!!umed a!ymmetry of !ervice!. /t i! ex$ected

t+at ty$ica) mu)ti,media a$$)ication! )ike 3eb bro3!in or video

!treamin 3i)) be !tron)y a!ymmetric= re!u)tin in a +i+er )oad

in t+e DL :do3n)ink; direction t+an in t+e -L :u$)ink; direction.

%+e fo))o3in tab)e !+o3! t+e a!!umed amount of traffic $er

!ub!criber and mont+ for eac+ ty$e of !ervice. %+e iven number!

re$re!ent t+e mont+)y voice@data in t+e do3n)ink. %+e u$)ink,

fiure! are ca)cu)ated by mu)ti$)yin t+e do3n)ink,fiure! 3it+ t+e

a!ymmetry factor. %+e on)y !ervice= 3+ic+ u!e! different data rate!

on u$, and do3n)ink= i! medium mu)timedia !ervice.

Ta4le 1) Usage8su4s ,M$3te8mont/

Scenario

Lo3

a!ymmetry

Medium

a!ymmetry

<i+

a!ymmetry

Ser9ice De!cri$tio

n

A!ymmetry

>actor

S-eec/ 12=2

kbit@!

1 1 1 1

sitc/ed data (% 1'

kbit@!

1 "=& "=& "=&

sim-le messaging (% 1''kbit@!

1 "=& "= "=*

medium multimedia

(% &8'

kbit@!

"="26 *= 1" 18



interacti9e multimedia

(% 6'

kbit@!

1 "=1 "= 1=

%+e!e traffic !cenario! do not nece!!ari)y ref)ect our ex$ectation!

on future market deve)o$ment and !+ou)d not be con!idered a! an

officia) !tatement.

%+e traffic fiure! are t+en broken do3n in traffic $er !ub!criber

and bu!y +our for eac+ !ervice= !e$arate)y for u$)ink and do3n)ink?

Ta4le 5) $2 tra((ic8su4s D%

%oas3mmetr

3

Mediumas3mmetr3

2ig/as3mmetr

3

S-eec/ 12=2

kbit@!

22=&8& 22=&8& 22=&8& mEr

)

sitc/ed data (% 1'

kbit@!

"=&" "=&" "=&" mEr

)

sim-le messaging (% 1''

kbit@!

"=""' "=""* "="1" kbi

t@!

medium multimedia

(% &8'

kbit@!

"=1"2 "=1&* "=2'6 kbi

t@!

"nteracti9e multimedia

(% 6'

kbit@!

"="28 "=1'2 "='2* mEr

)

Ta4le :) $2 tra((ic8su4s U%

%oas3mmetr3

Mediumas3mmetr3

2ig/as3mmetr

3

S-eec/ 12=2

kbit@!

22=&8& 22=&8& 22=&8& mEr)

sitc/ed data (% 1'

kbit@!

"=&" "=&" "=&" mEr)

sim-le messaging (% 1''

kbit@!

"=""' "=""* "="1" kbit

@!

medium multimedia

(% &8'

kbit@!

"=""& "=""' "=""6 kbit

@!

interacti9e multimedia

(% 6'

kbit@!

"="28 "=1'2 "='2* mEr)

A detai)ed ex$)anation on +o3 to ca)cu)ate t+e!e fiure! i! iven

in A$$endix 1.

5.: Procedure

>or ana)y!i! of t+e im$act of different traffic !cenario! on WCDMA

)inkbudet! okia u!ed etDim &.11. etDim i! an interna) too)uti)i9ed for t+e dimen!ionin of mobi)e net3ork!. >or a detai)ed

de!cri$tion of etDim $)ea!e refer to A$$endix 2.



etDim 3a! u!ed to at+er re!u)t! for a ba!e ca!e. /n t+e next !te$

!$ecific $arameter! are modified and t+eir im$act on t+e )inkbudet

ana)y9ed. %+e $arameter! u!ed in t+at !ection are iven in t+efo))o3in.

Ta4le ;) $S Parameters (or 4ase case

$SParameters

Antennagain

18d4

i

Antenna/eig/t

&"m

$Scon(iguration

&,

!ect

or

Ca4le%osses

&d4

Noise!igure

d4

Ta4le <) MS Parameters (or 4ase case

MSParameters

Out-utPoer

21d4m for !$eec+ and

1'kbit@! !ervice!=

2'd4m for +i+er datarate!

AntennaGain

"d4i for !$eec+ and

1'kbit@! !ervice!=

2d4i for +i+er datarate!

Antenna/eig/t

1=m

$od3 %oss &d4 for !$eec+

"d4 for data!ervice!

Noise!igure

8d4



Ta4le =) 6CDMA Parameters (or 4ase case

6CDMA Parameters

"nter(erence (romot/er cells1

6I

Ort/ogonalit3 '"I

MDC Gain 1=2

d4

S2O o9er/ead 5> D% '"I

Ta4le ?) 48No+9alues (or 4ase case

48No (igures

S-eec/ ,:m8/ 'd4 -L@ *d4

DL

1;4it8s #T,:m8/

'd4 -L@ *d4

DL

=;4it8s #T

,:m8/

2d4 -L@ *d4

DL

=;4it8s N#T,:m8/

2d4 -L@ 6d4

DL

1;;4it8s N#T,:m8/

1=d4 -L@

=d4 DL

:@;4it8s N#T,:m8/

1d4 -L@ d4

DL

%+e!e ob N E / ! are t+e re!u)t of !y!tem !imu)ation! at t+e okia

(e!earc+ Center. %+ey are enerated by in!ertin t+e !$ecific

$arameter! of okia,e0ui$ment and a)ready inc)ude norma) receive

diver!ity ain :!$ace or cro!!,$o)ar;= t+erefore no diver!ity ain

may be added additiona))y. %ab)e 8 !+o3! t+e boundary condition!

for derivation of Eb@o!. Eb@o! for (%, and (%,!ervice! are

different due to different 4E(,taret! :(%,data? 4E(,)eve) of 1"e,&

or )e!! (%,data? Max. >E(,)eve) of 1"I;= codin !c+eme! and

tran!mi!!ion $rotoco)!. ote= +o3ever= t+at oc I E / ,va)ue! :t+e

1 %+e $arameter interference from other cells i! t+e 0uotient bet3een t+e o3n,ce))

and t+e ot+er ce)) interference= it! va)ue i! from okia !y!tem !imu)ation!. /tenter! t+e )oadin e0uation a! !+o3n in Section 2.'.& and 2.'.' : DLULi ,

;.2 %+i! inc)ude! !ofter +andover!. ote t+at for tran!mi!!ion net3ork dimen!ionin t+e

S< :Soft <andver;,over+ead on)y need! to be taken into account= !ince combination

of !ina)! !temmin from different !ector! of t+e !ame 4S !ite i! done at t+e 4S.



0uantity to be com$ared 3it+ t+e GSM,C@/; ri!e 3it+ +i+er data

rate! :!ee a)!o t+e ex$)anation! to >iure 2;.

Ta4le @) $oundar3 conditions (or deri9ation o( 48Nos

Ser9ices TargetBualit3

Con(iguration

12=2

kbit@! E>(

4E( K 1"e,

&

2"m! int.

(%

6'kbit@!

4E( K 1"e,

'"m! int.

(%

6'kbit@!

>E( 1"I 1"m! int.

(%1''kbit@!

>E( 1"I 1"m! int.

(%

&8'kbit@!

>E( 1"I 1"m! int.

-!in t+e!e $arameter!= etDim ca)cu)ate! t+e )inkbudet. %+e

fo))o3in fiure ive! an exam$)e for a ty$ica) )inkbudet for

&8'kbit@!.

! "! GENERAL INFORECEIVING END: BS MS ,re-uen$) .MH/ , 2000

'er*a &oie "enit) d*H/ 617480 617480 a C"MA Ciprate .MH/ W 38940

Re$ei:er &oie ,igure d 580 980 ; "ata rate .<it ! R 394

Re$ei:er &oie "enit) d*H/ 61#=80 61##80 $>a+; "ata rate .<it "! R 394

&oie Power d* 610382 610082 d Pro$eing ?ain @d ! WR 1080

CB d 6=80 6#82 e Pro$eing ?ain @d "! WR 1080

R Seniti:it)D unoaded d* 611282 610#84 f>d+e Re-uired ;&0 @d ! ;&0 1

Bnterferen$e Margin d 6280 6#85 g Re-uired ;&0 @d "! ;&0 5

Re-uired $Bo d 6780 083 SRC ?ain @! 0

Re-uired Signa Power d* 611082 6==8= i>d+>f6g SRC ?ain @"! 0

R antenna gain di 1980 280 < M"C ?ain @"! 182

Ca;e o d 280 080 ffD Re-uired ;&0 @d !;&0 180

od) !o 080 080 n ffD Re-uired ;&0 @d "!;&0 389

Epi$it di:erit) gain fro* SHO d 280 280 * MaE !oadD ! η 37%

Power Contro Head Roo* d 480 080 o MaE !oadD "! η 79%

Botropi$Power d* 612482 61038= p>i++n6*6<+o

,ied Strengt dFG* 1=81 3=84 - > p+ .I

I > 77D2+ 20Iog.fre-@MH/

TRANSMITTING END: MS BS

' R, output pea< power 0825 181 r

' power d* 2480 3082

Ca;e !o d 080 280

od) !o d 080 080 w

'6antenna gain di 280 1980

Pea< BRP d* 2#80 4#82 u>r66t6w

Botropi$ pat o d 15081 15081 :>u6p

!igure 5) %in4udget (or :@;4it8s

/n t+e fo))o3in a !+ort de!cri$tion of t+e u!ed 0uantitie! i!

$rovided.

T/ermal noise densit3) oi!e den!ity enerated by t+e environment=

dBJ kT a 174290*10*38,1 23−===

− >



3it+ k bein 4o)t9mann! con!tant and T t+e tem$erature ine)vin.

#ecei9er noise (igure) %+e additiona) amount of noi!e a receiver

front,end enerate! :b ;.

#ecei9er noise densit3) Sum of a and b : bac += ;. Give! t+e tota)

noi!e den!ity at t+e receiver.

Noise -oer) %+e tota) noi!e $o3er at t+e receiver

)(log10 10 W cd += >

3+ere W denote! t+e band3idt+ of t+e !$read !ina) : 3840=W <9;.

C8") %+e carrier to interference,ratio nece!!ary at t+e receiverfor !ucce!!fu) rece$tion of a u!er! !ina)

)/(log10// 10 RW MDC N E I C e gainob −−== >

3+ere gain MDC i! t+e coverae, and ca$acity,ain due to S< :Soft

<andver;= 3+ic+ reduce! t+e fadin di$! and R denote! t+e

band3idt+ of t+e u!er! !ina).

#& Sensiti9it3> unloaded) %+e !en!itivity of t+e receiver in an

un)oaded !y!tem

ed f += .

"nter(erence margin) %+e re0uired marin in t+e )inkbudet due to

t+e )oad :to con!ider t+e noi!e ri!e due to ot+er u!er!;

)(log10 ,10, DLUL DLUL g η = >

3+ere DLUL,

η i! t+e u$)ink :do3n)ink; )oad. ote t+at g i! u!ua))y

different for u$)ink and do3n)ink due to different )oadin!.

#euired c8"o) %+e re0uired enery $er c+i$ divided by t+e noi!e

and interference enery

g eh −= >

i.e. it i! !im$)y determined by takin t+e noi!e ri!e due to

interference from ot+er u!er! into account.

#euired signal -oer) %+e nece!!ary !ina) $o3er of a de!ired u!er

:at t+e (B antenna; to be detected !ucce!!fu))y

g f hd i −=+= .

#& antenna gain? Gain of t+e (B antenna : k ;.

Ca4le loss? Lo!! bet3een antenna and %(B :%ran!ceive,(eceive unit;

, u!ua))y on)y $re!ent at t+e 4S : l ;.



$od3 loss? Lo!! at t+e MS due to t+e $re!ence of t+e +uman body : n;. -!ua))y &d4= taken into account for voice and )o3,data rate

!ervice!. >or !ervice! 3it+ data rate! !tartin from 6' kbit@!u$3ard!= no body )o!! i! taken into account= !ince termina)! are

u!ua))y +e)d in front of t+e u!er.

*-licit di9ersit3 gain (rom S2O) Coverae ain due to !oft :and

!ofter; +andover :m ; 5 a)!o !ometime! ca))ed Mu)ti,Server

$robabi)ity.

Poer control /eadroom) /n WCDMA u!er !ina)! !+ou)d be received att+e 4S 3it+ e0ua) $o3er a)) t+e time. %+i! im$)ie! t+at e.. fadin

di$! are com$en!ated by t+e $o3er contro) a)orit+m= 3+ic+ re0uire!

additiona) +eadroom at t+e MS :in u$)ink; :o ;. /t i! not needed at

t+e 4S= !ince a)) u!er! are !erved !imu)taneou!)y 3it+com$arative)y )e!! $o3er t+an t+e maximum out$ut $o3er at t+e 4S.

"sotro-ic -oer) %+e i!otro$ic received $o3er

ok mnl k i p +−−++−= .

!ield strengt/) %+e nece!!ary fie)d!trent+ for t+e iven i!otro$ic

$o3er

[ ])(log202,77( 10 MHz f pq ++= .

T& #! out-ut -ea -oer)%+e out$ut $o3er per connection of t+e 4S,

%(B@MS,%(B : ;.

Ca4le loss) Lo!! bet3een antenna and %(B :%ran!ceive,(eceive unit;

, u!ua))y on)y $re!ent at t+e 4S : )( l ! = ;.

$od3 loss? Lo!! at t+e MS due to t+e $re!ence of t+e +uman body :

)( n" = ;.

T& antenna gain? Gain of t+e %B antenna : # ;.

Pea "#P ,ui9alentl3 "sotro-icall3 #adiated Poer? E0uiva)ent)y

i!otro$ica))y tran!mi!!ion $o3er

# " ! $ +−−= .

"sotro-ic -at/ loss) Maximum a))o3ab)e $at+)o!! bet3een 4S and MS

p$% −= .

%+e re!u)tin -L and DL $at+)o!!e! can be found at t+e bottom )ine.

%+e J4S #o3erJ !+o3n in t+i! )inkbudet $re!ent! on)y t+e re0uired

$o3er for a !in)e u!er for t+at !ervice. %+e tota) 4S $o3er i!

ca)cu)ated by !ummin u$ a)) u!er! and !ervice! and addin t+e

$o3er needed for t+e contro) c+anne)!.

A Jte!t areaJ of "" kmF 3a! u!ed for t+i! dimen!ionin. %+e amount

of !ub!criber! 3a! increa!ed con!ecutive)y and a! a re!u)t u$)ink

)oad and do3n)ink )oad increa!ed= de$endin on t+e traffic



!cenario. -L and DL $at+)o!! and re0uired 4S $o3er for eac+ !ervice

3ere recorded.

5.; #esults

%+e traffic !cenario! de!cribed in Section 2.2 re!u)t in a re)ation

bet3een DL and -L )oad t+at can be !een in >iure &.

0

10

20

30

40

50

#0

70

90

=0

100

0 10 20 30 40 50

UL Load

D L L o a d "! !oad ow "ata

"! !oad *ediu* "ata

"! !oad ig "ata

!igure :) #elation o( D% and U% %oad (or di((erent tra((icscenarios

%+e -L )oad corre!$ond! to a certain den!ity of !ub!criber!. %+i!

re)ation i! !+o3n in >iure '.



0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

Subscribers/k!

U L

L o a d ! !oad8 ow a)**etr)

! !oad8 *ediu* a)**etr)

! !oad8 ig a)**etr)

!igure ;) #elation 4eteen U% %oad and Su4scri4er densit3

>or a iven -L )oad t+e corre!$ondin DL )oad increa!e! 3it+ t+e

a!ymmetry of t+e traffic !cenario. A DL )oad of 1""I can not be

exceeded&. %+i! mean!= t+at at an -L )oad of &I in t+e ca!e of

t+e +i+ a!ymmetric !cenario t+e ca$acity )imit of t+e ce)) i!reac+ed. Anot+er $oint need! to be con!idered? A)t+ou+ t+e

re)ation bet3een -L and DL )oad i! )inear= t+e re)ation bet3een -L

and DL )o!! in t+e )inkbudet due to )oad :interference marin; i!

not. %+e interference marin L i! defined a!

)1(log*10 10 η −−= L =

3+ere η re$re!ent! t+e :u$)ink or do3n)ink; )oad.

>rom >iure & it i! evident t+at t+e DL )oad i! a)3ay! +i+er t+an

t+e -L )oad. %+i! re!u)t! in +i+er )o!!e! :+i+er interference

marin; in DL t+an in -L= a! can be derived from t+e fo))o3infiure.

& ote t+at in -L a )oad of *"I !+ou)d not be exceeded in order to $revent t+e WCDMA,

!y!tem from becomin un!tab)e.



0

5

10

15

20

25

0 081 082 083 084 085 08# 087 089 08= 1

"oad

" o s s # d B $

!igure <) %oad relation o( losses

WCDMA )inkbudet! are enera))y not ba)anced. %+ey are eit+er

)imited by t+e -L )oad or by t+e 4S $o3er. >or a iven -L )oad=

eac+ !ervice +a! a different maximum -L $at+)o!!. Eac+ !ervice +a!

!$ecific Eb@o re0uirement!. /n addition= t+e $roce!!in ainde$end! direct)y on t+e datarate of t+e !ervice. Eb@o va)ue! and

$roce!!in ain are in$ut $arameter! for t+e )inkbudet ca)cu)ation

:>iure 2;.

n t+e ot+er +and= do3n)ink )o!!e! do not de$end on t+e !ervice a!

t+e 4S i! tran!mittin a)) !ervice! at t+e !ame time. 4eyond a

certain $oint DL )o!!e! increa!e +efty and t+e 4S $o3er i! t+e

)imitin factor :>iure 6;. %+i! i! due to t+e non,)inear re)ation

bet3een -L and DL )o!!e! a! ex$)ained above.



Lo% Da&a Sce'ario

140800

145800

150800

155800

1#0800

1#5800

0 10 20 30 40 50 #0 70 90

UL Load

( a & ) " o s s # d B $ Spee$ 1282< ! Pato

R' "ata 14< ! Pato

R' "ata #4< ! Pato

&R' "ata 144< ! Pato


"! Pato

!igure =) T3-ical -at/loss cur9es (or U% and D%

S$eec+ and 1''kbit@! offer !imi)ar ce)) rane!. 1'kbit@! and

6'kbit@! offer better coverae and 3i)) not be t+e )imitin factor

in any ca!e. %+i! i! due to

• o body )o!! for data !ervice!

• <i+er MS antenna ain for data rate! above

1' kbit@!

• <i+er MS out$ut $o3er for data rate! above

1' kbit@!

• (educed Eb@o for +i+er data rate !ervice!

%+e reu)ator re0uire! offerin mu)timedia !ervice! 3it+out

definin a minimum data rate. A data rate of 1''kbit@! i!con!idered to be t+e ab!o)ute minimum for mu)timedia !ervice!.

%+erefore it 3i)) de$end on t+e com$etitive !ituation 3+et+er

1''kbit@! or &8'kbit@! +ave to be offered in a)) area!. >or t+e

remainin $art of t+i! document on)y t+e!e t3o !ervice! 3i)) be

con!idered for t+e -L.

%+e im$act of different traffic !cenario! i! de$icted in >iure *.

/n t+e ca!e of t+e !cenario 3it+ )o3 a!ymmetry t+e -L )oad i!

)imited to '*I= corre!$ondin to 1""I DL )oad :!ee a)!o >iure &;=

3+i)e for t+e +i+ a!ymmetry !cenario t+e -L )oad i! )imited to

&I. 4S $o3er 3a! !et to 2"W. %+e im$act of 4S $o3er i! furt+er

examined in Section 2.'.1.



145

150

155

1#0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

UL Load

( a & ) " o s s



"! Pato8 ow a)**etr)

"! Pato8 *ediu* a)**etr)

"! Pato8 ig a)**etr)

!igure ?) U% and D% Pat/loss (or di((erent tra((ic scenarios. $S -oer is set to 506.

2.'.1 /m$act of 4S #o3er

%+e im$act of 4S #o3er on t+e )inkbudet can be !een in t+e

fo))o3in fiure?

140800

145800

150800

155800

1#0800

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

UL Load

( a & ) " o s s



"! Pato8 S6' 40W

"! Pato8 S6' 20W

"! Pato8 S6' 5W

!igure @) "m-act o( di((erent $S Poer 9alues on lin4udget> mediumas3mmetr3 scenario



/n t+e ca!e of 2"W 4S $o3er t+e -L i! t+e )imitin factor u$ to a

)oad of '"I for &8'kbit@!. DL i! !o dominatin beyond '"I )oad

t+at t+e DL $at+)o!! dro$! !+ar$)y.

T/is -oint> /ere t/e limiting (actor c/anges (rom U% to D% ill 4ere(erred to as crosso9er -oint (or t/e rest o( t/is document. T/eterm crosso9er -oint is not a generic 6CDMA term and s/ould 4ee*-lained /en discussing results it/ -eo-le /o /a9e not readt/is re-ort.

Due to t+e +i+ DL )oad even an increa!e of t+e 4S $o3er to '"W

$u!+e! t+e cro!!over $oint on)y to an -L )oad of '1I. /n t+e ca!e

of an out$ut $o3er of on)y W t+e cro!!over $oint move! to an -L

)oad of &I= 3+ic+ 3ou)d !ti)) corre!$ond to a !ub!criber den!ity

of &"" !ub!@kmF for t+e medium a!ymmetry !cenario 3it+ t+e iven

traffic $rofi)e.

%+e fo))o3in fiure !ummari9e! t+e re)ation bet3een t+e cro!!over

$oint and t+e 4S $o3er for a)) t+ree !cenario!.

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0 10 20 30 40

BS (o%er #*$

U L L o a d ow a)**etr)

*ediu* a)**etr)

ig a)**etr)

!igure E) Crosso9er -oint (or di((erent $S -oer 9alues

A 4S out$ut $o3er +i+er t+an 2"W brin! +ard)y any im$rovement.

n)y in combination 3it+ im$rovement! in ort+oona)ity or DL,Eb@o

va)ue! +i+er out$ut $o3er! are beneficia).



2.'.2 /m$act of -L /m$rovement! by u!in M<A on )inkbudet

145

150

155

1#0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

UL Load

( a & ) " o s s

"! Pato

&R' "ata 394< ! Pato8 noi*pro:e*ent

&R' "ata 394< ! Pato8 1di*pro:e*ent

&R' "ata 394< ! Pato8 2di*pro:e*ent

!igure 10) "m-act o( di((erent U% im-ro9ement 9alues on lin4udget> medium as3mmetr3 scenario> 506 $S

-!in M<A or better 4S !en!itivity im$rove $erformance a! )on a!t+e )inkbudet i! -L )imited. Wit+ ro3in amount of traffic t+e

im$rovement actua))y decrea!e!= a! t+e )inkbudet 3i)) be more and

more DL )imited.

2.'.& /m$act of rt+oona)ity on )inkbudet

rt+oona)ity +a! an im$act on t+e DL )oad= DLη = a! can be !een

from t+e e0uation for t+e DL )oad?

( ) DL DL

DL M& b

DLi

W

R MDCgain N E m+−×

×−×

= α η 1/

,0=

3+ere m i! t+e number of de!ired u!er!= M& ob N E ,/ i! t+e enery $er

bit divided by t+e !$ectra) noi!e den!ity for t+e MS= DL MDCgain i!

t+e macro,diver!ity combinin ain at t+e do3n)ink ac+ievab)e by

!oft,+andover= R i! t+e u!er data rate= W t+e c+i$ rate= DLα

t+e ort+oona)ity on t+e do3n)ink= and DLi i! t+e do3n)ink

interference from ot+er ce))! divided by t+e do3n)ink interference

from t+e o3n ce)).

<ence im$rovement! in ort+oona)ity reduce t+e DL )oad for a iven

-L )oad. %+i! i! !+o3n in t+e fo))o3in fiure.



080

2080

4080

#080

9080

10080

0 10 20 30 40 50 #0

UL Load #+$

D L L o a d # + $

"! !oad8 40% Ortogonait)

"! !oad8 50% Ortogonait)

"! !oad8 #0% Ortogonait)

!igure 11) #elation o( U% and D% load (or di((erent ort/ogonalit39alues> medium as3mmetr3 scenario> 506 $S out-ut -oer

A! a con!e0uence= t+e -L )oad corre!$ondin to a iven DL )oad

increa!e!. /n t+e exam$)e of t+e medium a!ymmetry !cenario t+e

maximum -L )oad increa!e! from '2=I for an ort+oona)ity of '"I to'6I for an ort+oona)ity of "I= 3+ic+ mean! an increa!e of

ca$acity by 8I. An ort+oona)ity va)ue of '"I 3a! u!ed for t+e

ca)cu)ation of t+e ba!e ca!e.

>urt+ermore= )oad reduction! reduce t+e interference marin in t+e

)inkbudet :!ee >iure 2;= t+u! im$rovin coverae.

>iure 12 !+o3! t+e im$act of t+e ort+oona)ity on t+e )inkbudet.



145

150

155

1#0

0 10 20 30 40 50 #0

UL Load

( a & ) " o s s



"! Pato8 40% Ortogonait)




"! Pato8 #0% Ortogonait)

!igure 15) "m-act o( ort/ogonalit3 on t/e lin4udget> mediumas3mmetr3 scenario

C+ane! in ort+oona)ity +ave a $ronounced im$act on t+e cro!!over

$oint. %+i! i! !ummari9ed in t+e fiure be)o3 for a)) t+ree traffic

!cenario! and 4S $o3er va)ue! of 2"W and W.

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

40 42 44 4# 49 50 52 54 5# 59 #0

Or&)o,o'a"i&-


*ediu* a)**etr)

ig a)**etr)

!igure 1:) Crosso9er -oint (or di((erent ort/ogonalit3 9alues> 506$S -oer



25

30

35

40

45

50

40 45 50 55 #0

Or&o,o'a"i&- #+$


*ediu* a)**etr)

ig a)**etr)

!igure 1;) Crosso9er -oint (or di((erent ort/ogonalit3 9alues> <6$S -oer

Cro!!over $oint! $art)y +ad to be extra$o)ated from t+e data

t+erefore t+e accuracy mi+t be )imited. <o3ever= t+e trend i!

c)ear? /m$rovement! in ort+oona)ity increa!e !y!tem ca$acity andcoverae at t+e !ame time for a)) traffic !cenario!.

2.'.' /m$act of im$rovement in -L,Eb@o va)ue!

-L,Eb@o va)ue! +ave an im$act on t+e -L )oad= ULη = a! can be !een

be)o3?

( )( )

UL

UL B& b

UL iW

R MDCgain N E m+×

×−×

= 1/ ,0

η =

3+ere B& ob N E ,/ i! t+e enery $er bit divided by t+e !$ectra) noi!e

den!ity for t+e 4S= UL MDCgain i! t+e macro,diver!ity combinin ain

at t+e u$)ink ac+ievab)e by !oft,+andover= and ULi i! t+e u$)ink

interference from ot+er ce))! divided by t+e u$)ink interference

from t+e o3n ce)).

Lo3er Eb@o,va)ue! mean t+at t+e !ame amount of !ub!criber!

enerate! fe3er )oad= or= a iven -L )oad corre!$ond! to more

!ub!criber!= +ence an im$rovement in ca$acity.

A! a con!e0uence reduction! in t+e )oad reduce t+e interference

marin in t+e )inkbudet :!ee >iure 2;= t+u! !)i+t)y im$rovin

coverae.

A !econd effect i! t+e direct im$rovement in t+e )inkbudet= a! t+e

Eb@o enter! into it direct)y= t+u! aain im$rovin coverae.



%+e im$act of im$roved Eb@o,va)ue! on t+e )inkbudet can be !een

in >iure 1.

145

150

155

1#0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

UL Load

( a & ) " o s s

"! Pato

&R' "ata 394< ! Pato8 noi*pro:e*ent

&R' "ata 394< ! Pato8 1di*pro:e*ent in ! ;&o

&R' "ata 394< ! Pato8 2di*pro:e*ent in ! ;&o

!igure 1<) "m-act o( U%+48No 9alues on lin4udget> mediumas3mmetr3 scenario

/n order to ana)y9e t+e im$act on ca$acity it i! nece!!ary to )ook

at t+e re)ation bet3een -L )oad and !ub!criber den!ity.

0

10

20

30

40

50

#0

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 #000 7000

Subscribers/k!

U L

L o a

d

! !oad8 no i*pro:e*ent! !oad8 1d i*pro:e*ent in ! ;&o

! !oad8 2d i*pro:e*ent in ! ;&o

!igure 1=) #elation o( U% load and su4scri4er densit3 (or di((erentU%+48No im-ro9ements> medium as3mmetr3 scenario



080

2080

4080

#080

9080

10080

0 10 20 30 40 50 #0

UL Load #+$

D L L o a d # + $

"! !oad8 no i*pro:e*ent

"! !oad8 085d i*pro:e*ent in " ;&o



!igure 1@) #elation o( U% and D% %oad it/ di((erent 48No+9alues> medium as3mmetr3 scenario> 506 $S

Simi)ar to im$rovement! in ort+oona)ity= im$rovement! in DL,Eb@o

reduce! DL )oad and can increa!e ca$acity= e.. from '2=I -L )oad

to '8I for "=d4 im$rovement in DL,Eb@o= corre!$ondin to 1&Ica$acity ain.

A! before= t+e im$act of DL,Eb@o va)ue! on t+e cro!!over $oint i!

!ummari9ed be)o3.



20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

#0

#5

0 082 084 08# 089 1 182 184 18#

DL Eb/No I.roee'&


*ediu* a)**etr)

ig a)**etr)

!igure 1E) Crosso9er -oint (or di((erent D%+48No 9alues> 506 $S -oer

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

#0

0 082 084 08# 089 1 182 184 18#

DL Eb/No I.roee'&

U L

L o a d ow a)**etr)

*ediu* a)**etr)

ig a)**etr)

!igure 50) Crosso9er -oint (or di((erent D%+48No 9alues> <6 $S -oer

Cro!!over $oint! $art)y +ad to be extra$o)ated from t+e data

t+erefore t+e accuracy mi+t be )imited. <o3ever= t+e trend i!

c)ear? /m$rovement! in DL,Eb@o increa!e !y!tem ca$acity andcoverae at t+e !ame time for a)) traffic !cenario!.



:. #USA$"%"T' O! S"TS

:.1 Pur-ose>or an exi!tin o$erator !ite reu!e i! a critica) ta!k 3+en

eneratin t+e bu!ine!! $)an for -M%S :-niver!a) Mobi)e

%e)ecommunication! Sy!tem;. (eu!e of exi!tin !ite! enab)e!

• >a!ter ro)),out? %+e )ent+y !ite ac0ui!ition $roce!!

and !ite con!truction 3ork can be omitted

• Savin! a! com$ared to reenfie)d a$$roac+e!?

1. o !ite ac0ui!ition and reduced civi) 3ork!

2. S$)it of renta) fee! bet3een GSM and -M%S,

net3ork

&. -$rade of !ite e0ui$ment in!tead of

in!ta))in a com$)ete)y ne3 one

%+erefore it! vita) to e!timate t+e number of )ocation! to be

reu!ed in an accurate and efficient 3ay a! in$ut for bu!ine!!

$)annin and furt+er net3ork $)annin $ur$o!e!.

%+i! document introduce! a fa!t and com$re+en!ive a$$roac+ for

e!timation of !ite reu!abi)ity fiure!.

:.5 Algorit/m (or estimation o( reusa4ilit3 o( a -articular GSM+site (or 4ot/ GSM and UMTS

>iure 21 ive! an overvie3 of t+e a)orit+m for e!timatin t+e

reu!abi)ity of a GSM,!ite. %+e fo))o3in criteria are u!ed to

c+aracteri9e a !ite

• (eu!eab)e? Site can be u!ed for bot+ GSM and -M%S

• ot reu!eab)e? Site can on)y be u!ed for GSM or -M%S

• S+ared 4S :4a!e Station;? GSM@EDGE and -M%S,%(B :%ran!mit,(eceive -nit; 3it+in one cabinet :e.. /A -)traSite tri$)e,

mode cabinet;

• Dedicated 4S? S$ecific cabinet for GSM@EDGE or -M%S



* SRC … Smart Radio Concept

o

!"aila#le $pace in %S&e'ipment location

Can e get more $pace

+c-ange o. e'ipmentit-ot renegotiation$ o. contract po$$i#le

Can e pt in additionalantenna$

e$

oe$

o

ot re$ea#leedicated %S

e$

Re$ea#leS-ared %S

Re$ea#leedicated %S

n an ca$e

S-aredantenna$

SRC*/ed 56S&antenna po$$i#le

oe$

Can e pt in additional.eeder netor7$

n an ca$e

1

2

3

4

8

!igure 51) Algorit/m (or determining t/e reusa4ilit3 o( a GSM+site(or 4ot/ GSM and UMTS

Ste- 1)

%+e a)orit+m for determinin t+e reu!abi)ity of a !ite !tart! 3it+

an!3erin t+e 0ue!tion 3+et+er t+ere i! !ome unu!ed e0ui$ment !$ace

:e.. an em$ty foot$rint for a cabinet; at t+e GSM,ba!e !tation.

eeded !$ace at t+e GSM,ba!e !tation

%+e foot$rint of t+e /A,-)tra!ite ba!e !tation cabinet i! t+e !ame a!

for t+e %a)k,>ami)y ba!e !tation!. %+e exi!tin battery backu$ for t+e

GSM,ba!e !tation can be reu!ed= +o3ever t+e backu$ time $o!!ib)y

decrea!e!.

/f t+e re0uired !$ace i! avai)ab)e= t+e !ite i! reu!eab)e 3it+

dedicated cabinet! for GSM and -M%S. /n t+i! ca!e an indication of

t+e avai)ab)e !$ace !+ou)d be iven :in of cabinet!;= and t+e

$roce!! continue! 3it+ Ste$ '.

/f additiona) !$ace i! not avai)ab)e= $roceed 3it+ Ste$ 2.

Ste- 5)

/f t+ere i! no unu!ed !$ace avai)ab)e= t+e next 0ue!tion i! 3+et+er

3e can et more !$ace at t+i! !$ecific )ocation by reneotiation!

3it+ t+e )and)ord. <ere= !ite ac0ui!ition +a! to ive an indication

of t+e !ucce!! rate for !uc+ neotiation!. #roceed 3it+ Ste$ & in

any ca!e= exce$t t+e an!3er to t+e 0ue!tion of !ite en)arement i!

a dedicated Ne!= in t+at ca!e $roceed 3it+ Ste$ '.



Ste- :)

%+e next ta!k 5 if 3e cannot et more !$ace , i! to determine

3+et+er t+e exc+ane of e0ui$ment 3it+out reneotiation! of t+e

contract i! $o!!ib)e. /f t+e an!3er i! Ne!= t+e !ite i! reu!eab)e=

but a !+ared 4S +a! to be in!ta))ed :or t+e GSM,4S +a! to be

decommi!!ioned;. /f t+e an!3er i! o= t+e !ite 3i)) be furt+er u!ed

for GSM,on)y= exce$t !ome nece!!itie! re0uire t+e conver!ion to a

-M%S,!ite. /n any ca!e t+e a)orit+m oe! to Ste$ ' to enerate a

com$)ete $icture about t+e !ite! $o!!ibi)itie!.

Ste- ;)

<ere t+e 0ue!tion 3+et+er additiona) antenna! can be mounted +a! to

be an!3ered. /f t+e an!3er i! Ne!= a !e$arate antenna for -M%S or

t+e de$)oyment of S(C' :Smart (adio Conce$t; i! $o!!ib)e. /f t+e

an!3er i! o= a combined antenna for GSM 18"" and -M%S +a! to be

uti)i9ed.

Statu! of antenna deve)o$ment!

Her!ion! of -M%S,antenna! :on)y; are a)ready avai)ab)e. #re,ver!ion! of

cro!!,$o)ari9ed dua) band antenna! for GSM 18""@-M%S +avin t3o common

connector! :u!in of a combined feeder net3ork; are a)ready avai)ab)e t+e

avai)abi)ity of inde$endent e)ectrica) do3nti)t! i! under di!cu!!ion. A)!o

tri,band antenna! 3it+ !e$arate out$ut! for -M%S,!ina)! are avai)ab)e.

%+e advantae of !e$arate antenna! i! t+at o$timi9ation of t+e GSM,

and t+e -M%S,net3ork by mec+anica) beam ti)tin or different

antenna confiuration! i! $o!!ib)e= 3+erea! for t+e combined

a$$roac+ t+i! abi)ity i! )imited. An e!timate of t+e number of

additiona) antenna! t+at cou)d be $ut on t+e antenna !ite !+ou)d be

iven. /n detai)= t+ree 0ue!tion! !+ou)d be an!3ered :!ee a)!o

>iure 22;?

1. <o3 many !ector!@antenna! are t+ere todayO

2. <o3 many additiona) !ector!@antenna! can be $ut onO

&. /! vertica) diver!ity :i.e. t3o $+y!ica) antenna! above or

beneat+ eac+ ot+er; for -M%S $o!!ib)eO

' >or a detai)ed de!cri$tion of S(C !ee A$$endix &.



1 9o man $ector$/antenna$ are t-ere toda

3 Sector$

1 antenna per $ector

2 9o man additional$ector$/antenna$ can #e pt on

: Sector$

3 $ "ertical di"er$it .or 56S po$$i#le

e$

;S5&antenna$

56S&antenna$

!dditional 56S&antenna$

!igure 55) *am-le antenna con(igurations

o3= move on to Ste$ to fina)i9e !ite a!!e!!ment.

Ste- <)

%+e )a!t 0ue!tion to be an!3ered i! 3+et+er additiona) feedercab)e! cou)d be in!ta))ed for eac+ !ector. %+i! i! im$ortant for

t3o rea!on!?

1. S(C need! additiona) feeder cab)e! for t+e !econd $+y!ica)

antenna :)oica))y antenna! & and '= !ince cro!!,$o)ari9ed

one! are a!!umed to be u!ed;.

2. M<A! cou)d a)!o be u!ed 3+en on)y one feeder net3ork i! in

$)ace +o3ever= t3o di$)exer! :one at t+e %(B,end and one at t+e

antenna; are re0uired $er feeder )ine= 3+ic+ increa!e t+e

)o!!e!.

Con!e0uent)y= if t+e an!3er i! Yes= S(C :if additiona) antenna!

cou)d be $ut on; cou)d be u!ed= 3+erea!= if t+e an!3er i! No= an

interated antenna !o)ution GSM@-M%S or di$)exer! to !e$arate t+e

!ina)! are t+e c+oice.

:.: stimation o( t/e num4er o( reusea4le sites in total

4a!ed on t+e re!u)t! of t+e 0ue!tionnaire t+e ex$ected $ortion of

reu!eab)e !ite! can be determined fo))o3in t+e exam$)e deci!ion

tree in >iure 2&. %+e e*am-le number! iven in b)ue !+ou)d bederived from t+e an!3er! to t+e 0ue!tion! in #art &.2.



!ll Site$

%a$eStation

< o. $ector$

=ogical antenna$ per $ector*

* 6o logical antenna$ cold relate to one p-$ical antenna in t-e ca$e o. a cro$$&polari>ed antenna

< o. .eeder netor$ per $ector

S-ared

1

1 2

2 2 4

3

1 2

2 2 4

:

1 2

2 2 4

edicated

1

1 2

2 2 4

3

1 2

2 2 4

:

1 2

2 2 4

100?100?100? 100? 100?100?:0?40?

80?

20?

0?0?

10? 70? 10?10? 80?

20? 80? 20? 80? 20? 80? 20? 80? 20? 80? 20?

:0? 40? :0? 40? :0? 40? :0? 40? :0? 40?

@ercentage per #ranc- 4? 1? 0? 28? 4? 3? 8? 1? 1? 4? 1? 0? 32? ? 3? 4? 1? 0?

E'(M)LE

!igure 5:) *am-le decision+tree (or t/e -ortion o( reusea4le sitesand t/eir con(igurations

%+i! tree !+ou)d be done for eac+ maor :$+y!ica); area of intere!t

in

P/ase 1) 4u!ine!! $)annin P fea!ibi)ity !tudy :ty$. forden!e urban= urban= !uburban= and rura) environment!;

P/ase 5 ,a(ter 4eing a license aarded) >or t+e area!3+ere ro))out of t+e -M%S,net3ork i! $)anned.

%+e )eve) of detai) and accuracy !+ou)d a)!o be adu!ted to t+e

need! of t+e !$ecific $+a!e.

:.; Process (or determining t/e amount o( reusea4le sites

Determinin t+e amount of reu!eab)e !ite! ba!ica))y con!i!t! of

t+ree !te$! :!ee a)!o >iure 2';?

Ste$ 1? Define t+e re0uirement! on t+e 0ue!tionnaire= !e)ect t+etaret rou$ to fi)) in t+e 0ue!tionnaire= define area! to be

eva)uated= and de!in t+e 0ue!tionnaire it!e)f.

Ste$ 2? Di!tribute 0ue!tionnaire to be com$)eted to taret rou$.

Su$$ort com$)etion by $rovidin a <e)$)ine,function in t+e

orani9ation.

Ste$ &? Eva)uate t+e 0ue!tionnaire! and come u$ 3it+ reu!abi)ity

and confiuration data.



Activities Ae.inition o. operator&$peci.ic re'irement$.or $ite re$ea#ilitit- t-e in"ol"eddepartment$ASelection o. targetgrop .or 'e$tionnaireAe.ine area$ to #ee"alatedAe$ign o. 'e$tionnaire (#ear inmind ea$ e"alation)

Consolidation of results

A+"alate t-e .illed&in'e$tionnaire$ACome p it- t-ere$ea#ilit andcon.igration data .or t-e$peci.c area

Completion of questionnaire

Ai$tri#tion o. 'e$tionnaire to targetgrop

A Site ac'i$itionA@lanning per$onnel

ACompletion o. 'e$tionnaire

Definition of requirements

o

Spacein %6S&e'(ipment locati o n )

Can e getmore $pace )

+c-angeo. e'(ipment it-o(trenegotiation$o. contract po$$i #le )

Can e p(tin addi tional antenna$)

e$

oe$

edicated;S5&%6S

e$

ed;S5&%6S/ed3;&%S

S-ared ;S5/3;&%6S

nan ca$e

S-ared antenna$SRC*/ed 3;& ante n n a po$$i#le

oe$

Can e p(tinadditional .eeder netor$)

n an ca$e

S-ared antenna$edicated/ S-ared antenna$

e $ o

+g +cel&Spread$-eet

!llSite$

%a$eStation

< o. $ector$

=ogical antenna$per $ector*

< o..eeder netor$per $ector

S-ared

1

1 2

2 2 4

3

1 2

2 2 4

:

1 2

2 2 4

edicated

1

1 2

2 2 4

3

1 2

2 2 4

:

1 2

2 2 4

100?100?100? 10 0? 100 ?100?:0 ? 4 0?

80?

20?

0?0?

10? 70? 10 ?10? 80 ?

2 0? 80 ? 20? 80? 20? 8 0? 2 0? 80 ? 2 0? 80 ? 2 0?

:0? 4 0? :0? 40? : 0? 40? :0? 40 ? :0? 40 ?

@ercentage per #ranc-

4? 1? 0? 28 ? 4? 3 ? 8? 1? 1? 4? 1 ? 0? 32 ? ? 3? 4? 1? 0?

!igure 5;) Process (or determining t/e amount o( reusea4le sites



;. "MPACT O! T#A!!"C D"ST#"$UT"ON ON #BU"#D SPCT#UM

;.1 Pur-ose

et3ork dimen!ionin a!!ume! t+at t+e !ub!criber di!tribution

3it+in a u!er,defined area i! uniform. /n rea),)ife= +o3ever=

traffic di!tribution 3it+in an area i! +i+)y non,uniform and

t+erefore +a! an im$act on t+e net3ork to$o)oy= 3+ic+ i! ne)ected

durin u!ua) dimen!ionin. Load !+arin= i.e. +i+er )oaded ce))!

can take more traffic !+are= if t+ey are !urrounded by )e!! )oaded

ce))!= mi+t $rovide +e)$ for certain !ituation!= but u!ua))y one

cannot a!!ume t+at +i+er )oaded ce))! are a)3ay! !urrounded by

)e!! )oaded ce))!.

%+i! document introduce! an a$$roac+ to 0uantify t+e non,uniformity

of t+e u!er di!tribution 3it+in an area and to uti)i9e t+i!

information for net3ork de!in= 3+ic+ i! ba!ica))y to e!timate t+e

number of ce))! needin one= t3o= or even t+ree WCDMA,%(B! :W%(B;.

4e!ide t+e a!!e!!ment of t+e number of W%(B! needed= t+e a$$roac+

i! a)!o !uitab)e to et an idea about t+e va)ue of 1 M<9,!$ectrum

aain!t 1",M<9 !$ectrum= 3+ic+ i! im$ortant for t+e o$erator

action! before and durin t+e )icen!in auctionin $+a!e.

;.5 Algorit/m

%+e idea of dimen!ionin a net3ork for varyin traffic

di!tribution! i! to combine t+e !trent+! of u!ua) net3orkdimen!ionin and data from exi!tin GSM,net3ork!. Hariou! ana)y!e!

of GSM,traffic +ave !+o3n t+at it can be mode)ed 3e)) a!

)oarit+mic norma) di!tributed= an a!!um$tion 3e a)!o bui)t u$on in

t+i! c+a$ter.



etermine tra..ic di$tri#tion.rom ei$ting ;S5&netor7

Con"ert tra..ic di$tri#tioninto $#$cri#er di$tri#tion

etermine ma nm#er o. $#$cri#er$ it-

A1 B6R per cellA2 B6R per cellA3 B6R per cell

etermine percentage o. cell$re'iring 1, 2, or 3 B6R

1

2

3

4

0,02

0,0:

0,1

0,14

&20 &18 &10 &8 0 8 10 18 20Traffic (in dBErl)

P D F ( N

u m b

e r o f C

e l l s )

MeasuredFitted

0,02

0,0:

0,1

0,14

0 8 10 18 20 28 30

ser densit! in dBsers"sq#m P D F ( N u m b e r o f C e l l s ) Measured

Fitted

...

0,02

0,0:

0,1

0,14

0 8 10 18 20 28 30ser densit! in dBsers"sq#m

P D F ( N u m b e r o f C e l l s )

1 B6R 2 B6R3 B6R

@ercentageo. cell$ it-1 B6R

@ercentageo. cell$ it-2 B6R

!igure 5<) Algorit/m (or dimensioning a netor (or 9ar3ing tra((icdistri4ution ,PD! F Pro4a4ilit3 Densit3 !unction

%+e a)orit+m $roceed! a! fo))o3! :!ee a)!o >iure 2;?

Ste$ 1? Determine t+e traffic di!tribution from t+e exi!tin GSM,

net3ork for t+e 3anted environment ty$e! :u!ua))y urban= !uburban=

rura);.

Ste$ 2? Convert t+e!e traffic di!tribution! into !ub!criber

di!tribution! :-!er! $er !0uare ki)ometer;. orma)i9e t+e area

under t+e di!tribution curve to one :Make it a #robabi)ity Den!ity

>unction :#D>;;.

Ste$ &? :can a)!o be done in $ara))e); Determine t+e maximum number

of u!er! for eac+ of t+e con!idered area ty$e! t+at can be !erved

by +avin

• 1 W%(B $er ce))? WTR' &$b!1

• 2 W%(B $er ce))? WTR' &$b!2

• & W%(B $er ce))? WTR' &$b!3

%+i! a!!ume! t+at eit+er a number of u!er! $er area or a number of

!ite!@ce))! $er area :3+ic+ cou)d be $art of t+e exi!tin

o$erator! GSM,!ite!; i! u!ed a! !tartin $oint.

Ca)cu)ate t+e maximum number of !ub!criber! $er !0uare ki)ometer

for t+e t+ree t+re!+o)d! iven above for t+e corre!$ondin area



ty$e :e.. 1,1,1 /11

(ea&$b!&den! (eaWTR' (eaWTR' = =

1,2,2 /11

(ea&$b!&den! (eaWTR' (eaWTR' = = 1,3,3 /11

(ea&$b!&den! (eaWTR' (eaWTR' = ;.

Ste$ '? o3= take t+e !ub!criber di!tribution! from Ste$ 2 and dra3

vertica) )ine! at t+e $oint! for t+e ca)cu)ated maximum !ub!criber

den!ity number! :1,1 (eaWTR' &den! =

1,2 (eaWTR' &den! =1,3 (eaWTR' &den! ;. %+e

$ercentae of ce))! +avin a !$ecific number of W%(B are ca)cu)ated

a! fo))o3!

• 1 W%(B? Area under t+e curve from t+e oriin

u$ to t+e vertica) )ine at1,1 (eaWTR' &den!

•

2 W%(B? Area under t+e curve from1,1 (eaWTR' &den! to

1,2 (eaWTR' &den! .

• & W%(B? Area under t+e curve from

1,2 (eaWTR' &den! to1,3 (eaWTR' &den! . /f t+ere i!

!ti)) con!iderab)e area under t+e curve

beyond t+e1,3 (eaWTR' &den! ,)ine= t+en

obviou!)y more ce))! are needed in !$ecific

area!. ote t+at $art of t+e traffic above a

boundary can a)!o be !erved by uti)i9in !oft

b)ockin.

%+e number of ce))! +avin 1= 2= or & W%(B i! no3 ca)cu)ated by

mu)ti$)yin t+e $ercentae! 3it+ t+e ab!o)ute number of ce))!

determined durin net3ork dimen!ionin.

;.: Tra((ic and user distri4utions

%raffic di!tribution! for an exi!tin GSM,net3ork can be acce!!ed

ea!i)y via t+e MS :et3ork Manaement Sy!tem;. >or t+e $ur$o!e of

t+e ana)y!i! in t+i! document t+e traffic di!tribution! are

determined !e$arate)y for t+e con!idered area ty$e! :e.. urban=

!uburban= and rura);.

%+e!e traffic di!tribution! can be fitted 3e)) by a )o,norma)

di!tribution= i.e. t+e )oarit+m of t+e traffic fo))o3! a Gau!!ian

norma) di!tribution.

/n mat+ematica) term! t+i! Gau!!ian norma) di!tribution i!

de!cribed by

−−=

2

2

1ep

2

1)(

σ

µ

σ π

T T T p =

3+ere )(T p i! t+e $robabi)ity t+at a traffic of amount T i!covered by certain ce))! in t+e net3ork= )(log10 10

# T = i! t+e traffic

in d4Er)an! :3it+ # bein t+e traffic in Er)an!;= ep() i! t+e



ex$onentia) function= σ bein t+e !tandard deviation of t+e

traffic :in d4;= andT µ t+e mean va)ue of t+e traffic :in d4Er);.

Exam$)e va)ue! forT

µ and σ are iven in %ab)e . >iure 26 !+o3!

t+e corre!$ondin mea!ured and fitted traffic di!tribution!.

Ta4le E) Mean 9alues and standard de9iations (or t3-ical su4scri4erdistri4utions

Area ty$e T ,ind$rl

,in d$

-rban =1 2=*

Suburban '=8 2=*

(ura) '=& &=

0800

0805

0810

0815

0819

620 615 610 65 0 5 10 15 20

Traffic (in dBErl)

P D F ( N u m b e r o f c e l l s )

0

0805

0810

0814

620 615 610 65 0 5 10 15 20

Traffic (in dBErl)

P D F ( N u m b e r o f C e l l s )

$ural Arearban Area

!igure 5=) Measured and (itted tra((ic distri4utions (or ur4an andrural areas

%+e )o,norma) di!tribution of t+e traffic can be converted into a

)o,norma) di!tribution of t+e !ub!criber den!ity under t+e

a!!um$tion t+at each subscriber in the considered area has the same

(mean) air interface occupancy :3+ic+ i! a)!o u!ed for net3ork

$)annin;. %+i!= +o3ever= i! va)id in every net3ork= !ince one

a)3ay! can de!cribe a rou$ +avin a varyin traffic be+avior by

t+e mean va)ue.

%+i! enab)e! u! to convert traffic to !ub!criber fiure! andkee$in t+e !+a$e of t+e )o,norma) di!tribution. /t a)!o invo)ve!

a ne3 mean va)ue for t+e !ub!criber di!tribution ca))ed &$b! µ =

3+ic+ !+ou)d be identica) to t+e o$erator! number of !ub!criber!

in t+at area. %+e !tandard deviation σ remain! unc+aned.

4y dividin t+e mean va)ue &$b! µ by t+e area !i9e= 3e arrive at t+e

mean va)ue 2/ km&$b! µ for t+e number of !ub!criber! $er !0uare

ki)ometer. Aain= σ i! )eft unc+aned. %+i! i! t+e actua)

!ub!criber di!tribution $er !0uare ki)ometer.

%+i! di!tribution can be !+ifted accordin to t+e o$erator!!ub!criber foreca!t for -M%S and u!ed a! in$ut for furt+er

ana)y!i!.

Discussion



%+e one and on)y a!!um$tion u!ed in t+i! ana)y!i! i! t+e !tatement

t+at each subscriber in the considered area has the same (mean) air

interface occupancy, a! !tated above. o more a!!um$tion! enter t+eiven derivation.

W+en a$$)yin t+i! #D> for t+e !ub!criber den!ity to -M%S one mi+t

arue t+at $rob)em! ari!e due to t3o rea!on!

1. -M%S traffic i! voice P data,traffic 3+i)e GSM,traffic

u$ to no3 i! about I,voice,traffic on)y.

2. %+e !ub!criber di!tribution in !$ace for -M%S mi+t

differ con!iderab)y from t+e !ub!criber di!tribution

in !$ace for GSM

We dea) 3it+ t+o!e i!!ue! a! fo))o3!

ad 1. %raffic content of -M%S and GSM 3i)) c)ear)y be

different. <o3ever= t+e introduced #D> refer! on)y to

!ub!criber den!ity di!tribution= t+erefore it! !tay!

va)id. %+i! 3a! a)!o t+e rea!on 3+y to convert t+e

traffic into !ub!criber den!ityQ <o3ever= t+e number of

u!er! $er !0uare ki)ometer !erved by -M%S c)ear)y de$end!

on t+e traffic mix= t+e ce)) )oadin= and t+e $ro$aation

condition!. %+i!= +o3ever= come! into $)ay 3it+ t+e

maximum !ub!criber number! : WTR' &$b!1 = WTR' &$b!2 = WTR' &$b!3 ;

determined by net3ork dimen!ionin= i.e. t+eir va)ue! are

of cour!e de$endent on t+e t+ree $arameter! :traffic mix=

ce)) )oadin= $ro$aation condition!; iven above.

ad 2. A)!o t+i! arument may +o)d true= but t+e a$$roac+

$re!ented +ere doe! not bui)d u$on t+e re0uirement t+at

t+e !ub!criber di!tribution! are identica) for -M%S and

GSM= but it bui)d! u$on t+e a!!um$tion t+at for t+e

con!idered area t+e traffic di!tribution 3i)) aain be

)o,norma) 3it+ t+e !ame !tandard deviation= inde$endent

of t+e $+y!ica) )ocation! of !$ecific traffic va)ue!

3it+in t+at area.

;.; Netor dimensioning it/ NetDim

et3ork dimen!ionin 3it+ etDim i! done a! u!ua) !tartin from

iven traffic $rofi)e! $er !ub!criber= number of !ub!criber! or

number of 4S,!ite!. -!in t+e!e va)ue! a! in$ut= a net3ork i!

dimen!ioned.

ee$in t+e to$o)oy of t+e net3ork and increa!in@decrea!in t+e

number of !ub!criber! unti)

• eac+ ce)) contain! 1 W%(B and t+e actua) ce))

rane e0ua)! t+e maximum ce)) rane

• eac+ ce)) contain! 2 W%(B and t+e actua) ce))




• eac+ ce)) contain! & W%(B and t+e actua) ce))


ive! t+e 0uantitie! WTR' &$b!1 = WTR' &$b!2 = WTR'

&$b!3 3+ic+ are divided

by t+e con!idered area to ive1,1 (eaWTR' &den! =

1,2 (eaWTR' &den! =

1,3 (eaWTR' &den! .

%+e determined 0uantitie! are va)id on)y for !$ecific

• traffic $rofi)e

• air interface )oad

• $ro$aation condition!

i.e. t+ey need to be reca)cu)ated for eac+ c+ane in one of t+e!e

t+ree 0uantitie!.

;.< *am-le

<ere an exam$)e ca)cu)ation ca!e for t+e con!idered urban and rura)

area i! iven. >or detai)ed $arameter! of t+i! !cenario !ee C+a$ter

.2.

%+e boundary condition for t+i! exam$)e i! to kee$ t+e number of

-M%S,!ite! e0ua) to t+e number of GSM,!ite! in t+e exi!tin net3ork:t+e Base Case;.

%ab)e 1" ive! t+e maximum number of !ub!criber! t+at can be !erved

by uti)i9in one@t3o W%(B $er ce)) for t+e urban and t+e rura)

environment.

Ta4le 10) Ma*imum num4er o( su4scri4ers 9ersus num4er o( 6T#& (orur4an and rural areas

Ur4an area #ural area

Maximum number of

!ub!criber! $er km2

for

Maximum number of

!ub!criber! $er km2

for

Scenario 1 W%(B 2 W%(B 1 W%(B 2 W%(B

Lo3 a!ymmetry *22=* 188&= 21=2 =8

Medium

a!ymmetry

68&=1 1**=' 2"=1 2=8

<i+

a!ymmetry

62&=8 16*&= 18= '8=*

%+e number! are +i+er for urban environment :+o3ever= on t+e ot+er

+and= 3it+ !ma))er ce))!; t+an for rura) environment. A!!umin t+e

!tandard deviation! for t+e !ub!criber den!ity di!tribution! to bet+e one iven in %ab)e = %ab)e 11 and %ab)e 12 ive t+e $ercentae

of ce))! needin one= t3o= or t+ree W%(B de$endent on t+e mean

number of !ub!criber! $er !0uare ki)ometer for t+e medium a!ymmetry

!cenario.



Ta4le 11) Percentage o( cells in ur4an area needing 1> 5> or : 6T#&9ersus t/e mean num4er o( su4scri4ers -er suare ilometer – Ur4an Area Mean num4er o(su4scri4ers -er suareilometer

Percentage o( cellsneeding

1 6T#& 5 6T#& : 6T#&

" = "=1 "="

1"" *=8 2=2 "="

2" 8&=8 16=" "=2"" 68=& 2= 2=1

1""" '"= '2=* 16='

Ta4le 15) Percentage o( cells in rural area needing 1> 5> or : 6T#&9ersus t/e mean num4er o( su4scri4ers -er suare ilometer – #ural Area Mean num4er o(su4scri4ers -er suareilometer

Percentage o( cellsneeding

1 6T#& 5 6T#& :

6T#& '=& =& "='

1" 86=* 11=6 1=8

2" 6=6 22= *=

&" &= &"=& 16=2

" &"=1 &'=2 &=*

%+e !ame number! are vi!ua)i9ed in >iure 2*.

3 B6RC1 B6RC 2 B6RC

%%&% %'&&

*&

+,&%

,&- .&.-*&,

.%&/

+.&'

,&. .&--*&+

/, -,, ./, /,, -,,,

%+& *&'*%&*

/&/

,&-

/& --&*

..&%

,&

+&.

,&+ -&'&/

-*&./&'

/ -, ., , /,

-,,0 -,,0 -,,0 -,,0 -,,0 -,,0 -,,0 -,,0 -,,0 -,,0

5ean nm#er o. $er$ per m2

P e r c e n t a 1 e o f c e l l s n e e d i n 1

- & . & o r 2 T $ 3

5ean nm#er o. $er$ per m2

Dense urban"urban area



!igure 5?) Percentage o( cells in ur4an and rural area needing 1>5> or : 6T#& 9ersus t/e mean num4er o( su4scri4ers -er suare

ilometer



<. NT6O#7 D"MNS"ON"NG &#C"S

<.1 Pur-ose

%+i! c+a$ter i! devoted to dimen!ionin of a WCDMA,net3ork for a

met9ro$o)itan@rura) area. %+e oa) i! to !+o3

• W+at can be ac+ieved by kee$in t+e number of 4S !ite! t+e !ame

a! in today! GSM,18"" net3ork

• <o3 a net3ork offerin certain !ervice! and u!er data rate!

:e.. &8' kbit@!; need! to be dimen!ioned

•

W+at inf)uence coverae and ca$acity im$rovement! )ike M<A!:Ma!t <ead Am$)ifier;= ',3ay u$)ink rece$tion diver!ity= S(C

:Smart radio conce$t ',3ay u$)ink diver!ity= ',3ay do3n)ink

tran!mi!!ion diver!ity;= different 4S $o3er= 6,!ector !ite!= and

5 !ince a)) t+e!e im$rovement! cannot be u!ed at every !ite 5 a

certain mix of t+e above mentioned im$rovement!= +ave on t+e

net3ork to$o)oy.

<.5 $asic "n-ut

%+e con!idered area +a! a tota) !i9e of &1"2 km2 3it+ t+e area

ty$e! and !i9e! of t+e!e ty$e! a! iven in %ab)e 1&.

Ta4le 1:) Area t3-es and sies o( t/e considered area

Area t3-e Sie ,inm 5

Den!e

urban@-rban

81

Suburban &1&

(ura) 2*"8

Total :105

%+e different c)utter c)a!!e! and t+eir di!tribution 3it+in t+e

t+ree area ty$e! are found in %ab)e 1'.Ta4le 1;) Distri4ution o( clutter classes it/in t/e t/ree area

t3-es

Percentage o( clutter class Area t3-e Dense

Ur4anUr4an

Su4+ur4an

!orest

O-en Buasi+O-en

6ater

"ndus+trial

Den!e

urban@-rban

8 '" :1 1 ' 1 1"

Suburban , 1 8 2 ' 1" , *(ura) , 1 ' 2* & 61 & 1



%+i! area i! current)y covered by 26& GSM,18"" ba!e !tation! 3it+

t+e area !$)it a! iven in %ab)e 1.



Ta4le 1<) Num4er o( GSM+1@00 sites (or t/e area t3-es in t/e

considered area

Area t3-e Num4er o(sites

Den!e

urban@-rban

**

Suburban 1"

(ura) **

Total 5=:

%+e coverae t+re!+o)d! taken from t+e oerator! GSM,18"" net3ork

$)annin are iven in %ab)e 16.

Ta4le 1=) Co9erage t/res/olds (or t/e e*isting GSM+1@00 netor

Area t3-e Co9eraget/res/old ,ind$m

Den!e

urban@-rban

,*

Suburban ,81

(ura) ,2

<.: Model+Cali4ration – Dimensioning o( t/e e*isting GSM 1@00+netor

%o obtain dimen!ionin re!u)t! 3+ic+ fit t+e rea)ity a mode)ca)ibration for t+e u!ed dimen!ionin too) i! done fir!t by re,

ca)cu)ation of t+e exi!tin GSM,18"" net3ork in t+e area under

con!ideration. %3o 0uantitie! from t+e o$erator! net3ork are

a!!umed a! in$ut

• umber of !ite! :in tota) and for t+e different area

ty$e!;

• Coverae t+re!+o)d! for t+e t+ree area ty$e!

%+e area )ocation $robabi)ity and t+e area correction factor! 3ere

taken a! variab)e! and u!ed for mode) tunin. %ab)e 1* and %ab)e 18 ive t+e re!u)t! for t+e area correction factor! and t+e )ocation

$robabi)itie!.



Ta4le 1?) Area correction (actors used in netor dimensioning

Clutterclass Areacorrection(actor ,ind$

Den!e

urban

&

-rban 1

Suburban ,&

>ore!t ,1"

$en ,1

7ua!i,

$en

,1'

Water ,2"

/ndu!tri

a)

,*

Ta4le 1@) Co9erage t/res/olds and location -ro4a4ilities used indimensioning

Area t3-e Co9eraget/res/old ,ind$m

%ocation -ro4a4ilit3,in H

Criterion (orloca+tion -ro4a4ilit3

Den!e

urban@

-rban

,* & /ndoor

Suburban ,81 88 /ndoor

(ura) ,2 8& /n car

A)t+ou+ t+e area correction factor! and t+e )ocation $robabi)itie!

u!ed for dimen!ionin mi+t be !)i+t)y different from t+e one!

u!ed for $)annin of t+e rea) net3ork= t+ey do re!u)t in com$arab)e

fadin marin!= and t+u!= t+e number of !ite! and t+e coverae

t+re!+o)d! are t+e !ame. !+o3! t+e area!= t+e corre!$ondin number

of GSM,18"" !ite!= and t+e number of GSM,18"" !ite! determined by

etDim.



''-,0

-,'0

''

Area ditri;ution.in -<*in %

&u*;er of eEiting ?SM619006ite

E4istin1 56M7-,, net8or#

-,.

0

.*.

en$e r#an/r#an S#r#an Rral

'/

-,

00

&u*;er of

&et"i*6ite

.*,

Dimensionin1 result

!igure 5@) Area sies and num4er o( e*isting GSM+1@00 and NetDim+,GSM+1@00 sites. Site num4ers agree ell.

<.; 6CDMA dimensioning – $ase Case

4a!ed on t+i! ca)ibration t+e dimen!ionin of a WCDMA,net3ork for

area i! bein done. -n)e!! mentioned ot+er3i!e= a)) in$ut

$arameter! and e0ui$ment c+aracteri!tic! !tay t+e !ame a! !tated

before in t+i! !ection and in C+a$ter 2.

%3o !cenario! +ave been con!idered t+rou+out t+i! dimen!ionin

exerci!e

1. Area coverage ith !"" #bit$s% %+e )ocation

$robabi)ity for &8' kbit@! i! 2"I :indoor! for den!e

urban@urban@!uburban in,car for rura) area;= 3+erea!

t+e )ocation $robabi)itie! for a)) !ervice! inc)udin

1'' kbit@! are t+e one! !tated in %ab)e 18. %+i! !$)it

+a! been done in order not to exceed t+e number of

exi!tin !ite!.

2. Area coverage ith &'" #bit$s% %+e )ocation

$robabi)itie! for a)) !ervice! are taken from %ab)e

18. %+i! im$)ie! t+at &8' kbit@!,coverae i! t+e !ame

a! today! GSM,18"" !$eec+ coverae.

.'.1 4a!e Ca!e

uipment Characteristics

• %+e !ame a! for t+e eneric dimen!ionin :4S !ite! +avin &

!ector! eac+ and an antenna ain of 1*d4i;= exce$t

• oi!e fiure of 4S R ' d4 :/A -)traSite a)t+ou+

!$ecification! re0uire d4 on)y;. %+i! 3a! nece!!ary ion ordernot to exceed t+e number of exi!tin !ite!. >or a)) re!u)t!

iven in t+e !e0ue) a noi!e fiure of 'd4 +a! been a!!umed.

%+ere i! no automatic re)ation bet3een t+e!e t3o 0uantitie!.



*esults

>iure 2 !+o3! t+e !ub!criber den!ity ver!u! t+e number of !ite!

for t+e +i+ a!ymmetry !cenario for urban area. %+e va)ue for t+e

!ub!criber den!ity i! t+e maximum= 3+ic+ can be !erved by 1 W%(B

$er ce)).

0

2 000

4 000

# 000

9 000

10 000

12 000

0 50 100 150 200 250

Nuber o1 si&es

S u b s c r i b e

r s / s 2 k

pin<8 144 <;it

pin<8 394 <;it

"ownin<

!igure 5E) #elation o( su4scri4er densit3 and num4er o( sites (or1;; 4it8s and :@; 4it8s (or t/e /ig/ as3mmetr3 scenario (or ur4anarea

%+e u$)ink,curve! for 1'' kbit@! and &8' kbit@! differ= becau!e t+e

a))o3ed $at+)o!!e! are different :)o3er $roce!!in ain for &8'

kbit@! a! com$ared to 1'' kbit@!;. %+e do3n)ink curve! are e0ua)

becau!e t+ey are determined by t+e maximum out$ut $o3er of t+e 4S

on)y :and not by t+e ty$e of !ervice;= 3+ere a)) !ervice! are

tran!mitted in!tantaneou!)y :!ee a)!o C+a$ter 2;.

%+e curve! are to be read a! fo))o3!?

• +ption !% A!!ume a iven !ub!criber den!ity :va)ue on

t+e y,axi!;. 4a!ed on t+i! !ub!criber den!ity t+e

number of !ite! can be determined for 1'' kbit@! :for

u$)ink and do3n)ink; and for &8' kbit@! :for u$)ink

and do3n)ink;. >or eac+ !ervice :1'' kbit@! &8'

kbit@!; t+e +i+er number of !ite! :u$)ink or

do3n)ink; count! a! t+e re0uired number of !ite!.

ample% >or a !ub!criber den!ity of 2 """ !ub!@km2 t+e

number of !ite! fo))o3! a!

• !"" #bit$s% -L,)imit? 88 !ite! DL,

)imit? 88 !ite!. *esult% 88 !ite!are needed



• &'" #bit$s% -L,)imit? 1&* !ite!

DL,)imit? 88 !ite!. *esult% 1&*

!ite! are needed

• +ption -% A!!ume a iven !ite number. 4a!ed on t+e

curve! t+e !ub!criber den!ity for t+e !ervice! :1''

kbit@!= -L and DL &8' kbit@! -L and DL; can be

determined. <ere t+e )o3er number of !ub!criber!@km2

$er !ervice count! a! t+e )imit.

%+e!e curve! can be u!ed for 0uick dimen!ionin of a net3ork for a

iven !ub!criber den!ity fiure. %+e numerica) va)ue! for a))

!cenario! :)o3= medium= and +i+ a!ymmetry; and area ty$e! can be

found in A$$endix .

%ab)e 1 ive! a com$ari!on of t+e WCDMA ba!e ca!e 3it+ t+e

exi!tin net3ork for GSM,18"". 4a!ed on t+e iven number of !ite!

fu)) area coverae 3it+ &8' kbit@! cannot be ac+ieved 3it+ t+e

e0ui$ment +avin t+e c+aracteri!tic! a! iven above. /f &8' kbit@!,

!ervice! are to be offered 3it+ t+e !ame 7oS :7ua)ity f Service;

t+an 1'' kbit@! ,!ervice! t+e number of !ite! need! to increa!e by

about 6"I.

Ta4le 1E) Su4scri4er densities and num4er o( sites (or t/edi((erent area t3-es

Areat3-e Num4ero(GSM+1@00sites

Datarate,in4it8s

Num4ero(su4scri4ers8sm

Num4er o(sites–Base

Case

Percentageo( sitenum4ersa9ings9s. Std.Con(ig.

Percentageo( siteincrease(oro((ering:@; 4it8s

Den!e

urban@

-rban

** 1'' 62' *8 , ,

Suburb

an

1" 1'' 22* 1" , ,

(ura) ** 1'' 18= ** , ,

Den!eurban@

-rban

** &8' 62' 12' , I

Suburb

an

1" &8' 22* 1* , 61I

(ura) ** &8' 18= 12& , 6"I

.'.2 Ma!t,<ead Am$)ifier!

/n t+i! !ection Ma!t <ead Am$)ifier! :M<A; are introduced=

ot+er3i!e t+e e0ui$ment c+aracteri!tic! from t+e ba!e ca!e do notc+ane.




• %+e !ame a! for t+e eneric dimen!ionin= exce$t

•oi!e fiure of 4S R ' d4 :/A -)traSite a)t+ou+!$ecification! re0uire d4 on)y;

• M<A! to com$en!ate t+e feeder cab)e )o!!e! :& d4; in t+e u$)ink.

*esults

>iure &" !+o3! t+e !ub!criber den!ity ver!u! t+e number of !ite!

for t+e +i+ a!ymmetry !cenario for bot+ t+e ba!e ca!e and t+e ca!e

3it+ M<A! for urban area. %+e va)ue for t+e !ub!criber den!ity i!

t+e maximum= 3+ic+ can be !erved by 1 W%(B $er ce)). %+e -L,curve!

move to t+e )eft= i.e. )e!! !ite! are needed for !ervin t+e !ame

amount of !ub!criber! $er !0uare ki)ometer. Due to t+e im$rovement!in u$)ink= t+e do3n)ink i! ettin t+e )imitin factor ear)ier :!ee

a)!o c+a$ter 2.'.2;= t+erefore t+e do3n)ink curve move! !)i+t)y

do3n.

0

2 000

4 000

# 000

9 000

10 000

12 000

0 50 100 150 200 250

Nuber o1 si&es

S u b s c r i b e r s / s 2 k "ownin<

pin<8 144 <;it

pin<8 394 <;itMHA8 "ownin<

MHA8 pin< 144 <;it

MHA8 pin< 394 <;it

!igure :0) #elation o( su4scri4er densit3 and num4er o( sites (or1;; 4it8s and :@; 4it8s (or t/e /ig/ as3mmetr3 scenario ,(or 4asecase and t/e case it/ M2A (or ur4an area

%ab)e 2" ive! a com$ari!on of t+e M<A,ca!e 3it+ t+e ba!e ca!e from

above. %+e number of !ite! for area coverae of 1'' kbit@! or &8'

kbit@! i! about one t+ird )e!! t+an for t+e ba!e ca!e. Sti))= fu)),

area coverae 3it+ &8' kbit@! cannot be reac+ed 3it+ t+e number of

exi!tin !ite!.

W+en u!in M<A! t+e number of !ite! re0uired for fu)),area coverae

3it+ &8' kbit@!,!ervice! a! com$ared to fu)),area coverae 3it+ 1''

kbit@! ,!ervice! increa!e! aain by about 6"I.

Com$ared to t+e exi!tin GSM,18"" net3ork about 11I more !ite! are

needed for fu)),area coverae 3it+ &8' kbit@!.



Ta4le 50) Su4scri4er densities and num4er o( sites (or t/edi((erent area t3-es

Areat3-e

Num4ero(sites– Base

Case

Datarate,in4it8s


Num4er o(sites–with

MHA

Percentageo( sitenum4ersa9ings9s. Std.Con(ig.


Den!e

urban@

-rban

*8 1'' 62' 2I ,

Suburb

an

1" 1'' 22* *6 &"I ,

(ura) ** 1'' 18= ' &"I ,

Den!e

urban@

-rban

12' &8' 62' 86 &1I 6I

Suburb

an

1* &8' 22* 121 &1I I

(ura) 12& &8' 18= 8 &1I *I

<.< 6CDMA dimensioning – General Case

%+i! !ection dea)! 3it+ a !cenario !tartin from a net3ork for t+e

con!idered area= 3+ic+ i! de!ined for a do3n)ink )oad :3it+out

contro) c+anne)!; of 8"I. %+i! i! t+e on)y difference to t+e ba!e

ca!e= +o3ever= t+i! a)!o mean! t+at t+e corre!$ondin u$)ink )oad!

3i)) be +i+er :around "I;. W+en )ookin onto >iure &" and >iure

&1 one reconi9e! t+at t+e DL,curve i! +i+er :i.e. can !erve more

!ub!criber! 3it+ t+e !ame number of !ite! 3+en DL,)imited; for t+e

net3ork de!ined for 8"I DL,)oad.

..1 Standard Confiuration

%+i! !cenario !erve! a! a reference ca!e for furt+er dimen!ionin.


• %+e !ame a! for t+e ba!e ca!e.

*esults

>iure &1 !+o3! t+e !ub!criber den!ity ver!u! t+e number of !ite!

for t+e +i+ a!ymmetry !cenario for urban area. %+e va)ue for t+e


$er ce)).



0

2 000

4 000

# 000

9 000

10 000

12 000

0 50 100 150 200 250

Nuber o1 si&es

S u b s c r i b e r s / s 2 k

"ownin<

pin<8 144 <;it

pin<8 394 <;it

!igure :1) #elation o( su4scri4er densit3 and num4er o( sites (or1;; 74it8s and :@; 4it8s (or t/e /ig/ as3mmetr3 scenario (or ur4anarea

%+e numerica) va)ue! for a)) !cenario! :)o3= medium= and +i+

a!ymmetry; and area ty$e! can be found in A$$endix .

%ab)e 21 ive! a com$ari!on of t+e WCDMA !tandard confiuration

3it+ t+e exi!tin net3ork for GSM,18"". 4a!ed on t+e iven number

of !ite! fu)) area coverae 3it+ &8' kbit@! cannot be ac+ieved 3it+t+e e0ui$ment +avin t+e c+aracteri!tic! a! iven above. /f &8'

kbit@!,!ervice! are to be offered 3it+ t+e !ame 7oS :7ua)ity f

Service; t+an 1'' kbit@! ,!ervice! t+e number of !ite! need! to

increa!e aain by about 6"I.


Area

t3-e

Num4er

o(GSM+1@00sites

Data

rate,in4it8s

Num4er

o(su4scri4ers8sm

Num4e

r o(sites–Std.

confi

g.

Percentage

o( sitenum4ersa9ings9s. Std.Con(ig.

Percentage

o( siteincrease(oro((ering:@; 4it8s

Den!e

urban@

-rban

** 1'' 62' *' , ,

Suburb

an

1" 1'' 22* 1"6 , ,

(ura) ** 1'' 18= *' , ,

Den!eurban@

-rban

** &8' 62' 122 , 6I

Suburb 1" &8' 22* 1*2 , 62I



an

(ura) ** &8' 18= 12" , 62I

..2 Ma!t,<ead Am$)ifier!

/n t+i! !ection Ma!t <ead Am$)ifier! :M<A; are introduced=

ot+er3i!e t+e e0ui$ment c+aracteri!tic! from t+e !tandard

confiuration do not c+ane.


• %+e !ame a! for t+e !tandard confiuration= exce$t


*esults

>iure &2 !+o3! t+e !ub!criber den!ity ver!u! t+e number of !ite!

for t+e +i+ a!ymmetry !cenario for bot+ t+e !tandard confiuration

and t+e ca!e 3it+ M<A! for urban area. %+e va)ue for t+e !ub!criber

den!ity i! t+e maximum= 3+ic+ can be !erved by 1 W%(B $er ce)). %+e

-L,curve! move to t+e )eft= i.e. )e!! !ite! are needed for !ervin

t+e !ame amount of !ub!criber! $er !0uare ki)ometer 3+en bein

u$)ink,)imited.

0

2 000

4 000

# 000

9 000

10 000

12 000

0 50 100 150 200 250

Nuber o1 si&es


StdD Configuration8"ownin<

StdD Configuration8pin< 144 <;it


MHA8 "ownin<

MHA8 pin< 144 <;it

MHA8 pin< 394 <;it

!igure :5) #elation o( su4scri4er densit3 and num4er o( sites (or1;; 4it8s and :@; 4it8s (or t/e /ig/ as3mmetr3 scenario ,(orstandard con(iguration and t/e case it/ M2A (or ur4an area



%ab)e 22 ive! a com$ari!on of t+e M<A,ca!e 3it+ t+e !tandard

confiuration from above. %+e number of !ite! for area coverae of



1'' kbit@! or &8' kbit@! i! about one t+ird )e!! t+an for t+e ba!e

ca!e. Sti))= fu)),area coverae 3it+ &8' kbit@! cannot be reac+ed

3it+ t+e number of exi!tin !ite!.

W+en u!in M<A! t+e number of !ite! re0uired for fu)),area coverae

3it+ &8' kbit@!,!ervice! a! com$ared to fu)),area coverae 3it+ 1''

kbit@! ,!ervice! increa!e! aain by 6"I.




Area

t3-e

Num4er

o(sites– Std.

Config

.

Data

rate,in4it8s

Num4er

o(su4scri4ers8sm

Num4e

r o(sites–with

MHA

Percentage

o( sitenum4ersa9ings9s. Std.Con(ig.

Percentage

o( siteincrease(oro((ering:@; 4it8s

Den!e

urban@

-rban

*' 1'' 62' 2 &"I ,

Suburb

an

1"6 1'' 22* *' &"I ,

(ura) *' 1'' 18= 2 &"I ,

Den!eurban@

-rban

122 &8' 62' 8& &2I 6"I

Suburb

an

1*2 &8' 22* 11* &2I 8I

(ura) 12" &8' 18= 8& &1I 6"I

..& Six,Sector !ite!

/n t+i! !ection !ix !ector !ite! are introduced= ot+er3i!e t+e

e0ui$ment c+aracteri!tic! from t+e !tandard confiuration do not

c+ane.



• Six,!ector !ite!. %+i! mean!

• +i+er antenna ain! :2" d4 for 6,!ector !ite! in!tead of 1*d4

for &,!ector !ite!;

• more interference from@to ot+er ce))! :8I for 6,!ector !ite!

in!tead of 6I for &,!ector !ite!;

• increa!ed !oft,+andover over+ead! :'I for 6,!ector !ite!

in!tead of '"I for &,!ector !ite!;



*esults

>iure && !+o3! t+e !ub!criber den!ity ver!u! t+e number of !ite!


uti)i9in !ix,!ector !ite! for urban area. %+e va)ue for t+e


$er ce)). 4ot+ t+e -L, and t+e DL,curve move remarkab)y to t+e )eft

and u$.

0

2 000

4 000

# 000

9 000

10 000

12 000

0 50 100 150 200 250

Nuber o1 si&es

S u b s c r i b e r s / s 2

k




SiE6e$tor ite8"ownin<

SiE6e$tor ite8 pin<144 <;it

SiE6e$tor ite8 pin<394 <;it

!igure ::) #elation o( su4scri4er densit3 and num4er o( sites (or1;; 74it8s and :@; 4it8s (or t/e /ig/ as3mmetr3 scenario ,(or 4asecase and si*+sector sites (or ur4an area



%ab)e 2& ive! a com$ari!on of !ix,!ector !ite! 3it+ t+e !tandard

confiuration. %+e number of !ite! for area coverae of 1'' kbit@!

or &8' kbit@! i! around "I )e!! t+an for t+e !tandard

confiuration.

>u)),area coverae 3it+ &8' kbit@! can be reac+ed 3it+ )e!! t+an

t+e exi!tin number of !ite!= on)y 8"I of t+e exi!tin !ite

)ocation! are needed.

W+en u!in !ix,!ector !ite! t+e number of !ite! re0uired for fu)),

area coverae 3it+ &8' kbit@!,!ervice! a! com$ared to fu)),area

coverae 3it+ 1'' kbit@! ,!ervice! increa!e! aain by about 6"I.

Ta4le 5:) Su4scri4er densities and num4er o( sites (or t/edi((erent area t3-es

Areat3-e

Num4ero(sites– Std.

Datarate,in4it8s

Num4ero(su4scri4ers8

Num4er o(sites–

Percentageo( sitenum4ersa9ings

Percentageo( siteincrease(or



Config

.

sm with

six-

secto r

sites

9s. Std.Con(ig.

o((ering:@; 4it8s

Den!e

urban@

-rban

*' 1'' 62' &* "I ,

Suburb

an

1"6 1'' 22* ' "I ,

(ura) *' 1'' 18= & &I ,

Den!e

urban@

-rban

122 &8' 62' 62 'I 68I

Suburban

1*2 &8' 22* 8 1I *I

(ura) 12" &8' 18= 62 '8I **I

..' S(C in t+e u$)ink

-!ua))y= mobi)e communication !y!tem! uti)i9e t3o,3ay u$)ink

rece$tion :!$ace or $o)ari9ation; diver!ity. okia! S(C :Smart

(adio Conce$t; offer! t+e o$$ortunity to even em$)oy ',3ay u$)ink

rece$tion diver!ity to brin t+e u$)ink c)o!er to t+e do3n)ink.


• %+e !ame a! for t+e !tandard confiuration :&,!ectored !ite!;

• (educed 4S ob N E / ,va)ue! a! com$ared to 2,3ay u$)ink rece$tion

diver!ity :!ee %ab)e 2';.

Ta4le 5;) $S 48No+9alues (or 5+ and ;+a3 u-lin rece-tiondi9ersit3

Ser9ice t3-e $S 48No – 5+ a3 U%

di9ersit3 ,ind$

$S 48No – S#Cin t/e U% ,in

d$

12=2 kb$! voice

5 MS !$eed &

km@+

'=" 2="

(%,data 1'

kbit@!

'=" 2="

(%,data 6'

kbit@!

2=" "="

(%,data 6'

kbit@!

2=" "="

(%,data 1''

kbit@!

1= ,1="

(%,data &8'

kbit@!

1=" ,1=



%+e reduced ob N E / ,va)ue! ive bot+ coverae :mobi)e! need )e!!

tran!mi!!ion $o3er to be received !ucce!!fu))y; and ca$acity :more

interference :i.e. ot+er u!er!; a))o3ed; ain in t+e u$)ink.

*esults

>iure &' !+o3! t+e !ub!criber den!ity ver!u! t+e number of !ite!


and t+e ca!e uti)i9in S(C in t+e u$)ink for urban area. %+e va)ue

for t+e !ub!criber den!ity i! t+e maximum= 3+ic+ can be !erved by 1

W%(B $er ce)). %+e -L,curve! move to t+e )eft= 3+erea! t+e DL curve

move! !)i+t)y do3n. %+i! i! t+e !ame effect a! 3+en u!in M<A!

:!ee a)!o Section 2.'.2;.

0

2 000

4 000

# 000

9 000

10 000

12 000

0 50 100 150 200 250

Nuber o1 si&es

S u

b s c r i b e r s / s 2 k




SRC in !8 "ownin<

SRC in !8 pin< 144<;it


!igure :;) #elation o( su4scri4er densit3 and num4er o( sites (or1;; 74it8s and :@; 4it8s (or t/e /ig/ as3mmetr3 scenario ,(orstandard con(iguration and S#C in t/e u-lin (or ur4an area



%ab)e 2 ive! a com$ari!on of S(C in t+e u$)ink 3it+ t+e !tandard

confiuration. >u)),area coverae 3it+ &8' kbit@! cannot be

ac+ieved 3it+ t+e number of exi!tin !ite!.

W+en u!in S(C in t+e u$)ink t+e number of !ite! re0uired for fu)),

area coverae 3it+ &8' kbit@!,!ervice! a! com$ared to fu)),area

coverae 3it+ 1'' kbit@! ,!ervice! increa!e! aain by 6"I.



%+e re!u)t! are !imi)ar to t+e one! for a net3ork uti)i9in M<A!.

<o3ever= t+ere are 3ay! to extend S(C in t+e u$)ink?



• -$rade 3it+ do3n)ink diver!ity tran!mi!!ion to ive

coveraePca$acity,increa!e on t+e do3n)ink a)!o :S(C;

• -!e ',3ay u$)ink diver!ity rece$tion and M<A!



Ta4le 5<) Su4scri4er densities and num4er o( sites (or t/edi((erent area t3-es

Areat3-e


Config

.

Datarate,in4it8s


Num4ero(sites– with

SRC in

UL

Percentage o( sitenum4ersa9ings9s. Std.Con(ig.


Den!e

urban@

-rban

*' 1'' 62' ' 2*I ,

Suburb

an

1"6 1'' 22* * 2I ,

(ura) *' 1'' 18= & 28I ,Den!e

urban@

-rban

122 &8' 62' 86 &"I I

Suburb

an

1*2 &8' 22* 12& 28I 6I

(ura) 12" &8' 18= 8' &"I 8I

.. Smart (adio Conce$t :S(C;

S(C in t+e u$)ink i! t+e mea!ure to u!e 3+en coverae en+ancement!

are needed= 3+ic+ i! ty$ica))y needed in rura) area! and@or durint+e ro))out,$+a!e of a net3ork. W+en traffic increa!e!= mea!ure! to

increa!e t+e do3n)ink ca$acity :or con!truction of ne3 !ite!; +ave

to be taken. W+en uti)i9in S(C= t+e Eb@o,re0uirement! at t+e

mobi)e !tation )o3er! and t+e ort+oona)ity of !ina)! in t+e

do3n)ink increa!e!.


• %+e !ame a! for S(C in t+e u$)ink= exce$t

• (educed MS ob N E / ,va)ue! :!ee %ab)e 26;.

Ta4le 5=) MS 48No+9alues it/ and it/out donlin di9ersit3transmission

Ser9ice t3-e MS 48No – it/out D%di9ersit3transmission ,ind$

MS 48No – it/D% di9ersit3transmission ,ind$

12=2 kb$! voice

5 MS !$eed &

km@+

*=" =

(%,data 1'kbit@!

*=" =

(%,data 6'

kbit@!

*=" =



(%,data 6'

kbit@!

6=" '=

(%,data 1''kbit@! = '="

(%,data &8'

kbit@!

=" &=

%+e reduced ob N E / ,va)ue! ive bot+ coverae :4S need! )e!!

tran!mi!!ion $o3er to be received !ucce!!fu))y; and ca$acity :more

interference :i.e. ot+er u!er!; a))o3ed; ain in t+e do3n)ink.



*esults

>iure & !+o3! t+e !ub!criber den!ity ver!u! t+e number of !ite!


and t+e ca!e uti)i9in S(C for urban area. %+e va)ue for t+e


$er ce)). <ere t+e do3n)ink curve move! u$ con!iderab)y.

0

2 000

4 000

# 000

9 000

10 000

12 000

0 50 100 150 200 250

Nuber o1 si&es



StdD Configuration8

pin< 144 <;itStdD Configuration8pin< 394 <;it

SRC8 "ownin<

SRC8 pin< 144 <;it

SRC8 pin< 394 <;it

!igure :<) #elation o( su4scri4er densit3 and num4er o( sites (or1;; 4it8s and :@; 4it8s (or t/e /ig/ as3mmetr3 scenario ,(or 4asecase and S#C (or ur4an area



%ab)e 2* ive! a com$ari!on of S(C 3it+ t+e !tandard confiuration.

W+en com$arin t+e number! 3it+ t+e number! iven in %ab)e 2 for

S(C in t+e u$)ink= no im$rovement can be !een becau!e t+e a!!umed

!ub!criber den!itie! :iven in %ab)e 2*; are in t+e u$)ink,)imited

area of t+e net3ork. <o3ever= 3+en )ookin onto t+e do3n)ink

ca$acity curve!= t+e one 3it+ S(C i! remarkab)y above t+e one

3it+out S(C. %+i! i! t+e ca$acity im$rovement of S(C in t+e

do3n)ink. /f e.. t+e !ub!criber den!ity i! '""" !ub!@km2= a

net3ork +avin S(C in t+e -L 3ou)d need 1 !ite!= 3+erea! a net3ork

uti)i9in S(C need! *" !ite! a !ite !avin of 2&I.



Ta4le 5?) Su4scri4er densities and num4er o( sites (or t/edi((erent area t3-es

Areat3-e


Config

.

Datarate,in4it8s


Num4ero(sites– with

SRC



Den!e

urban@

-rban

*' 1'' 62' & 28I ,

Suburb

an

1"6 1'' 22* * 2I ,

(ura) *' 1'' 18= & 28I ,Den!e

urban@

-rban

122 &8' 62' 8 &"I 6"I

Suburb

an

1*2 &8' 22* 12& 28I 6I

(ura) 12" &8' 18= 8' &"I 8I

..6 (educed ba!e !tation $o3er : Watt! 4S;

okia a)!o offer! 4S cabinet! +avin an out$ut $o3er of Watt!=

3+ere W%(B! can coexi!t 3it+ GSM and@or EDGE :En+anced Data (ate!for G)oba) Evo)ution; ,%(B!. <ere t+e inf)uence of )e!! avai)ab)e

out$ut $o3er :u!ua))y it i! !et to 2"W; i! inve!tiated.



• 4S out$ut $o3er i! Watt!

*esults

>iure &6 !+o3! t+e !ub!criber den!ity ver!u! t+e number of !ite!for t+e +i+ a!ymmetry !cenario for bot+ t+e ba!e ca!e and for W

4S out$ut $o3er for urban area. %+e va)ue for t+e !ub!criber

den!ity i! t+e maximum= 3+ic+ can be !erved by 1 W%(B $er ce)). o

difference i! reconi9ed for t+e u$)ink curve!= 3+ic+ i! natura)=

!ince not+in +a! been c+aned. <o3ever= t+e do3n)ink curve for W

i! !)i+t)y )o3er t+an t+e do3n)ink curve for t+e ba!e ca!e= 3+ic+

indicate! t+at )e!! u!er! can be !erved 3+en bein in a do3n)ink,

)imited !ituation.



0

2 000

4 000

# 000

9 000

10 000

12 000

0 50 100 150 200 250

Nuber o1 si&es


StdD Configuration8

"ownin<StdD Configuration8pin< 144 <;it


S power 5W8"ownin<

S power 5W8 pin<144 <;it


!igure :=) #elation o( su4scri4er densit3 and num4er o( sites (or1;; 4it8s and :@; 4it8s (or t/e /ig/ as3mmetr3 scenario ,(orstandard con(iguration and t/e case it/ <6+$S (or ur4an area



%ab)e 28 ive! a com$ari!on of t+e W 4S 3it+ t+e ba!e ca!e. o

difference can be !een 3+en com$arin t+e re!u)t! for Watt! 4Sout$ut $o3er to t+e ba!e ca!e= !ince t+e a!!umed !ub!criber

den!itie! are in t+e u$)ink,)imited area of t+e net3ork.

Ta4le 5@) Su4scri4er densities and num4er o( sites (or t/edi((erent area t3-es

Areat3-e


Config

.

Datarate,in4it8s


Num4ero(sites– 5 W

BS

outut ower

Percentage o( sitenum4ersa9ings9s. Std.

Con(ig.

Percentageo( siteincrease(oro((ering

:@; 4it8s

Den!e

urban@

-rban

*' 1'' 62' *' "I ,

Suburb

an

1"6 1'' 22* 1"6 "I ,

(ura) *' 1'' 18= *' "I ,

Den!e

urban@

-rban

122 &8' 62' 122 "I 6I

Suburb

an

1*2 &8' 22* 1*2 "I 62I

(ura) 12" &8' 18= 12" "I 62I



..* Six,Sector Site! 3it+ Ma!t,<ead Am$)ifier!

M<A! can be added to any ot+er tec+nica) !o)ution= 3+en

im$rovement! in t+e u$)ink are needed. %+i! !ection dea)! 3it+ t+e

introduction of M<A! to !ix,!ector !ite!.


• %+e !ame a! for t+e !ix,!ectored ca!e= exce$t


*esults

>iure &* !+o3! t+e !ub!criber den!ity ver!u! t+e number of !ite!


uti)i9in !ix,!ector !ite! for urban area. %+e va)ue for t+e


$er ce)). %+e u$)ink curve! move remarkab)y to t+e )eft and u$. Due

to t+e im$rovement! in u$)ink= t+e do3n)ink i! ettin t+e )imitin

factor ear)ier :!ee a)!o C+a$ter 2.'.2;= t+erefore t+e do3n)ink

curve move! !)i+t)y do3n.

0

2 000

4 000

# 000

9 000

10 000

12 000

0 50 100 150 200 250Nuber o1 si&es


SiE6e$tor ite8"ownin<

SiE6e$tor ite8 p in<144 <;it

SiE6e$tor ite8 p in<394 <;it

SiE6e$tor ite J MHA8"ownin<

SiE6e$tor ite J MHA8pin< 144 <;it

SiE6e$tor ite J MHA8pin< 394 <;it

!igure :?) #elation o( su4scri4er densit3 and num4er o( sites (or1;; 4it8s and :@; 4it8s (or t/e /ig/ as3mmetr3 scenario ,(or si*+sector sites it/ and it/out M2As (or ur4an area



%ab)e 2 ive! a com$ari!on of !ix,!ector !ite! 3it+ and 3it+out

M<A!. >u)),area coverae 3it+ &8' kbit@! can be reac+ed 3it+ )e!!

t+an t+e exi!tin number of !ite!. W+en u!in !ix,!ector !ite! 3it+M<A!= on)y &1I of t+e exi!tin !ite )ocation! are needed.



W+en u!in !ix,!ector !ite! 3it+ M<A! t+e number of !ite! re0uired

for fu)),area coverae 3it+ &8' kbit@!,!ervice! a! com$ared to

fu)),area coverae 3it+ 1'' kbit@! ,!ervice! increa!e! by about*"I.



Ta4le 5E) Su4scri4er densities and num4er o( sites (or t/edi((erent area t3-es

Areat3-e

Num4ero(sites– !-

sector

sites

withou

t MHAs

Datarate,in4it8s


Num4ero(sites– !-

sector

sites

with

MHAs



Den!e

urban@

-rban

&* 1'' 62' 2' &I ,

Suburban

' 1'' 22* & &I ,

(ura) & 1'' 18= 2' &I ,

Den!e

urban@

-rban

62 &8' 62' '2 2&I *I

Suburb

an

8 &8' 22* 6" 2I *1I

(ura) 62 &8' 18= '2 2&I *I

..8 S(C in t+e u$)ink 3it+ Ma!t,<ead Am$)ifier!

A ce)) uti)i9in S(C in t+e u$)ink can additiona))y be e0ui$$ed

3it+ M<A!. %+e benefit! of t+i! a$$roac+ are !+o3n be)o3.


• %+e !ame a! for S(C in t+e u$)ink= exce$t


*esults

>iure &8 !+o3! t+e !ub!criber den!ity ver!u! t+e number of !ite!for t+e +i+ a!ymmetry !cenario 3it+ and 3it+out M<A! for urban

area. Aain= t+e u$)ink curve! move to t+e ri+t 3+erea! t+e

do3n)ink curve! move! !)i+t)y do3n.



0

2 000

4 000

# 000

9 000

10 000

12 000

0 50 100 150 200 250

Nuber o1 si&es


SRC in !8 "ownin<



SRC in ! J MHA8"ownin<

SRC in ! J MHA8pin< 144 <;it

SRC in ! J MHA8

pin< 394 <;it

!igure :@) #elation o( su4scri4er densit3 and num4er o( sites (or1;; 4it8s and :@; 4it8s (or t/e /ig/ as3mmetr3 scenario ,(or S#Cin t/e u-lin it/ and it/out M2As (or ur4an area



%ab)e &" ive! a com$ari!on of a !y!tem 3it+ and 3it+out M<A!.

-!in M<A! decrea!e! t+e number of !ite! a! )on a! 3e are in anu$)ink,)imited !ituation.

>or t+e u!ed !cenario fu)),area &8' kbit@!,coverae can be ac+ieved

3it+ **I of t+e exi!tin !ite!.

%+e increa!e in !ite! 3+en oin from fu)),area coverae 3it+ 1''

kbit@! to fu)),area coverae 3it+ &8' kbit@! i! aain around 6"I.

Ta4le :0) Su4scri4er densities and num4er o( sites (or t/edi((erent area t3-es

Areat3-e Num4ero(sites– SRC

in UL

withou

t MHA

Datarate,in4it8s


Num4ero(sites– SRC

in UL

with

MHA



Den!e

urban@

-rban

' 1'' 62' &8 &"I ,

Suburb

an

* 1'' 22* ' &2I ,

(ura) & 1'' 18= &6 &2I ,Den!e

urban@

-rban

86 &8' 62' 6" &"I 8I



Suburb

an

12& &8' 22* 8' &2I 6I

(ura) 8' &8' 18= 6" 2I 6*I

.. Smart (adio Conce$t 3it+ Ma!t,<ead Am$)ifier!

A)!o a ce)) uti)i9in S(C can additiona))y be e0ui$$ed 3it+ M<A!.


• %+e !ame a! for t+e S(C,ca!e= exce$t

• M<A! to com$en!ate t+e feeder cab)e )o!!e! :& d4; in t+e u$)ink

*esults

>iure & !+o3! t+e !ub!criber den!ity ver!u! t+e number of !ite!

for t+e +i+ a!ymmetry !cenario 3it+ and 3it+out M<A! for urban

area.

0

2 000

4 000

# 000

9 000

10 000

12 000

0 50 100 150 200 250

Nuber o1 si&es

S u b s c r i b e r s / s 2

k

SRC8 "ownin<

SRC8 pin< 144 <;it

SRC8 pin< 394 <;it

SRC J MHA8 "ownin<

SRC J MHA8 pin<144 <;it

SRC J MHA8 pin<394 <;it

!igure :E) #elation o( su4scri4er densit3 and num4er o( sites (or1;; 4it8s and :@; 4it8s (or t/e /ig/ as3mmetr3 scenario ,(or S#C it/ and it/out M2As (or ur4an area



%ab)e &1 ive! a com$ari!on of S(C 3it+ and 3it+out M<A!. -!in

M<A! decrea!e! t+e number of !ite! a! )on a! t+e net3ork i!

u$)ink,)imited.

%+e increa!e in 4S !ite! 3+en oin from fu)),area coverae 3it+1'' kbit@! to fu)),area coverae 3it+ &8' kbit@! i! aain around

6"I.




Areat3-e


withou

t MHA

Datarate,in4it8s



with

MHA



Den!e

urban@

-rban

' 1'' 62' &6 &&I ,

Suburb

an

* 1'' 22* & &&I ,

(ura) & 1'' 18= &6 &&I ,Den!e

urban@

-rban

86 &8' 62' 6" &"I 6*I

Suburb

an

12& &8' 22* 8& &&I *I

(ura) 8' &8' 18= 8 &1I 61I

..1" (educed 4a!e Station #o3er : Watt!; and Ma!t,<ead Am$)ifier!


• %+e !ame a! for t+e Watt!,ca!e= exce$t


*esults

>iure '" !+o3! t+e !ub!criber den!ity ver!u! t+e number of !ite!

for t+e +i+ a!ymmetry !cenario 3it+ and 3it+out M<A! for urban

area. Aain= t+e u$)ink curve! move to t+e ri+t= 3+ic+ indicate!

t+e ac+ieved coverae im$rovement= 3+erea! t+e do3n)ink curve !tay!about con!tant.



0

2 000

4 000

# 000

9 000

10 000

12 000

0 50 100 150 200 250

Nuber o1 si&es


S power 5W8

"ownin<S power 5W8 pin<144 <;it


S power 5W J MHA8"ownin<

S power 5W J MHA8pin< 144 <;it

S power 5W J MHA8pin< 394 <;it

!igure ;0) #elation o( su4scri4er densit3 and num4er o( sites (or1;; 74it8s and :@; 4it8s (or t/e /ig/ as3mmetr3 scenario ,(or 4asecase and t/e case it/ M2As (or ur4an area



%ab)e &2 ive! a com$ari!on of t+e W 4S 3it+ t+e ba!e ca!e. -!in

M<A! decrea!e! t+e number of !ite! a! )on a! t+e net3ork i!u$)ink,)imited.

%+e increa!e in !ite! 3+en oin from fu)),area coverae 3it+ 1''

kbit@! to fu)),area coverae 3it+ &8' kbit@! i! aain around 6"I.


Areat3-e

Num4ero(sites

– 5 W-BS

withou

t MHA

Datarate,in

4it8s

Num4ero(su4scri4

ers8sm

Num4ero(sites

– 5 WBS

with

MHA

Percentage o( sitenum4er

sa9ings9s. Std.Con(ig.

Percentageo( siteincrease

(oro((ering:@; 4it8s

Den!e

urban@

-rban

*' 1'' 62' & 28I ,

Suburb

an

1"6 1'' 22* *' &"I ,

(ura) *' 1'' 18= 2 &"I ,

Den!e

urban@

-rban

122 &8' 62' 8' &1I 8I

Suburb

an

1*2 &8' 22* 11* &2I 8I

(ura) 12" &8' 18= 8& &1I 6"I



..11 Mixed Ca!e

A ty$ica) net3ork doe! not a))o3 an a)),of,one,kind 4S

confiuration ty$e. %+i! !ection i! intended to ive an indication

on +o3 different confiuration! 3ou)d affect t+e number of re0uired

!ite! in t+e net3ork. %+e confiuration! u!ed in +ere are

meaninfu) !et! out of t+e one! con!idered before.

>iure '1 !+o3! t+e deci!ion tree for t+e $o!!ib)e 4S confiuration

ty$e!. %ab)e && detai)! t+e 4S !ite confiuration! u!ed for furt+er

ana)y!i!. /t ive! ei+t !cenario! 3it+ t+e $ercentae! of t+e

uti)i9ed !ite ty$e!= e.. in Scenario 1 61I of W,4S= I !ix,!ector

!ite!= etc. are u!ed.

!ll Site$

%a$eStation tpe

< o. $ector$

< o. logicalantenna$ per $ector*

3

2

:

2

e$

4

* 6o logical antenna$ cold relate to one p-$ical antenna in t-e ca$e o. a cro$$&polari>ed antenna

edicated edicated S-ared

oe$ oe$ o

edicated

e$ o59!

!igure ;1) Decision tree (or $S site con(iguration t3-es



Ta4le ::) $S site con(igurations

Site t3-es ,in Percent$Scon(igu+rationt3-e

Scena+rio 1

Scena+rio5

Scena+rio:

Scena+rio;

Scena+rio<

Scena+rio=

Scena+rio?

Scena+rio@

Generic

4S :a!

u!ed in

!td.

confi.

;

1 2" 2 8

S(C in

-L

= 1" 2"

S(C = 1" 2"

Six,

!ector

!ite!

1" '" "

(educed

4S

out$ut

$o3er

:W;

61 " 1& 2

Generic

4S :a!

u!ed in!td.

confi.

; 3it+

M<A

1 2" 2 8

S(C in

-L 3it+

M<A

= 1" 2"

S(C

3it+

M<A

= 1" 2"

Six,

!ector

!ite!

3it+

M<A

1" '" "

(educed

4S

out$ut

$o3er

:W;

3it+

M<A

61 " 1& 2

%+e!e number! +ave been u!ed to determine t+e number of !$ecific

!ite! re0uired. %+e re!u)t! are found in %ab)e &' and %ab)e &.

Scenario! ' and !erve a! ood exam$)e ca!e!= 3+ic+ !+o3 t+at

fu)),area coverae 3it+ &8' kbit@! for t+e a!!umed !ub!criber



den!itie! can be ac+ieved 3it+ a rea!onab)e 4S,confiuration mix

and a number of !ite! around t+e actua) number of !ite! in t+e

exi!tin GSM,18"" net3ork.Ta4le :;) Site num4ers -er area t3-e (or (ull+area co9erage it/1;; 4it8s. T/e su4scri4er densities are taen t/e same as in t/ee*am-les 4e(ore.

Areat3-e

Std .Con(.

Scena+rio1

Scena+rio5

Scena+rio:

Scena+rio;

Scena+rio<

Scena+rio=

Scena+rio?

Scena+rio@

-rba

n

*' 66 6& 1 ' '6 '' &' &"

Sub,

urban

1"6 1 *& 6 66 62 ' ''

(ura

)

*' 66 62 ' '& ' '& && 2

Ta4le :<) Site num4ers -er area t3-e (or (ull+area co9erage it/:@; 4it8s. t/e su4scri4er densities are taen t/e same as in t/ee*am-les 4e(ore.

Areat3-e

Std .Con

(.

Scena+rio

1

Scena+rio5

Scena+rio:

Scena+rio;

Scena+rio<

Scena+rio=

Scena+rio?

Scena+rio@

-rba

n

122 1"8 1"& 8& *' * *1 * 1

Sub,

urba

n

1*2 1& 1'6 116 1"& 1"' 1"" 81 *2

(ura

)

12" 1"6 1"2 8& *& *' *" * "

<.= Conclusions

%+i! c+a$ter introduced nine different ty$e! of 4S confiuration!.De$endent on t+e o$erator! re0uirement! a dedicated net3ork can be

bui)t out of t+i! !et.

Wit+ t+e ba!ic 4S confiuration fu)) area coverae 3it+ &8' kbit@!

3it+ t+e exi!tin number of GSM 18"",!ite! i! not $o!!ib)e.

/ntroducin M<A! :for a $re,defined !ub!criber den!ity; on)y brin!

t+e number of re0uired !ite! to about 8I above today! number of

!ite! :ca)cu)ated from %ab)e 22;.

S(C in t+e u$)ink ive! about t+e !ame im$rovement a! M<A!. /t i! a

!o)ution for t+e fir!t $+a!e of a net3ork. W+en traffic !tart! to

increa!e con!iderab)y= a)!o mea!ure! to increa!e do3n)ink ca$acity+ave to be taken. %+i! can be ac+ieved by S(C= 3+ic+ increa!e!

do3n)ink ca$acity by 2,2"I= de$endent on t+e !ite number= 3+ere

t+e ca)cu)ation i! $erformed.



Anot+er 3ay to $ur!ue i! t+e uti)i9ation of !ix,!ector !ite!. <ere=

a )o3er number of !ite! t+an in t+e current GSM,18"" net3ork 3ou)d

be re0uired for fu)),area coverae 3it+ &8' kbit@!. <o3ever= !iteac0ui!ition i! a rat+er tou+ ob to do= t+erefore one cannot

ex$ect to et a net3ork of a)),!ix,!ector !ite!.

M<A! can be added to any ot+er !o)ution :!ix,!ector !ite!= S(C in

t+e u$)ink= and S(C;. 4a!ica))y= t+e u$)ink !ub!criber den!itie!

increa!e :or= t+e ot+er 3ay round= t+e number of re0uired !ite!

decrea!e!;= but conver!e)y= a)!o do3n)ink !ub!criber den!itie!

decrea!e a)!o !)i+t)y= !ince due to t+e im$rovement! in u$)ink t+e

do3n)ink i! ettin t+e )imitin factor ear)ier :!ee a)!o Section

2.'.2;.

A ty$ica) net3ork con!i!t! of a mix of t+e!e 4S,confiuration!=

ana)y!i! of different confiuration! uti)i9in M<A! at t+e 4S !+o3

t+at even in a net3ork +avin "I,6"I W,4S :!+ared 4S; fu)),area

coverae 3it+ &8' kbit@! i! $o!!ib)e 3it+ t+e number of exi!tin

!ite! in t+e current GSM 18"",net3ork.



=. COST D#"V#S !O# #AD"O ACCSS NT6O#7 "N UMTS

=.1 Descri-tion o( Cost Dri9ers

Durin oint di!cu!!ion! okia and t+e o$erator identified t+e

fo))o3in factor! a! main co!t driver! for t+e (adio Acce!! et3ork

:(A; of -M%S. <ere t+e focu! i! on t+e factor! !$ecific to radio

$)annin. %+e ot+er factor!= e!$ecia))y tran!mi!!ion and (C!= are

mentioned for com$)etene!! and are !ubect of furt+er ana)y!i! by

ot+er rou$! 3it+in t+e o$erator.

%+e a$$roac+ to be $re!ented fo))o3! t+e c)a!!ica) !$)it into

ca$ita) ex$enditure! :CA#EB;= im$)ementation ex$enditure! :/M#EB;

and o$eratin ex$enditure! :#EB;. %+e!e cateorie! are t+en broken

do3n into more detai)ed one! in t+e !e0ue).

Ca-ital *-enditures ,CAP&) CA#EB de$end! on t+e fo))o3infactor!?

Num4er o( $S Sites? %+e number of 4S !ite! it!e)f de$end! ont+e fo))o3in factor!?

%ocation -ro4a4ilities? Location $robabi)ity define! t+e)ike)i+ood of +avin !ufficient fie)d,!trent+ to make a

ca)). %+e +i+er t+e $robabi)ity= t+e !ma))er t+e ce))!

and= +ence= t+e more !ite! are needed to cover a iven

area. <o3ever= t+i! i! !imi)ar to GSM and i! not dea)t

3it+ in furt+er detai).

O((ered data+rates? %+e maximum data,rate! offered in anarea +ave a +ue im$act on t+e ce)) !i9e. A! !+o3n in

C+a$ter 2= t+e $at+)o!! difference bet3een 1'' kbit@!

and &8' kbit@! i! about 'd4. %+i! re!u)t! in !ma))er

ce))!= if t+e o$erator intend! to offer contiuou!

coverae for &8' kbit@!. Data,rate! +i+er t+an &8'

kbit@! re!u)t in even +i+er )o!!e!.

Tra((ic reuirements? -M%S 3i)) offer mu)ti$)e !ervice!t+at need to be con!idered !e$arate)y 3it+ re!$ect to

t+e fo))o3in i!!ue!?

Amount? %+e ce)) !i9e de$end! on t+e traffic )oadand +ence on t+e amount of traffic $er !ub!criber

and tota) number of !ub!criber!. (% traffic i!

mea!ured in Er)an= 3+i)e (% traffic i! mea!ured

in kbit@!.

As3mmetr3? Many a$$)ication! 3i)) be a!ymmetrica)=!uc+ a! 3eb,bro3!in :+i+er )oad in do3n)ink; or

3ire)e!! !urvei))ance camera! :+i+er )oad in

u$)ink;. %+e mix of t+e!e a$$)ication! determine!

3+et+er t+e net3ork i! rat+er do3n)ink or u$)ink)imited.

Bualit3 o( Ser9ice ,BoS) 7oS for rea) timea$$)ication! i! defined by t+e b)ockin= 3+i)e 7oS



for non,rea) time a$$)ication! i! defined a!

uaranteed t+rou+$ut. 7oS re!u)t! in a ca$acity

over+ead= 3+ic+ increa!e! 3it+ ti+ter 7oSre0uirement!.

Area co9erage reuirements? %+e number of !ite! de$end!on t+e !i9e of t+e area to be covered. %+i! i! !imi)ar

to GSM.

Co9erage (igures? Coverae of a !in)e 4S de$end! on t+efo))o3in factor!?

Pro-agation en9ironment? %+e !i9e of an -M%S ce))de$end! on environment,!$ecific condition!. %+i!

i! !imi)ar to GSM

48No 9alues? Eac+ !ervice +a! !$ecificre0uirement! for t+e minimum Eb@o va)ue!. A! t+ey

are $art of t+e )inkbudet ca)cu)ation= t+ey

re!u)t direct)y in different ce)) rane! for

different !ervice!. /n addition= Eb@o va)ue! +ave

im$act on t+e )oad of t+e !y!tem and t+u! on t+e

)o!!e! due to )oad :!ee a)!o c+a$ter 2.'.;. Eb@o

va)ue! can be im$roved by u!in e.. S(C.

Ort/ogonalit3? rt+oona)ity de!cribe! t+e im$actof mu)ti$at+ $ro$aation on t+e do3n)ink. on,

ort+oona)ity re!u)t! in interference from t+e o3nce)) and increa!e! t+e )oad :!ee a)!o Section

2.';. rt+oona)ity im$rove! e.. in microce))u)ar

environment :3+ere de)ay !$read! are enera))y

!ma));= $ro$er antenna !e)ection= or 3it+ S(C.

$S Poer? /f t+e !y!tem i! u$)ink )imited= t+e 4S$o3er +a! no im$act on t+e ce)) rane. n)y in a

do3n)ink )imited !y!tem 4S $o3er +a! im$act on t+e

ce)) rane. <o3ever= $o3er )eve)! above 2"W

$rovide +ard)y any ain= if not combined 3it+

ot+er im$rovement! :!ee a)!o Section 2.'.1;. %+e

benefit of boo!ter! i! rat+er )imited.

Site con(iguration? %+e ce)) rane de$end! on t+econfiuration of t+e !ite?

Num4er o( antennas -er sector? %3o)oica) antenna! $er !ector are

con!idered a! t+e minimum confiuration

for diver!ity. >our antenna! $er !ector

$rovide t+e o$tion for four,3ay

diver!ity %+i! im$rove! Eb@o fiure!

toet+er 3it+ ort+oona)ity. >our

)oica) antenna! can be combined in t3o$+y!ica) antenna! by u!in cro!!,$o)ar

antenna!.



Num4er o( sectors? Standardconfiuration i! t+ree !ector! $er !ite=

+o3ever it i! $o!!ib)e to im$)ement !ix!ector !ite!. Six !ector !ite! $rovide

better coverae due to t+e u!e of +i+,

ain antenna!. mni !ite! are not

recommended !ince t+ey enerate and

receive +i+ amount! of interference.

!eeders> Di-le*ers? >eeder! for -M%S canbe combined 3it+ exi!tin GSM feeder! by

u!in Di$)exer!. %+i! introduce!

additiona) )o!!e! of a$$. "=d4 and

reduce! ce)) rane! accordin)y.

<o3ever= im$)ementation co!t! arereduced.

Mast 2ead am-li(iers ,M2A) Can be u!edto com$en!ate for cab)e )o!!e! in

u$)ink. E!$ecia))y in t+e ear)y !tae of

commercia) o$eration of t+e -M%S

net3ork= t+e )imitin factor 3i)) be t+e

u$)ink. %+e ain of M<A can be u!ed to

increa!e ce)) rane or to increa!e )oad

and t+erefore t+eir u!e i! beneficia).

Ca-acit3 (igures

48No 9alues) Eac+ !ervice +a! !$ecificre0uirement! for t+e minimum Eb@o va)ue!. Eb@o

va)ue! +ave im$act on t+e )oad of t+e !y!tem and

t+u! on t+e )o!!e! due to )oad :!ee a)!o c+a$ter

2.'.';. (educed Eb@o va)ue! re!u)t in )o3er )oad

for a iven amount of !ub!criber!. Eb@o va)ue!

can be im$roved by u!in e.. S(C

Ort/ogonalit3? rt+oona)ity de!cribe! t+e im$actof mu)ti$at+ $ro$aation on t+e do3n)ink. on,

ort+oona)ity re!u)t! in interference from t+e o3n

ce)) and increa!e! t+e )oad :!ee a)!o Section 2.'.&;. /m$roved ort+oona)ity reduce! t+e )oad

for a iven amount of !ub!criber!. rt+oona)ity

im$rove! e.. in microce))u)ar environment :3+ere

de)ay !$read! are enera))y !ma));= $ro$er antenna

!e)ection= or 3it+ S(C.

Site con(iguration? %+e ca$acity $er !ite de$end!on t+e confiuration of t+e re!$ective !ite?

Num4er o( antennas -er sector? %3o)oica) antenna! $er !ector are

con!idered a! t+e minimum confiurationfor 2,3ay diver!ity. >our antenna! $er

!ector $rovide t+e o$tion for four,3ay

diver!ity. %+i! im$rove! Eb@o fiure!



toet+er 3it+ ort+oona)ity= 3+ic+

reduce! t+e )oad for a iven amount of

!ub!criber!. >our )oica) antenna! canbe combined in t3o $+y!ica) antenna! by

u!in cro!!,$o)ar antenna!.

Num4er o( sectors? Standardconfiuration i! t+ree !ector! $er !ite=

+o3ever it i! $o!!ib)e to im$)ement !ix

!ector !ite!. Six !ector !ite! $rovide

+i+er ca$acity com$ared to t+ree

!ector!.

Mast 2ead am-li(iers ,M2A) /n t+e ca!eof an u$)ink,)imited net3ork t+e ain of

M<A can be u!ed to overcome +i+er

)o!!e! due to )oad. %+i! mean!= t+at t+e

coverae im$rovement of M<A can be

traded aain!t increa!ed ca$acity.

Num4er o( #NC Sites? %+e number of (C !ite! de$end! on t+efo))o3in factor!?

Ca-acit3? Ca$acity $er (C can be de!cribed in term! of?

Num4er o( carriers? %+e maximum number of carrier!t+at can be connected to one (C i! one )imitin

factor for t+e number of (C!.

T/roug/-ut? %+e t+rou+$ut in Mbit@! i! a )imitinfactor in term! of amount of traffic t+at can be

+and)ed by one (C. %+i! mi+t be t+e )imitin

factor at a )ater !tae of t+e commercia) ro))out.

Num4er o( $S sites? %+e maximum number of 4S !ite!t+at can be connected to one (C mi+t be t+e

)imitin factor in t+e ear)y !tae! of t+e net3ork

ro))out.

To-olog3? De$endin on e.. tran!mi!!ion co!t! t+eo$erator mi+t decide to im$)ement a )arer number of

!ma)) (C! in order to reduce t+e )on,term o$eratin

co!t!= or a !ma)) number of +i+,ca$acity (C!.

Transmission Netor? %+e inve!tment in t+e tran!mi!!ionnet3ork i! inf)uenced by t+e fo))o3in factor!?

Media? %+e fo))o3in media can be u!ed for t+etran!mi!!ion net3ork?

Microa9e? Exi!tin GSM,o$erator! can extend t+e

exi!tin micro3ave net3ork to cater for t+eadditiona) -M%S traffic. %+i! 3i)) $rovide

!ufficient ca$acity for t+e initia) ro))out.

<o3ever 3it+ ro3in amount of traffic in -M%S t+e



ca$acity in t+e micro3ave net3ork mi+t become a

bott)eneck.

%eased lines? Like for GSM= )ea!ed )ine! can beu!ed to connect different net3ork e)ement!.

<o3ever= t+i! re!u)t! in +i+ )on,term co!t! for

t+e renta) fee! of )ea!ed )ine!.

O-tical (i4re? /n t+e )on run micro3ave )ink!mi+t not $rovide !ufficient ca$acity for -M%S

traffic. ne a)ternative o$tion i! t+e ro))out of

a fibre net3ork.

To-olog3? %+e fo))o3in to$o)oie! can be u!ed toconnect t+e 4S to t+e (C. %+i! i! !imi)ar to GSM.

Star? Eac+ 4S +a! a $oint,to,$oint connection3it+out $rotection. Due to t+e ranu)arity of t+e

ca$acity of )ink!= )ink! mi+t be overdimen!ioned.

C/ain? Severa) 4S are connected in a c+ain to t+e(C 3it+out $rotection. Ca$acity of )ink! can be

u!ed more efficient)y.

%oo-? Severa) 4S are connected in a )oo$ to t+e(C and $rotected by t+e )oo$. Additiona) ca$acity

need! to be a))ocated on t+e )ink! to $rovide

$rotection. eed! e0ui$ment for cro!!,connection!.

Tra((ic reuirements? De$end! on t+e fo))o3in item!?

Amount? Amount of traffic on t+e tran!mi!!ionnet3ork de$end! direct)y on t+e traffic on t+e

air,interface= !imi)ar to GSM. Additiona))y= in

-M%S= Soft,<andover re0uire! ca$acity of t+e

tran!mi!!ion net3ork.

As3mmetr3? Ca$acity of )ink! i! !ymmetrica)= 3+i)etraffic mi+t be a!ymmetrica) in u$)ink and

do3n)ink. %+u! eit+er do3n)ink or u$)inkdetermine! t+e re0uired ca$acity.

"m-lementation *-enditures ,"MP& ;? /M#EB de$end! on t+e fo))o3in

factor!?

Site Acuisition? Co!t! for !ite ac0ui!ition de$end! on t+efo))o3in factor!?

Num4er o( sites? %+i! i! a factor for t+e ac0ui!itionco!t! $er !ite.

*isting Contract Conditions? /f exi!tin contract! donot a))o3 ex$an!ion for -M%S= reneotiation! are

nece!!ary and mi+t re!u)t in +i+er renta) fee! $er

!ite.



Acuisition cost -er site? %+e ac0ui!ition co!t! $er!ite are inf)uenced by t+e fo))o3in factor!?

S-ace reuirements? %+e more !$ace re0uired= t+emore difficu)t !ite ac0ui!ition i!?

Multi mode $S? A))o3! to extend t+eexi!tin GSM e0ui$ment to -M%S 3it+out

needin additiona) !$ace. %y$ica))y

)imited in max number of %(B! and out$ut

$o3er.

Single mode $S? (e0uire! a dedicatedcabinet= t+u! additiona) !$ace. #rovide!

+i+er ca$acity and out$ut $o3er t+an

mu)ti,mode 4S.

Num4er o( antennas?

S/ared antennas it/ GSM ? Ea!e !iteac0ui!ition= but mi+t +ave dra3back!

:e.. 3+en broadband e)ement! for 1*"",

22"" M<9 are u!ed= !e$arate do3nti)t for

t+e GSM,18"" and t+e -M%S,!y!tem i! not

$o!!ib)e GSM and -M%S,!ector! cannot

$oint into different direction!; in

o$eration! of t+e combined GSM@-M%S

net3ork.

To antennas -er sector) Minimum

confiuration for diver!ity. %3o

antenna! $er !ector can be rea)i9ed 3it+

one cro!!,$o)ar antenna.

!our antennas -er sector? Make! !iteac0ui!ition more difficu)t= but offer!

advantae! for coverae and ca$acity of

t+e air interface.

Num4er o( sectors?

Omni? Di!advantae! in radio $)annin=not recommended.

T/ree sectors? Standard confiuration=!imi)ar to GSM.

Si* sectors? /m$rove! ca$acity andcoverae= but make! !ite ac0ui!ition

more difficu)t.

S/ared sites?

No site s/aring? -M%S,on)y !ite!= !ite!t+at are needed in order to offer

contiuou! coverae of +i+ data,rate!.



Lent+y $rocedure and +a! +ue im$act

for !ite ac0ui!ition.

6it/ on GSM netor? Exten!ion ofexi!tin GSM !ite to GSM@-M%S. Ea!ie!t

ca!e for !ite ac0ui!ition.

6it/ ot/er o-erator? /n t+e ca!e t+e!ite i! !+ared 3it+ ot+er o$erator!

!$ace mi+t be )imited and 3i)) +ave

!evere im$act on $o!!ib)e exten!ion!.

Site "m-lementation

#e+use o(?

Antennas? Exi!tin GSM 18"" antenna! are noto$timi!ed for t+e -M%S,band. S+arin antenna!

bet3een bot+ band! re0uire! ne3 antenna!.

!eeders? Exi!tin feeder! can be re,u!ed= ifdi$)exer! are u!ed. %+i! ea!e! im$)ementation= but

introduce! additiona) )o!!e! of about "=d4.

Site su--ort? Exi!tin !ite !u$$ort can be !+aredfor GSM and -M%S. <o3ever= t+e backu$ time in ca!e

of $o3er fai)ure reduce!= if t+e battery ca$acity

i! not u$raded to !u$$ort bot+ !y!tem!.

Ci9il ors? Exi!tin foundation! and !tee) 3ork!can be re,u!ed in ca!e of mu)ti,mode 4S 3it+ t+e

!ame foot$rint. /n ca!e t+e exi!tin foundation!

cater for additiona) !$ace= a dedicated 4S can be

in!ta))ed.

"m-lementation costs?

Antennas? -M%S re0uire! eit+er an exc+ane ofexi!tin GSM antenna! aain!t 3ideband antenna! or

!e$arate -M%S antenna! need to be in!ta))ed.

!eeders? /n ca!e no di$)exer! are u!ed= additiona)feeder! for -M%S need to be in!ta))ed.

Site su--ort? /n ca!e t+e exi!tin !ite !u$$ortcabinet i! not !ufficient to !u$$ort GSM and -M%S=

it need! to be u$raded.

$S eui-ment? /t i! nece!!ary to eit+er re$)acet+e exi!tin GSM,4S by a mu)ti,mode 4S or in!ta))

a ne3 dedicated -M%S,4S.

Ci9il ors? /f exi!tin foundation! and !tee)3ork! are not !ufficient for t+e additiona) -M%S

+ard3are= t+ey need to be u$raded.



Transmission Netor "m-lementation?

Num4er o( lins? %+i! i! a factor for t+e co!t $er )ink.%+e co!t! $er )ink de$end on?

Media?

Microa9e? (e0uire! in!ta))ation ofmicro3ave e0ui$ment and )ine,of,!i+t

c+eckin.

%eased lines? Lo3 amount of tran!mi!!ione0ui$ment to be im$)emented= but +i+

im$act on o$eratin co!t!.

O-tical (i4re? <i+ co!t! for t+eim$)ementation of an o3n fibre net3ork.

#e+use o( e*isting lins?

U-grade? /f exi!tin )ink! do not$rovide !ufficient !$are ca$acity t+ey

need to be u$raded by at )ea!t a

$artia) exc+ane of tran!mi!!ion

e0ui$ment.

Ne lin? E!$ecia))y in t+e ca!e of ne3

dedicated -M%S !ite! ne3 )ink! need tobe im$)emented.

O-erating *-enditures ,OP&) #EB de$end! on t+e fo))o3infactor!?

Num4er o( $S8#NC Sites? %+i! i! a factor for t+e o$eratinco!t! $er !ite. %+i! $art i! very !imi)ar to GSM?

Site maintenance

So(tare maintenance? /nc)ude! co!t! for !oft3areu$rade!

2ardare maintenance? /nc)ude! co!t! for !$are$art!

nerg3 consum-tion -er element

Con(iguration? %+e number! of %(B $er 4S andout$ut $o3er inf)uence t+e enery con!um$tion $er

4S,!ite.

#ental costs -er site? Co!t! $er !ite de$end on exi!tincontract!= re0uired !$ace and com$etitive !ituation

"nsurance (ees -er site? De$end on t+e e0ui$ment co!t.

Transmission Netor



Media? %+e c+oice of tran!mi!!ion media +a! +ue im$acton t+e o$eratin co!t!?

Microa9e? o mont+)y fee!= but additiona)e0ui$ment t+at need! to be maintained.

%eased line? <i+ mont+)y fee!= t+u! +i+o$eratin co!t!.

O-tical (i4re? o mont+)y fee! :if o3ned by t+eo$erator;= but additiona) e0ui$ment t+at need! to

be maintained.

To-olog3? %+e to$o)oy define! t+e number of )ink! andt+u! +a! im$act on t+e co!t! of t+e tran!mi!!ion net3ork

Star? ne )ink $er net3ork e)ement

C/ain? ne )ink $er net3ork e)ement

%oo-? umber of )ink! i! number of net3orke)ement! $er )oo$ $)u! one

Personnel

Num4er o( netor elements :4S= %(B= (C= andtran!mi!!ion;? %+e re0uired $er!onne) i! a direct

function of t+e number of net3ork e)ement!.

#euired -ersonnel -er netor element? de$end! e.. ont+e feature! for remote maintenance and mean time

bet3een fai)ure.

Personnel cost? /nc)ude! !a)arie!= but a)!o trainin.Exi!tin GSM !taff need! to be trained for -M%S,

=.5 Buanti(ication o( Cost Dri9ers

Since t+e number of 4S !ite! i! t+e maor co!t driver for a mobi)e

net3ork t+i! c+a$ter focu!e! on t+e co!t driver! t+at +ave an

im$act on t+i! factor. A)t+ou+ ot+er factor! are not in t+e !co$e

of t+i! c+a$ter= t+ey !+ou)d not be ne)ected by t+e o$erator and

be !ubect for furt+er !tudie!.

/n addition= co!t driver! t+at +ave an im$act on t+e number of

!ite!= but are not $ecu)iar to -M%S= !uc+ a! )ocation $robabi)itie!

and area coverae re0uirement!= are not furt+er inve!tiated +ere.

%+e re!u)t! $re!ented be)o3 are derived from t+e dimen!ionin

exerci!e for t+e metro$o)itan area. >or eac+ confiuration t+e

ca$acity and coverae are com$ared aain!t t+e ba!e ca!e. Ca$acity

i! mea!ured in !ub!criber den!ity :!ub!criber!@kmF;= 3+i)e coverae

i! mea!ured in number of !ite! re0uired for eac+ area.

/n addition= t+e im$act of eac+ confiuration on !ite ac0ui!ition

and im$)ementation i! e!timated. %+i! im$act= +o3ever= can not be



!$ecified in number!. /t 3a! areed to indicate t+e im$act 3it+ a

rane from JJ :ea!e! !ite ac0ui!ition and im$)ementation very

muc+ com$ared to ba!e ca!e; over J"J :e0uiva)ent to ba!e ca!e; toJ,,J :make! !ite ac0ui!ition and im$)ementation very difficu)t

com$ared to ba!e ca!e;. %+e ratin! re$re!ent on)y t+e !ite

ac0ui!ition and im$)ementation $oint of vie3= 3+ic+ do not

nece!!ari)y coincide 3it+ $)annin $oint of vie3. #)annin $oint of

vie3 i! ref)ected in t+e ca$acity and coverae fiure!. %+e rea!on!

for eac+ ratin are iven be)o3?

Standard Con(iguration) %+e ba!e ca!e u!e! a dedicated-M%S 4S. %+i! i! u!ed a! a reference for t+e fo))o3in

confiuration! and +ence t+e ratin i! neutra)? J"J

Standard Con(iguration I M2A) %+e in!ta))ation of M<A +a!)o3 or no im$act on !ite ac0ui!ition but re0uire!

additiona) effort for in!ta))ation= t+erefore t+e ratin

i!? J,J

<6 Out-ut -oer? Mu)timode 4S offer! an out$ut $o3er ofW= com$ared to 2"W for a dedicated -M%S 4S. Mu)timode

4S do not re0uire additiona) !$ace )ike a dedicated 4S

and exi!tin foundation! can be re,u!ed= t+erefore t+ey

ea!e !ite ac0ui!ition and im$)ementation t+e ratin i!?

JJ

<6 Out-ut -oer I M2A ? /n!ta))ation of M<A re!u)t! in!)i+t di!advantae! for im$)ementation t+e ratin i!?

JJ

S#C in U%? %+i! confiuration re0uire! a dedicated 4S andfour antenna! $er !ector. %+i! +a! im$act on !ite

ac0ui!ition and im$)ementation t+e ratin i!? J,J

S#C in U% I M2A ? %+i! confiuration re0uire! a dedicated4S= four :)oica); antenna! and M<A $er !ector. %+i! +a!

im$act on !ite ac0ui!ition and im$)ementation t+e ratin

i!? J,,J

S#C in U% and D%? %+i! confiuration re0uire! a dedicated4S and four antenna! $er !ector. %+i! +a! im$act on !ite

ac0ui!ition and im$)ementation t+e ratin i!? J,J

S#C in U% and D% I M2A ? %+i! confiuration re0uire! adedicated 4S= four :)oica); antenna! and M<A $er !ector.

%+i! +a! im$act on !ite ac0ui!ition and im$)ementation

t+e ratin i!? J,,J

= Sector? %+i! confiuration re0uire! a dedicated 4S and!ix !ector!= eac+ 3it+ t3o :)oica); antenna!. %+i! +a!

im$act on !ite ac0ui!ition and im$)ementation t+e ratin

i!? J,J

= Sector I M2A ? %+i! confiuration re0uire! a dedicated4S and !ix !ector!= eac+ 3it+ t3o antenna! and M<A. %+i!



+a! im$act on !ite ac0ui!ition and im$)ementation t+e

ratin i!? J,,J

/n order to eva)uate t+e increa!e in ca$acity for different

confiuration! com$ared to t+e ba!e ca!e= t+e number of !ite! 3a!

fixed to 8" in urban area for 1''kbit@! and 1&" for &8'kbit@!. %+e

number of !ite! com$are! 3e)) to t+e minimum number of !ite! for

different datarate! :Section .&;. %+e corre!$ondin !ub!criber

den!ity 3a! t+en derived from t+e dimen!ionin re!u)t!.

Ta4le :=) Su4scri4er densit3 ,su4scri4er8mJ (or di((erentscenarios and datarates in ur4an area ,@0>E< mJ. Num4er o( sites)@0 (or 1;;4it8s> 1:0 (or :@;4it8s

Scenario) %o as3mmetr3 Mediumas3mmetr3

2ig/as3mmetr3

Datarate) 1''kbit@!

&8'kbi

t@!

1''kbi

t@!

&8'kbi

t@!

1''kbi

t@!

&8'kbi

t@!

Con(iguration)

StandardCon(iguration

16'6 2&8 1* 2&"* 1'1 21&8

StandardCon(iguration I M2A

2'" 816 '6"6 *'8 &'& 6*6

<6 Out-ut -oer 16'6 2&8 1* 2&"* 1'1 21&8

<6 Out-ut -oer I

M2A

&66 6 &21" 21* 21* '""

S#C in U% &1' 86& '661 **' &"* 68

S#C in U% I M2A '8&' *8 '22 6" &28* &'2

S#C in U% and D% *186 116** 62'' 1"1'* '*12 *68

S#C in U% and D% I M2A

6* 1"68' ** &8' ''& *2&6

= Sector &1" 1128 8"* 1&"2 61"1 1'

= Sector I M2A "1* 1'6& *18 12868 8' **



Ta4le :?) "ncrease in ca-acit3 com-ared to t/e standardcon(iguration (or di((erent scenarios and datarates in ur4an area

,@0>E< mJ. Num4er o( sites) @0 (or 1;;4it8s> 1:0 (or :@;4it8s

Scenario) % o 1

a s 3 m m e t r 3

M e d i u m

a s 3 m m e t r 3

2 i g /

a s 3 m m e t r 3

" m - a c t

o n

s i t e

a c C . 8

i m - l e m e n t a t i o n

Datarate) 1''kbit@!

&8'kbi

t@!

1''kbi

t@!

&8'kbi

t@!

1''kbi

t@!

&8'kbi

t@!

Con(igurationStandardCon(iguration

"I "I "I "I "I "I o


218I 2I 12I 22'I 1'1I 16I ,

<6 Out-ut -oer "I "I "I "I "I "I

<6 Out-ut -oer I M2A

12&I 1'8I 1"'I 126I *&I 1I

S#C in U% 22&I 26"I 16I 228I 1'2I 16*I ,

S#C in U% I M2A 1'I 228I 1*"I 1I 12*I 1"I ,,

S#C in U% and D% &&6I &8*I 2*I &'"I 22I 28I ,


2I &'6I 26*I &"*I 2"*I 2&I ,,

= Sector '6I &1I '12I '6*I &21I &6'I ,

= Sector I M2A ''8I 11I '"&I '8I &"6I &'8I ,,

%+e fo))o3in fiure !ummari9e! t+e increa!e in ca$acity for t+e

+i+ a!ymmetry !cenario 3it+ contiuou! coverae for &8'kbit@!.



0%

50%

100%

150%

200%

250%

300%

350%

400%

450%

500%





S R C i n !

S R C i n ! + M H A

S R C i n ! a n d " !

S R C i n ! a n d " ! + M H A # S e $ t o r

# S e $ t o r + M H A

!igure ;5) "ncrease in ca-acit3 (or di((erent con(igurationscom-ared to standard con(iguration in ur4an area and /ig/ as3mmetr3scenario.

Com$ared to t+e ba!e ca!e= mo!t confiuration! im$rove ca$acity

con!iderab)y. A )imitation of t+e out$ut $o3er to W doe! notreduce ca$acity= a! t+e !y!tem i! !ti)) u$)ink )imited. n t+e

ot+er !ide !ite ac0ui!ition i! ea!ier for a mu)ti,mode 4S t+an for

a dedicated 4S. A)) confiuration! $rovidin +i+ ca$acity ain do

+ave !ome dra3back! in !ite ac0ui!ition and im$)ementation.

%+erefore a com$romi!e need! to be found bet3een ca$acity ain and

im$act on !ite ac0ui!ition. /n term! of ca$acity M<A! do not

$rovide im$rovement if combined 3it+ ot+er en+ancement!.

/n order to eva)uate t+e !avin! in number of !ite!= t+e !ub!criber

den!ity 3a! fixed to 2""" !ub!criber!@kmF in urban area. %+i!

fiure $re!ent! a rea!onab)e amount of traffic for t+e fir!t time

of commercia) o$eration! of t+e -M%S net3ork. %+e re0uired numberof !ite! 3a! t+en derived from t+e dimen!ionin re!u)t!. Simi)ar

re!u)t! can be found for !uburban and rura) area!.



Ta4le :@) Num4er o( sites (or di((erent scenarios and datarates inur4an area ,@0>E< mJ. Su4scri4er densit3) 5000 su4scri4er8mJ

Scenario) %o as3mmetr3 Mediumas3mmetr3

2ig/as3mmetr3

Datarate) 1''kbit@!

&8'kbi

t@!

1''kbi

t@!

&8'kbi

t@!

1''kbi

t@!

&8'kbi

t@!

Con(iguration)


82 128 82 12 8& 1&"


8 " 8 " 1

<6 Out-ut -oer 82 128 82 12 8& 1&"


1 1 66 2

S#C in U% 61 2 61 2 62 &

S#C in U% I M2A '& 6' '& 6' " 6

S#C in U% and D% 6" 2 6" 2 61 &


'2 6' '2 6' '& 6

= Sector '' 6* '' 6* '' 68

= Sector I M2A &1 '* &2 '* && '8



Ta4le :E) Sa9ings in num4er o( sites com-ared to t/e standardcon(iguration (or di((erent scenarios and datarates in ur4an area

,@0>E< mJ. Su4scri4er densit3) 5000 su4scri4er8mJ

Scenario) % o 1

a s 3 m m e t r 3

M e d i u m

a s 3 m m e t r 3

2 i g /

a s 3 m m e t r 3

" m - a c t

o n

s i t e

a c C . 8

i m - l e m e n t a t i o n

Datarate) 1''kbit@!

&8'kbit@!

1''kbit@!

&8'kbit@!

1''kbit@!

&8'kbit@!

Con(iguration)


"I "I "I "I "I "I o


2I &"I 2I &"I 2I &"I ,

<6 Out-ut -oer "I "I "I "I "I "I


28I 2I 28I 2I 2"I 2I

S#C in U% 26I 28I 26I 2I 2I 28I ,

S#C in U% I M2A '8I "I '8I "I '"I "I ,,

S#C in U% and D% 2*I 28I 2*I 2I 2*I 28I ,


'I "I 'I "I '8I "I ,,

= Sector '6I '8I '6I '8I '*I '8I ,

= Sector I M2A 62I 6&I 61I 6'I 6"I 6&I ,,

%+e fo))o3in fiure !ummari9e! t+e !avin! in !ite! for t+e +i+

a!ymmetry !cenario 3it+ contiuou! coverae for &8'kbit@!.



0%

20%

40%

#0%

90%

100%

120%





S R C i n !

S R C i n ! + M H A

S R C i n ! a n d " !

S R C i n ! a n d " ! + M H A # S e $ t o r

# S e $ t o r + M H A

!igure ;:) Sa9ings in sites (or di((erent con(igurations com-aredto standard con(iguration in ur4an area and /ig/ as3mmetr3scenario.

%+e number of !ite! can be reduced by about &"I 3it+ t+e +e)$ of

M<A or t+e !mart radio conce$t in u$)ink. /f bot+ o$tion! arecombined= t+e number of !ite! can be reduced by about "I. Six,

!ectored !ite! combined 3it+ M<A $rovide t+e +i+e!t !avin!.

Simi)ar to im$rovement! in ca$acity= a)) coverae en+ancement! need

to be 3ei+ted aain!t difficu)tie! for !ite ac0ui!ition.



?. T#MS AND A$$#V"AT"ONS

4S 4a!e Station

DL Do3n)ink

GSM G)oba) !y!tem for Mobi)e communication!

M<A Ma!t <ead Am$)ifier

MS Mobi)e Station

M% ordic Mobi)e %e)e$+one !y!tem

(% non,rea) time data= !ee a)!o (%

#D> #robabi)ity Den!ity >unction

7oS 7ua)ity of Service

(C (adio et3ork Contro))er

(% (ea) %ime data= !ee a)!o (%

S< Soft <andver

S(C Smart (adio Conce$t

%E%(A %erre!tria) Euro$ean %runked (Adio

-L -$)ink

-M%S -niver!a) Mobi)e %e)e$+ony Sy!tem

WCDMA Wideband code divi!ion mu)ti$)e acce!!



A--endi* 1

GN#AT"ON O! MO$"% USAG !O# :G+S'STMS

%+i! !ection dea)! 3it+ t3o a!$ect! of mobi)e u!ae

• <o3 to arrive on 4< :4u!y <our; traffic fiure! from

mont+)y traffic fiure!

• W+at kind of $o!!ib)e a$$)ication! are be+ind t+e

!ervice! and +o3 often are t+ey u!ed

Deri9ation o( 4us3 /our tra((ic (igures (rom mont/l3 tra((ic (igures

%+e mont+)y traffic fiure! $er u!er iven in %ab)e 1 :in

Mbyte@mont+; are fir!t converted into mont+)y traffic fiure! in

kbit@mont+ by

[ ] [ ]mon#h MB*#emon#hkbi# # # // D8192= =

!ince 1 Mbyte e0ua)! 812 kbit.

Dai)y u!ae i! e!timated by a!!umin t+at 2 day! $er mont+

enerate t+e tota) mont+)y traffic :exc)udin $art! of t+e

3eekend!;= and t+e bu!y +our )oad i! a!!umed to be 1I of t+e dai)y

)oad :i.e. * bu!y +our! $er day;. %+erefore t+e bu!y +our )oad

fo))o3! a!

[ ][ ]

21,0

/

/

mon#hkbi#

BH kbi# BH

# # = .

%+e averae data rate for a !$ecific !ervice i! t+en ca)cu)ated by

Hoice@Circuit,!3itc+ed !ervice!?[ ]

[ ]

R

# #

BH kbi# BH

Elang a%3:00

/=

#acket,!3itc+ed !ervice!?[ ]

[ ]

3:00

/

/

BH kbi# BH

!kbi# a%

# # =

3+ere R i! t+e data rate of t+e corre!$ondin circuit,!3itc+ed

!ervice :12=2 kbit@! for voice;.

Possi4le a--lications and usage -atterns

4a!ed on interna) inve!tiation! and e!timation! 3e identified

ty$ica) data amount! for variou! !ervice! :!ee %ab)e '" for

do3n)ink fiure!;.



Ta4le ;0) Donlin data amounts (or 9arious ser9ices

Ser9ice t3-e Data amount ,in43te Descri-tion

>i)e tran!fer 1"" E,mai) 3it+ attac+ment=

E,mai) 3@o

attac+ment

2 Sim$)e E,mai)

/mae @ MM Me!!ain " #ixe)$icture!= $+oto!=

video

/nteractive Game! &"" Lent+ Min.= e..

%etri!= Car racin

>)eetmanaement "=16 #o!ition u$date!=

Hideo Ca)) 2 6" Lent+ Min.

(obot!@ Hendin

Mac+ine!

"=16 Contro) by SMS

Web 4ro3!e " Lent+ 1 Min.

Location de$.

Service

" Many $icture!= e..

ma$!= $+oto!

/nfo Service! "=16 Stock!= 3eat+er= !$ort!

Mu!ic do3n)oad 1 "2' Lent+ 1 Min. :M#EG&;

Mu!ic !treamin :Web

radio;

2" Lent+ 1 Min. :rea)

audio;

Hideo do3n)oad 2 16" Lent+ &" Min.

%oet+er 3it+ t+e mont+)y data amount! iven in %ab)e 1 t+e u!ae

fre0uency for different !ervice! can be determined by !im$)edivi!ion :and adu!tment for t+e unit!;. %+e re!u)tin u!ae i!

iven in %ab)e '1 to %ab)e '&. ote t+e +*,connection bet3een t+e

!ervice ty$e!= i.e. it i! a!!umed t+at t+e tota) amount of do3n)ink

data i! enerated by one !ervice.

Ta4le ;1) Ser9ice usage (or 1= 4it8s #T+ser9ices

Ser9icet3-e

Scenario

Descri-tion

%oas3mmet

r3

Mediumas3mmetr

3

2ig/as3mmetr

3E,mai)

3@o?

1&=6 1&=6 1&=6 Sim$)e E,mai)

(

>)eetmana

e,ment

16=2 16=2 16=2 #o!ition u$date!=

1" +our! $er day=

one u$date $er

&"min

(

/nfo

Service!

16=2 16=2 16=2 Stock!= 3eat+er=

!$ort!

Ta4le ;5) Ser9ice usage (or =; 4it8s N#T+ser9ices

Ser9icet3-e

Scenario Descri-tion



%oas3mmetr3

Mediumas3mmetr

3

2ig/as3mmetr

3/mae @

MM

Me!!ain

6=1 1"=2 1'=& #ixe)$icture!=

$+oto!= video

(

/nteracti

ve Game!

1=" 1=* 2=' Lent+ Min.=

e.. %etri!= Car

racin

(

Hideo

Ca))

"=1 "=1 "=1 Lent+ Min.

(

Web4ro3!e

6=1 6=1 6=1 Lent+ 1 Min.



Ta4le ;:) Ser9ice usage (or :@; 4it8s N#T+ser9ices

Ser9icet3-e Scenario Descri-tion

%oas3mmetr3

Mediumas3mmetr3

2ig/as3mmetr3

Mu!ic

do3n)oad

*= 1"=" 18=" Lent+ 1 Min.

:M#EG&;

(

Mu!ic

!treamin

:Web

radio;

&"=* '1=" *&=* Lent+ 1 Min.

:rea) audio;

(Hideo

do3n)oad

"=1 "=1 "=2 Lent+ &" Min.



A--endi* 5

NTD"M+CA%CU%AT"ON P#OCDU#S AND !O#MU%AS

O9er9ie

etDim i! a net3ork dimen!ionin too) for M% :ordic Mobi)e

%e)e$+one Sy!tem;= GSM= %E%(A :%erre!tria) Euro$ean %runked (Adio;=

and WCDMA,!y!tem!. /n t+e fo))o3in on)y t+e WCDMA,dimen!ionin

enine i! de!cribed in detai). >iure '' ive! an overvie3 of t+e

dimen!ionin $roce!!.

1D 'RA,,BC PR C!!rang or <;it

2D 'RA,,BC CHA&&!S

3D PH(SBCA! CHA&&!S.>traffi$ $anne+SHO

4D B&'R,RB&? CHA&&!S.>p)i$a $anneIa$ti:it) fa$tor

5D ,RAC'BO&A! !OA"

!igure ;; NetDim calculation (lo. S2O stands (or So(t 2ando9erO9er/ead.

etDim $erform! t+e fo))o3in !te$!

1. Determine t+e re0uired traffic $er ce)) in Er)an! :voice

and (% :(ea),%ime;,data; or in bit@! :(% :on,(ea)

%ime;,data;.

2. Ca)cu)ate t+e re0uired traffic c+anne)! $er ce)). >or

voice and CS,data !ervice! t+e ca)cu)ation! are ba!ed on

t+e Er)an,4 formu)a 3+erea! for $acket data t+e

ca)cu)ation! are ba!ed on t+e re0uired t+rou+$ut.

Hoice and (%,data )E F ( #affic pobbloc ElangBch!#ch! = =

3+ere #ch! i! t+e number of traffic c+anne)! ), F ( #affic pobbloc ElangBch!

denote! t+e Er)an,4 formu)a a$$)ied to a !y!tem +avin a b)ockin

$robabi)ity of pobbloc F and a traffic $er ce)) of #afficEr)an!.

(%,dataCU

#o#al bi#

R

#ho$ghp$# R#ch!

)2(, −×= =

3+ere #o#al bi# R

, denote! t+e tota) $acket,!3itc+ed data rate $er ce))=

#ho$ghp$# i! a va)ue bet3een " and 1 and take! t+e bur!tine!! of



$acket data into account= and CU R i! t+e data rate $er traffic

c+anne).

&. Determine t+e $+y!ica) c+anne)! $er carrier for eac+

!ervice c)a!!. %+ey are ca)cu)ated !e$arate)y for u$)ink

and do3n)ink.

#+y!ica) c+anne)! for -L?

caie!

#ch!ch! ph UL = F =

3+ere caie! i! t+e number of carrier! avai)ab)e to t+e!y!tem.

#+y!ica) c+anne)! for DL?

caie!

oh H+&of# #ch!ch! ph DL

) F F 1( F

+×= =

3+ere oh H+&of# F F i! t+e !oft +andover over+ead of t+e WCDMA,

!y!tem.

otice t+at t+e number of traffic c+anne)! can be

different for -L and DL) F F ( DLUL ch! phch! ph ≠.

'. Determine t+e interferin c+anne)! from t+e o3n ce)) :-L

and DL; for eac+ !ervice c)a!!.

ac#i%i#*ch! phmi ×= F =

3+ere ac#i%i#* denote! t+e u!er activity durin a

connection :u!ua))y :7,0=ac#i%i#* for voice !ervice! and

1=ac#i%i#* for a)) data !ervice!.

>rom t+e interferin c+anne)! etDim ca)cu)ate! t+e

fractiona) )oad! for -L and DL

-$)ink fractiona) )oad= iUL fL

,= for a !ervice c)a!! i!?

( )UL

UL B& bi

iUL iW

R MDCgain N E m fL +×

×−×

= 1/

,0

,

3+ere m i! t+e number of interferin c+anne)! in t+e

!ervice c)a!! con!idered. %ota) u$)ink )oad= ULη = can be

obtained by ca)cu)atin t+e !um of u$)ink fractiona)

)oad! over t+e a)) !ervice c)a!!e!= I i ,,1=

=

∑=

= I i

iULUL fL

,,1

,η .



Do3n)ink fractiona) )oad= i DL fL

,= for a !ervice c)a!! i!

( ) DL DL

DL M& bi

i DL iW

R MDCgain N E m fL +−×

×−×

= α 1/ ,0

,

Aain= t+e tota) do3n)ink )oad= DLη = can be obtained by

ca)cu)atin t+e !um of do3n)ink fractiona) over a))

!ervice c)a!!e!

∑=

= I i

i DL DL fL,,1

,η .

ote t+at t+e fractiona) )oad due to contro) c+anne)! i!

ne)ected in t+e ca)cu)ation!.

#euired signal -oer

%+e re0uired !ina) $o3er at t+e B receiver and at t+e MS receiver

mu!t be ca)cu)ated !e$arate)y for eac+ !ervice c)a!! and for eac+

ba!e !tation ty$e= becau!e eac+ !ervice c)a!! and ba!e !tation ty$e

can +ave different b$N o re0uirement!.

etDim fir!t ca)cu)ate! t+e noi!e $o3er of t+e receiver and t+e

re0uired / c$N o= t+e enery $er c+i$ :before de!$readin; over t+e

!$ectra) noi!e den!ity= in order to obtain t+e re0uired !ina)$o3er at t+e receiver

%+e noi!e $o3er of t+e 4S fo))o3! a!

W T k B& ) noi!e B& noi!e ×××= 0, =

3+ere t+e noi!e B& i! t+e noi!e fiure of t+e 4S= k i! t+e 4o)t9mann

coefficient=o

T i! t+e tem$erature= and W i! t+e !$readin

band3idt+.

Simi)ar)y t+e noi!e $o3er of t+e MS fo))o3! a!

W T k M& ) noi!e M& noi!e ×××= 0, =

3it+ noi!e M& bein t+e noi!e fiure of t+e MS.

%+e re0uired c$/ o for t+e 4S i! iven a!

( )10

/ ,0

10

)1(

)/(UL B& b MDCgain N E

UL

B& oc

LW

R I E

−

×

−×

=

and for t+e MS a!



( )10

/ ,0

10

)1(

)/( DL M b MDCgain& N E

DL

M& oc

LW

R I E

−

×

−×

= .

%+e re0uired !ina) $o3er at t+e receiver= M& B& &

,= i! obtained by

!ummin u$ t+e noi!e $o3er and t+e re0uired / c$N o%

M& B& oc M& B& noi!e M& B& I E ) & ,/,, )/(+= .

%in 4udget

-$)ink i!otro$ic $at+ )o!! can be ca)cu)ated= 3+en t+e u$)ink )oad

and t+e re0uired !ina) $o3er for a 4S are kno3n. >iure ' and

>iure '6 !+o3 t+e ca)cu)ation $rocedure! for t+e )ink budet.

Regired Signal @oer

=o$$e$ G ;ain$

Recei"ing +nd

H$otropic @oer

Ipt poer

=o$$e$ G ;ain$H

+R@

&

6ran$mitting +nd

$otropic @at- =o$$

9 9:N; BD5ET

!igure ;<) U-lin lin 4udget



Reguired Signa Power

!oe J ?ain

Re$ei:ing nd

+ Botropi$ Power

! BP!

"! BP! $orr$tion6"! BP!

6

BRP

DL LIN3 BUDGET

S,M differen$e

!oe J ?ain

'ran*itting nd

+ Output Power per Conne$tion

!igure ;=) Donlin lin 4udget

-L i!otro$ic $at+ )o!! :/#L;= )ocation $robabi)ity and ce)) rane

-$)ink i!otro$ic $at+ )o!! define! t+e initia) ce)) rane. %+e -L,

/#L and t+e ce)) rane are ca)cu)ated for eac+ !ervice c)a!!. ne

of t+e ce)) rane! i! determined a! t+e !e)ected ce)) raneaccordin to t+e u!er! definition of !e)ection criteria for

!ervice! and ce)) !i9e!.

etDim !et! t+e !e)ected ce)) rane to be t+e !ma))e!t ce)) rane

from t+e rou$ of !ervice c)a!!e! t+at u!er +a! !$ecified out of

four o$tion! avai)ab)e?

1. Hoice

2. Hoice P CS,data

&. Hoice P #,data

'. Hoice P CS,data P #,data

>or exam$)e= if t+e u!er +a! c+o!en t+e !e)ection criteria Hoice=

t+en etDim !e)ect! t+e voice !ervice c)a!! t+at +a! t+e !ma))e!t

ce)) rane to be t+e !e)ected !ervice c)a!!.

DL i!otro$ic $at+ )o!!

Do3n)ink i!otro$ic $at+ )o!! :DL /#L; i! an averae va)ue in t+e

ce)) and it i! ca)cu)ated for eac+ !ervice c)a!!. /t i! u!ed to

ca)cu)ate t+e re0uired 4S %B :tran!mitter; $o3er. /t i! obtained

from t+e -L /#L ba!ed on t+e ce)) rane and t+e D0 path loss

correction coefficient. %+e D0 path loss correction coefficient

define! +o3 muc+ t+e a9erage $at+ )o!! i! !ma))er t+an t+e $at+)o!! to t+e cell edge. %+i! $arameter can be defined !e$arate)y foreac+ !ervice c)a!!. %+u!= t+e DL /#L i! ca)cu)ated by takin t+e

/#L to t+e ce)) ede and reducin it by co lo!! pa#h DL F F F .



co lo!! pa#h DLipl ipl DL edgecell F F F F

F

−= .

4S %B $o3er

%+e )ink budet ive! t+e averae 4S %B $o3er $er connection for

eac+ !ervice c)a!!. %+e 4S %B $o3er $er connection i! defined from

t+e averae DL i!otro$ic $at+ )o!!.

%ota) 4S %B $o3er i! obtained by !ummin u$ t+e %B $o3er re0uired

for a)) !ervice c)a!!e! and t+e %B $o3er re0uired for contro)

c+anne)!.

Calculation -rocedure in NetDim

%+e ca)cu)ation $rocedure in etDim fo))o3! t+e f)o3 c+art of

>iure '*. %+e dimen!ionin ca!e can be eit+er ca$acity, or

coverae,)imited. %+i! i! taken into account by t+e t3o branc+e! of

t+e f)o3 c+art.



1D B&P' GA!S

2D SB'S ,OR COGRA?

3D CAPACB'( O, 'H SB'S'e *aEi*u* $apa$it) tat a ite $an offer

wit *aED ! oad i $a$uated ereD

A2D SB'S ,OR COGRA?

A3D CAPACB'( O, 'H SB'S

'e *aEi*u* $apa$it) tat a ite $an offer wit *aED ! oad i $a$uated ereD

A4D RKBR" 'RA,D L O,,R" 'RA,D

A1D R"C MAD ! !OA"

'R ,A!S

C1D 'O'A! &MR O, SB'S

4D RKBR" 'RA,D O,,R" 'RA,D

COVERAGE DOMINATING CASEOpti*i/ing te *aE ! oad to redu$e

te nu*;er of ite for $o:erageD

CA(ACIT4 DOMINATING CASE Adding $arrier and ite to in$reae

te offered traffi$D

'R,A!S

1D N O, CARRBRS L MA N O, CARR

'R ,A!S

2D A"" CARRBRS

3D CAPACB'( O, 'H SB'S

'e *aEi*u* $apa$it) tat a ite $an offer wit *aED ! oad i $a$uated ereD

4D RKBR" 'RA,D O,,R" 'RA,D

'R,A!S

5D CA!C!A' &MR O, SB'S

C2D !OCA'BO& PROAB!B'BS

!igure ;?) NetDim calculation -rocedure

>o))o3in t+e f)o3 c+art in >iure '* t+e fo))o3in !te$! are

$erformed

1. %+e u!er define! t+e in$ut va)ue!= 3+ic+ !+ou)d be taken

from !trateic $)annin :re0uired coverae area! over

time;= marketin :!ub!criber number!= t+eir be+avior= and

!$atia) di!tribution;= and from net3ork $)annin :area

ty$e di!tribution= 4S and MS confiuration!;

2. etDim ca)cu)ate! t+e number of !ite! re0uired for

coverae u!in t+e maximum a))o3ab)e -L )oad defined by

t+e u!er.



aea&i#e

(ea fo &i#e!

F co" F F = =

3+ere (ea i! t+e area to be covered and (ea&i#e F i! t+e

coverae area $er !ite iven by

( ) 2 F F F angecell &elec#ed k aea&i#e ×= =

3+ere k i! a factor de$endin on t+e number of !ector!:An area can be fu))y covered 3it+ +exaon!= +o3ever= t+e

ce)) !+a$e i! 5 !im$)y !$oken 5 a circ)e= no3 k i! )e!!

t+an π to ca)cu)ate t+e area of t+e :!ma))er; +exaonin!tead of t+e :)arer; circ)e if no3 & !ector! are

uti)i9ed at t+e 4S= k denote! t+e ratio of t+e area oft+ree +exaon! 3it+in t+e circ)e to t+e circ)e area 5 !ee

a)!o A$$endix &; and angecell &elec#ed F F i! t+e ce)) radiu! of t+e

!e)ected !ervice c)a!!.

Ce)) rane i! ca)cu)ated for eac+ !ervice c)a!! by u!in

t+e maximum -L )oad !$ecified by t+e u!er. A! ex$)ained

above t+e u!er can !et different !e)ection criterion! to

define from 3+ic+ !ervice c)a!!e! t+e ce)) rane i!

!e)ected. %+e !e)ected ce)) rane i! !ma))e!t rane from

t+e !ervice c)a!!e! t+at t+e u!er +a! c+o!en.

etDim u!e t+e !e)ected ce)) rane to ca)cu)ate t+e

number of !ite! for coverae.

&. etDim ca)cu)ate! t+e offered traffic $er ce)) for eac+

kind of ba!e !tation and eac+ !ervice c)a!!.

%o obtain t+e ca$acity a ce)) can offer= etDim

ca)cu)ate! fir!t t+e re)ative traffic for eac+ !ervice

c)a!!. %+e re)ative traffic i! obtained from t+e

traffic@!ub!criber di!tribution iven by t+e u!er. >rom

t+e re)ative traffic etDim ca)cu)ate! t+e number of

traffic c+anne)! re0uired for eac+ !ervice c)a!!. /n t+e

voice and CS,data !ervice c)a!! ca)cu)ation!= t+e Er)an,

va)ue! are !ummed u$ to obtain t+e tota) number of

traffic c+anne)! for t+e!e !ervice!.

%+e re)ative traffic c+anne)! $er !ervice c)a!! are

obtained from t+e re)ative traffic by mu)ti$)yin it 3it+

t+e coefficient subs$cell= t+e number of !ub!criber! $er

ce)). %+e offered ce)) ca$acity i! ca)cu)ated in an

iterative )oo$= 3+ere etDim trie! to maximi9e t+e

subs$cell,coefficient.

relative traffic (subs$cell) 1 relative traffic chs

>rom t+e traffic c+anne)! $er ce)) etDim ca)cu)ate! t+e

fractiona) )oad of a !ervice c)a!!= a! ex$)ained in #art

8.



%o determine t+e offered traffic $er ce)) t+e coefficient

(subs$cell) i! maximi9ed to fu)fi)) t+e fo))o3incondition!?

2plin# load 3 4a. uplin# load

and

Donlin# load 3 !

and

B 56 poer 3 4a. B 56 poer

%+i! iterative ca)cu)ation i! done for every ba!e !tation

ty$e in t+e dimen!ionin $)an.

'RA,,BCrang or <;it

'RA,,BCrang or <;it

'RA,,BC CHA&&!S'RA,,BC CHA&&!S

PH(SBCA! CHA&&! SPH(SBCA! CHA&&!S

B&'R,RB&? CHA&&!SB&'R,RB&? CHA&&!S

,RAC'BO&A! !OA",RAC'BO&A! !OA" !oad

S ' power S ' POWR Re-uired S ' power

Lii&i', 1ac&ors:

7icture 8.8 Calculation flo in the iterative loop that calculates

the offered capacity of the cell.

'. etDim determine! if t+e !ite! needed for coverae any3ay

can carry t+e re0uired traffic. /f t+e an!3er i! ye!= t+e

dimen!ionin ca!e i! coverae )imited= ot+er3i!e it!

ca$acity,)imited. De$endent on t+e ca!e= different

$rocedure! are invoked in t+e fo))o3in.

Coverae,)imited ca!e

A1. etDim decrea!e! t+e -L )oad :3+ic+ mean! t+at t+e ce))

rane increa!e!;.

A2. etDim ca)cu)ate! t+e number of !ite! for coverae 3it+

t+e ne3 -L )oad.



A--endi* :

CA%CU%AT"ON O! C%% S"KS DU#"NG NT6O#7 D"MNS"ON"NG

no3in t+e ce)) !i9e enab)e! u! to ca)cu)ate t+e coverae area of

a !ite. %ake a !ite +avin an mni,antenna a! exam$)e= t+e ce))

area ( fo))o3! a!

π 2 ( = =

3+ere denote! t+e ce)) radiu!.

<o3ever= an area cannot be fu)) covered 3it+ circ)e!. %+e mo!t

common !tructure :a)t+ou+ in enera) not va)id in rea)ity; for

ac+ievin contiuou! area coverae i! t+e +exaon. /n net3ork

dimen!ionin 3e a!!ume t+erefore t+at t+e coverae area of eac+

!ite i! one or more +exaon!. %+erefore t+e formu)a iven above +a!

to be modified to yie)d

k ( 2= =

3it+ k a! a factor takin into account t+e number of !ector! on

t+e !ite. %ab)e '' ive! t+e numerica) va)ue! for k for variou!

number! of !ector! $er 4S.

Ta4le ;;) Num4er o( sectors and corres-onding k +9alue

Sectors

" +9alue

mni 2=6

1 "=6

2 1=&

& 1=

6 2=6

>iure '8 !+o3! t+e a!!um$tion! for derivin t+e numerica) va)ue

for k for an omni and a &,!ector,!ite.



k J!circle

!-eagon J2,:

(a) Imni&Site

k J!circle

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.

!igure ;@) Area co9erage it/ /e*agons. ,a Omni+siteL ,4 :+sectorsite.



A--endi* ;

T2 NO7"A SMA#T #AD"O CONCPT ,S#C

Durin t+e ro))out $+a!e of &rd eneration ce))u)ar net3ork! it i!

e!!entia) to $rovide maximum coverae area 3it+ a )imited number

ba!e !tation !ite!. %+e !o)ution for maximum coverae !+ou)d

+o3ever $rovide enou+ f)exibi)ity for ca$acity ex$an!ion! 3+en t+e

number of !ub!criber! and traffic in t+e net3ork i! ro3in.

%+e okia Smart (adio Conce$t :S(C; +a! been deve)o$ed to fu)fi))

t+e!e re0uirement!. /t remarkab)y im$rove! t+e u$)ink $erformance=

3+ic+ norma))y i! t+e )imitin factor in WCDMA net3ork! 3+ere

traffic )oad i! re)ative)y )o3. >urt+ermore= it can be u$raded to

im$rove do3n)ink $erformance= t+u! !u$$ortin ca$acity increa!e in

t+e net3ork a! 3e)).

>iure ' ive! an overvie3 of t+e $+a!e! of S(C and t+e

corre!$ondin im$rovement!?

• S#C in u-lin) -ti)i9e! ',3ay -L rece$tion diver!ity

re0uirin ' )oica) antenna! :2 cro!!,$o)ari9ed or '

)inear)y $o)ari9ed $+y!ica) antenna!;. %+e $at+)o!!,

curve :3+ic+ i! e0uiva)ent to coverae; move! u$= i.e.

nearer to t+e do3n)ink. %+i! reduce! t+e number of

!ite! for t+e !ame number of !ub!criber! or increa!e!

t+e coverae reion $er !ite.

• S#C in u-+ and donlin) -ti)i9e! ',3ay -L rece$tion

diver!ity and DL tran!mi!!ion diver!ity. /n DL

direction t+e !ina) i! tran!mitted from more t+an one

antenna or tran!mit antenna! are !3itc+ed. Accordin

to &G## :&rd Generation #artner!+i$ #roect; !tandard!

bot+ o$en and c)o!ed )oo$ do3n)ink diver!ity met+od!

are avai)ab)e. +pen loop mean! t+at t+ere i! no

feedback from t+e MS to t+e 4S about t+e 0ua)ity of

t+e received !ina)= t+e 4S !3itc+e! tran!mi!!ion

bet3een t+e antenna! accordin to 3+ic+ one $rovide!

t+e be!t $ro$aation $at+ to t+e MS :to be derived

from -L mea!urement!;. Closed loop mean! t+at t+e MS

ive! feedback to t+e 4S about t+e 0ua)ity of t+e

received :combine'd; !ina)= 3+ic+ i! tran!mitted from

more t+an one antenna :!im$)e beamformin;.



From <<<

2&a RC di"er$it

Co%eage

Capaci#*

plin#

Do8nlin#

To <<<

4&a RC di"er$it

Ine 6C antenna

Co%eage

Capaci#*

plin#

Do8nlin#

5ltiple 6 antenna$

!igure ;E) O9er9ie o( S#C



A--endi* <

UP%"N7 AND DO6N%"N7 SU$SC#"$# DNS"T"S !O# T2 CONS"D#D $S+CON!"GU#AT"ONS

%+i! a$$endix ive! a)) number! for t+e curve! re)atin u$)ink and

do3n)ink !ub!criber den!ity to t+e number of !ite! for urban=

!uburban= and rura) area!.

Standard Con(iguration

Ur4an Area

Ma*imum u-linsu4scri4er densities>1;; 4it8s+co9erage

Ma*imum u-linsu4scri4er densities>:@; 4it8s+co9erage

Ma*imum donlinsu4scri4er densities

umber

of

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Lo3

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metry

Medium

a!ym,

metry

<i+

a!ym,

metry

Lo3

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metry

Medium

a!ym,

metry

<i+

a!ym,

metry

Lo3

a!ym,

metry

Medium

a!ym,

metry

<i+

a!ym,

metry

2"

&"

'"

"

6"

*"

8" 16'6=' 1*'=8 1'"=8 16'6=' 1*'=8 1'"=8

" &8'1=* &6*'=6 &&8=1 &8'1=* &6*'=6 &&8=1

1"" 81=* 6&= 11= 81=* 6&= ''*=

11" *8&&=& *'2=* 6"2=' *6&"=" 66&1=" ""2=*

12" 61= 2*"= 8'"=1 216=6 2&*= 2'=' 8&2&=* *2&&=8 '*=1&" 11'8=

2

1"8=

1"12"=

&

2&*=6 2&"*= 21&*=* "1*=& *8&6=6 12=&

1'" 1&226=

&

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1" 1'2'=

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6

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2

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Su4+ur4an Area




umber

of

Site!

Lo3

a!ym,

metry

Medium

a!ym,

metry

<i+

a!ym,

metry

Lo3

a!ym,

metry

Medium

a!ym,

metry

<i+

a!ym,

metry

Lo3

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metry

Medium

a!ym,

metry

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a!ym,

metry

2"

&"

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6"

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8""

1""

11" '66=" ''=6 '1"= '66=" ''=6 '1"=

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1&" 1&=6 1&*=' 1'"=1 1&=6 1&*=' 1'"=1

1'" 211*=* 2"'&=" 186*=2 211*=* 2"'&=" 16'1=8

1" 2621=8 22=& 2&11=8 2621=8 2&"=1 1*=1

16" &1"= 2=8 2*'1=8 28= 2"6=8 18*6='

1*" &8&= &'*=1 &1=* 16&=& 1*8=" 1''=" &"&8=* 266&=' 1&=6

18" '"'=8 &"&=1 &6*=' *&"=1 *16=& 6'&=* &21*=' 282"=1 211"=

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21" &*8=* 18=" '*'2=6 2&1"=1 221*=' 2"&6= &*&=6 &2"=1 2'62=*

22" 8"8=* 6"&=8 121=8 28"=2 268*=8 2'*&= &&2=' &''6=8 28"="

2&" 62&&=" 6"1&=2 '= &28*=8 &1'6=& 28=" '111=1 &6"&= 26*=&

2'" 662=& 6'1*=* 86=6 &*=2 &'=& &&1'=6 '28= &*6"=2 281'=

2" *"6*=2 681*= 62&1=' '22"=* '"&2= &*21= ''68=6 &16=8 2&1=8

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Mediuma!ym,

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metry

2"

&"

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12" 22=6 281=' 28=2 1*= 18=" 1*=& 2'*= 216=6 162=*

1&" &'=8 &&2= &"=1 82=' *=6 *&=& 268= 2&'=6 1*6=&



1'" &*=' &82=2 &"=* 1'&=6 1&8=" 126= 28=2 22=* 18=8

1" ''*=8 '&"=* &=1 2"2=" 1&=* 1**=& &"=8 2*"=* 2"&='

16" '*=2 '*8=2 '&8=* 28=& 2'*=' 226=1 &&"= 288=8 21*="1*" '=* 2'= '81= &12=6 2=2 2*&=& &1=1 &"6=8 2&"=

18" &= *"=8 2&=* &6=& &'=6 &1=2 &*1=8 &2'= 2''=1

1" 6'"=* 616=2 6=& '16=* &8=6 &6&= &2=' &'2= 2*=6

2"" 68*=' 661=1 6"6= '66= ''6=6 '"*= '1&=1 &61=" 2*1=2

21" *&&=6 *"= 6'*=& 16=1 '&= '"=& '&&=* &*=" 28'=8

22" **=& *'= 68*=* 6'= &=* '2=& ''=' &*=1 28=&

2&" 82'=8 *&=2 *2*=* 612=" 8=" &&=* '*=" '1=1 &11=

2'" 86= 8&6=6 *6*= 68= 62=8 *'= '=* '&&=2 &2='

2" 1'=* 8*=* 8"*=1 *"=1 6*&= 61'=* 16=' '1=2 &&="

Standard Con(iguration it/ Mast+2ead Am-li(iers

Ur4an Area




umber

of

Site!

Lo3

a!ym,

metry

Medium

a!ym,

metry

<i+

a!ym,

metry

Lo3

a!ym,

metry

Medium

a!ym,

metry

<i+

a!ym,

metry

Lo3

a!ym,

metry

Medium

a!ym,

metry

<i+

a!ym,

metry

2"

&"

'"

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8" '182=8 &&"=" &82=& &&'=& 281= 2"&=8

" &86=" "6"=' '612=* 1286=' 12"8=6 11"1=* &818=6 &2"8=" 22'=8

1"" 6&=' 61''=1 6""= 2&*=2 2&8&=8 21*2= '2'2=8 &6'=' 2'=8

11" *6=8 *1&=" 66=6 &*1'=" &'8= &18"=8 '66*=1 &2"= 28"'=*

12" 8*'&= 821=& *'88=' '8&'=2 ''1= '1'"=1 "1=' '2**=& &"=*

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umber

of

Site!

Lo3

a!ym,

metry

Medium

a!ym,

metry

<i+

a!ym,

metry

Lo3

a!ym,

metry

Medium

a!ym,

metry

<i+

a!ym,

metry

Lo3

a!ym,

metry

Medium

a!ym,

metry

<i+

a!ym,

metry

2"

&"'"

"

6"

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1"" 112=1 1"*= 66=& 1"8=* 2"= 6=8

11" 1'*= 1&66=" 12'*=* 12"8=6 1"12= *2=8

12" 1**&= 1661=6 11*=8 2'6= 2&1=& 211=& 1&18=' 11"'= *1=8

1&" 2"*8=6 1'*= 1**=" 8&=1 '6=& '=" 1'28=& 116=6 8*=8

1'" 2&*=' 222=6 2"&&=" "2= 8'=6 **2=' 1&8=2 1288=6 2&=81" 266= 2'*=' 2281=& 12"8=& 11&2=1 1"&'=1 16'8=" 1&8"=* 8=*

16" 2'= 2*6&= 22'=* 1"2= 1'"8=1 1286=2 1**= 1'*2=* 1"=*

1*" &22=6 &"2= 2*6'=1 1*88=" 16*=& 1&"=& 186*=8 16'=8 1121=*

18" &"=' &28'=& &"""=1 2"6=& 1&=" 1*6*=6 1**=6 166=8 118*=*

1" &***=8 &&= &2&&=2 2&&=* 2188=' 1=" 2"8*= 1*'8= 12&=*

2"" '"'*=2 &*2=" &'6&= 26""=& 2'&6=& 222= 21*=' 18'"= 1&1=*

21" '&1'=2 '"'2=1 &62=& 28= 26*= 2''*=6 2&"*=& 1&2= 1&8=6

22" '*8= '2"=2 &18= &11=" 218= 2666=" 2'1*=1 2"2=" 1'1=6

2&" '8'1=* '&6=' '1'&=8 &&66=2 &1&= 2881=" 22*=" 211*=" 11*=6

2'" 1"2=8 '*81=" '&6*=& &61'=" &&86=1 &"&=1 26&6= 22"=1 18&=6

2" &62=' "2'=2 '8=' &88=* &61=' &&"2= 2*'6=* 2&"1=1 16'=6

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umber

of

Site!

Lo3

a!ym,

metry

Medium

a!ym,

metry

<i+

a!ym,

metry

Lo3

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a!ym,

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metry

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metry

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metry

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metry

2"

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" 16'=1 1&=6 1'1=" '1= &=2 &6=" 11'=& =6 68=

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16" &88=& &6&=' &&&=6 268=& 21=1 2&"=' 2"&=2 1*"=" 122=

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22" 66=' &"=1 '86= '&&= '"6=1 &*2=* 2*=' 2&&=8 168='

2&" = *=& 11= '6"=' '&"= &= 22=1 2''=' 1*6="

2'" 62'= 8'= &6= '86=* '= '18=1 &"'=8 2=1 18&=*

2" 6&= 611=6 61=& 12= '8"=" ''"= &1*= 26=* 11='

Si*+Sector sites

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umber

ofSite!

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Medium

a!ym,metry

<i+

a!ym,metry

Lo3

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Medium

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umber

of

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'=& 6"=' '88=' &*1=1

22" 1

&8"=8

1

&21="

1

2&1=2

1

16=6

1

1"6=

1

"1=*

8*=1 11=* &88=*

2&" 1

'&=*

1

&"=*

1

26=2

1

2&"=1

1

1*6=8

1

"8'=

61&=8 &'= '"6='

2'" 1

26=&

1

'6"=1

1

&6"=

1

&"&="

1

2'6=

1

1'8=*

6'"= 8=2 '2'=1

2" 18=6 12=& 1'2=' 1&*=& 1&1=* 1212=' 66*=2 81=' ''1=8



#educed 4ase station -oer ,<6 $S

Ur4an Area




umber

of

Site!

Lo3

a!ym,

metry

Medium

a!ym,

metry

<i+

a!ym,

metry

Lo3

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metry

Medium

a!ym,

metry

<i+

a!ym,

metry

Lo3

a!ym,

metry

Medium

a!ym,

metry

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a!ym,

metry

2"

&"

'"

"

6"

*"

8" 16'6=' 1*'=8 1'"=8 16'6=' 1*'=8 1'"=8" &8'1=* &6*'=6 &&8=1 &8'1=* &6*'=6 &&8=1

1"" 81=* 6&= 11= 81=* &&=2 '1&2=1

11" *8&&=& *'2=* 6"2=' 6*&=* 868=* ''=&

12" 61= 2*"= 8'"=1 216=6 2&*= 2'=' *&'8=" 6'"2=& '8=

1&" 11'8=

2

1"8=

1"12"=

&

2&*=6 2&"*= 21&*=* *6"=& 6&=8 &*1=*

1'" 1&226=

&

1261=

&

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1" 1'2'=

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2

6'&*=1 61'"= 6'&=2 18=" 8""2=8 618=2

16" 1688=' 186*=2 1'61*=" 8&&&=1 *'"=' *288=8 **=& 8&6=& 6611='

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2

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*

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Area


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of

Site!

Lo3

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metry

Medium

a!ym,

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a!ym,

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Lo3

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Medium

a!ym,

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Lo3

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Medium

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v2"

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1&" 1&=6 1&*=' 1'"=1 1&=6 1&*=' 1&8=2

1'" 211*=* 2"'&=" 186*=2 211*=* 1'1=& 1'1=*

1" 2621=8 22=& 2&11=8 2&66= 2"8"=" 18=&

16" &1"= 2=8 2*'1=8 22'=* 2218=6 1*"'=8

1*" &8&= &'*=1 &1=* 16&=& 1*8=" 1''=" 2682= 2&*=& 1811='

18" '"'=8 &"&=1 &6*=' *&"=1 *16=& 6'&=* 28'"=& 2'= 11*=

1" ''8=& '&&=6 &66=& 12*'=8 12&&=8 112'=1 28=1 26&'=6 2"2'=

2"" ''2=2 '*6*= '&*=* 18""=* 1*&&=& 18*=* &1= 2**&=& 21&1="

21" &*8=* 18=" '*'2=6 2&1"=1 221*=' 2"&6= &&1&=6 211= 22&*=6

22" 8"8=* 6"&=8 121=8 28"=2 268*=8 2'*&= &'*1=' &""=6 2&''=1

2&" 62&&=" 6"1&=2 '= &28*=8 &1'6=& 28=" &62=2 &18=& 2'"=*

2'" 662=& 6'1*=* 86=6 &*=2 &'=& &&1'=6 &*8*=" &&2*= 2*=2

2" *"6*=2 681*= 62&1=' '22"=* '"&2= &*21= &''=8 &'66=6 266&=8

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umber

of

Site!

Lo3

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Medium

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2"

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11" 2&*= 228=' 2"=6 2""=' 1*=6 1&='

12" 22=6 281=' 28=2 1*= 18=" 1*=& 218=6 11=6 1'*=*

1&" &'=8 &&2= &"=1 82=' *=6 *&=& 2&6=8 2"*= 16"="

1'" &*=' &82=2 &"=* 1'&=6 1&8=" 126= 2=1 22&= 1*2='

1" ''*=8 '&"=* &=1 2"2=" 1&=* 1**=& 2*&=& 2&= 18'=*

16" '*=2 '*8=2 '&8=* 28=& 2'*=' 226=1 21= 2=' 1*="

1*" '=* 2'= '81= &12=6 2=2 2*&=& &"=* 2*1=' 2"=&

18" &= *"=8 2&=* &6=& &'=6 &1=2 &2*= 28*=& 221=6

1" 6'"=* 616=2 6=& '16=* &8=6 &6&= &'6=1 &"&=& 2&&=

2"" 68*=' 661=1 6"6= '66= ''6=6 '"*= &6'=' &1=& 2'6=2

21" *&&=6 *"= 6'*=& 16=1 '&= '"=& &82=6 &&=2 28=



22" **=& *'= 68*=* 6'= &=* '2=& '""=8 &1=2 2*"=8

2&" 82'=8 *&=2 *2*=* 612=" 8=" &&=* '1=" &6*=2 28&=2

2'" 86= 8&6=6 *6*= 68= 62=8 *'= '&*=2 &8&=1 2=2" 1'=* 8*=* 8"*=1 *"=1 6*&= 61'=* '=' &=1 &"*=8

Si*+Sector Sites it/ Mast+2ead Am-li(iers

Ur4an Area




umber

of

Site!

Lo3

a!ym,

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Medium

a!ym,

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Lo3

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Medium

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Lo3

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metry

Medium

a!ym,

metry

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metry

2"&" 1*1'=6 168=6 1'8=6 1*1'=6 16&=* 1'*="

'" "81=2 '882=8 ''**=' '"8=6 &=2 2'6=8

" 8"*"=2 **'6=2 *1&2=" &1"=" 22=' 2*22= 6&=8 ''=1 &68&=

6" 1"8=

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umber

of

Site!

Lo3

a!ym,

metry

Medium

a!ym,

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<i+

a!ym,

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Lo3

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metry

Medium

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metry

Lo3

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metry

Medium

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metry

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metry

2"

&"'" '&=8 '66=& '&"= '&=8 '*"=2 '&'=1

" 1'"&=' 1&'2=" 12&8=* 1'"&=' 12*&=8 66=8

6" 2221=8 212= 16=* 2'8= 228=6 2"=* 1*62=8 128=6 116"=1

*" 28=6 286'=' 26''=" 1126=1 1"*= =2 2"6=6 1*8&=' 1&&=

8" &*1'=1 &6=1 &2"= 128=2 18"=' 1*16= 2&"=' 2"&8=1 1'6=8

" ''18=& '2'2=' &16=1 26*8=6 2*=" 2&1= 26''=2 222= 1*'"=2

1"" 1"'= '"2=8 '2=6 &&1= &26&= &"&&=& 2&8=" 2'*=* 1&&=

11" **8= "= 12&=6 '"**=' &2=2 &6'=6 &2&1=8 28"2=' 2126=

12" 6''2=1 6188=6 *12= '*'1=6 '66=& '2'6=* &2=6 &"*=2 2&2"=2

1&" *"*=8 681=1 62'= &8=2 11=2 '828=* &81=' &&12=" 21&=6

1'" **'*=2 *''&= 68*"= 6"2&=& 8"&=1 &8=6 '11&=2 &66=* 2*"6=1" 8&1= 8"62= *''2=* 66'6=6 6'"'= 8=* ''"*=" &821= 2""=&

16" "&1= 86*8=& 8"1"=* *26"= 6*=2 61"=6 '*""=8 '"*6=& &"&=6

1*" 668=1 2"=2 8*=6 *86*=6 *82=* *"=* ''=6 '&&1=" &28*="

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of

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Medium

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Lo3

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Medium

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2"

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1'" 2&= 88'=2 811=* 8""=2 *6'=' *&8=2 '6=6 '11=8 &1"=

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16" 1"66=' 1"2"= &*=& &8=* 86=6 866=& &6=* '*"=* &=&

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18" 12"8=& 116=8 1"62=" 1"*=2 1"26= 2= 6"&=8 2= &=*

1" 12*=1 122'=6 112'=2 11'2= 1"1=6 1"=1 6&*=' 8= '21=

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21" 1'2"=2 1&=6 12'8=2 12**= 122"=1 11*=6 *"'=' 61*=8 '66=&

22" 1'"= 1'2*=" 1&1"=" 1&''=' 128'=" 12'1=' *&8=" 6'*=2 '88=

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2'" 16&1=" 161= 1'&&= 1'**=* 1'11=2 1&6'=6 8"=1 *"6=" &2=

2" 1*"1=2 1628=6 1'=1 1''=1 1'*'=6 1'26=" 8&8=6 *&=' =1

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metry

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a!ym,

metry

Medium

a!ym,

metry

<i+

a!ym,

metry

2"

&"

'"

"6" *12= 686= 6&2=6 *12= 686= 6&2=6

*" 1

*6='

1

1=

1

&=*

1

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6=2 *'8="

8" 2

&*&=

2

288=&

2

1"*='

1

2&=8

1

1"&=1

8'=

" &

12'='

&

"12=&

2

**'=1

*12= 686= 6&2=6 1

'1"=

1

2'"=

61=*

1"" &

8'2=2

&

*"'='

&

'11=

1

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1

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1

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1

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1

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11" '

&=2

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'

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2

&&2=

2

2'=2

2

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1

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1

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&

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2

68=*

2

*"=2

1

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1

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1&"

868=

68="

21"=6

&

*=1

&

68=

&

&&*='

2

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1

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1

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1'" 6

1=8

6

282="

*8=&

'

'86=6

'

&2=6

&

''=&

2

1'=2

1

&"='

1

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1" *1&=&

686=*

6&1='

18=&

'*&=&

'&&=8

2&"=

2"68=2

16"2=

16" *

*82=8

*

"&=6

6

1"=&

81&=*

6"=1

1"="

2

"*=6

2

2"6=1

1

*"=*

1*" 8

'"=6

8

1"'=1

*

'6&=&

6

'='

6

22&=8

6*2=1

2

66'='

2

&''="

1

816=6

18"

"22=8

8

6=1

8

"11=&

*

"8=

6

8&1=&

6

22=2

2

821=1

2

'81=

1

2&=

1"

6&=1

28='

8

'=

*

*"=*

*

'2=&

6

*6=6

2

**=8

2

61=8

2

"&"=&

2"" 1"

2'&=&

8*=8

"'=

8

&1*=

8

"1=1

*

&"6=6

&

1&'=

2

**=6

2

1&*=2

21" 1"8'*=8

1"'8=6

6&1=*

821=8

86"1=8

*8&*=1

&21=&

28=

22''="

22" 11

''=2

11

"&8='

1"

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1=8

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8

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&

''8="

&

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2

&"=

2&" 12

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11

61=6

1"

6*=1

1"

112=1

*'=&

8

881=8

&

6"'=*

&

1*1=&

2

'*=*

2'" 12

6'&=

12

1"=&

11

226=

1"

6=&

1"

&1=

&*=&

&

*61='

&

&"=2

2

6'=6

2" 1&

2&*=

12

*6&="

11

*&=8

11

282=2

1"

8**='

"="

&

18=2

&

''*=1

2

6*1=

#ural Area




umber

of

Site!

Lo3

a!ym,

metry

Medium

a!ym,

metry

<i+

a!ym,

metry

Lo3

a!ym,

metry

Medium

a!ym,

metry

<i+

a!ym,

metry

Lo3

a!ym,

metry

Medium

a!ym,

metry

<i+

a!ym,

metry

2"

&"

'" &6= &'= &1= &6= &'= &1=

" 1&*=8 1&1=* 12"=& 1=" *=' 61=2

6" 228=' 218=& 1=& 1*= 16=* 1=2 1"=& =2 *&='

*" &12=* 28=* 2*2=8 11=" 11"= 1""= 12*= 111=1 8=*8" &2=* &*=2 &'2=* 2"&= 16=1 1*=1 1'=* 12*=" *=

" '6= ''=" '1"=1 286=& 2*6=2 22=2 16&= 1'2=8 11"=1

1"" '=1 2"=8 '*=* &6'= &2=1 &21=6 182=1 18=* 122='

11" 618=* 1=2 &= ''"=' '2=1 &88=2 2""=& 1*'=6 1&'=6

12" 61=2 66"=' 6"&=2 1&= '=* '2=* 218= 1"=' 1'6=

1&" *62=* *28=* 66=6 8'=6 6'= 1=6 2&6=* 2"6=& 1=1

1'" 8&&= *6=' *2*=' 6'=& 6&1= **=1 2'= 222=2 1*1=&

1" "&=* 86&=' *88=6 *22=8 68=" 6&*= 2*&=1 2&8=1 18&=6

16" *&=' &"=" 8'=' *"=2 *6&=2 6*=1 21=' 2&= 1=8

1*" 1

"'2=*

6=2 "= 86=8 82*=6 *=8 &"=6 26=8 2"8=1

18" 1

111=*

1

"62=1

*"=" 22=* 81=2 81'=" &2*=8 28=* 22"=&

1" 1

18"=&

1

12*=*

1

"2=

88=" '=& 8*1=6 &'6=" &"1= 2&2=



2"" 1

2'8=*

1

1&="

1

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1

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1

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28=8 &6'=2 &1*=' 2''=8

21" 1&16=8

128=1

11'=1

111*=1

1"*="

8= &82=' &&&=& 2*="

22" 1

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1

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1

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1

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1

1'"=8

1

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2&" 1

'2=6

1

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1

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1

2''=

1

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1

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1

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1

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1

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1

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1

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2" 1

8*=*

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1

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1

&*"=*

1

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'=2 &6=8 &"6="

S#C it/ Mast+2ead Am-li(iers

Ur4an Area




umber

of

Site!

Lo3

a!ym,

metry

Medium

a!ym,

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<i+

a!ym,

metry

Lo3

a!ym,

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Medium

a!ym,

metry

<i+

a!ym,

metry

Lo3

a!ym,

metry

Medium

a!ym,

metry

<i+

a!ym,

metry

2"

&"

'" 1

22'=8

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1*'=

1

""=6

1

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1

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1" '1

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of

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Lo3

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metry

Medium

a!ym,

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<i+

a!ym,

metry

Lo3

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Lo3

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metry

Medium

a!ym,

metry

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a!ym,

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2"

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6" 8"2=" *6&=2 *"6=& 8"2=" *6&=2 *"6=&

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#ural Area




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of

Site!

Lo3

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Medium

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2"

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'" &6=8 &=1 &2=6 &6=8 &=1 &2=6

" 1'&=' 1&6= 12*=1 12&=& 1"*=8 8&=1

6" 2&8=* 22*= 211=6 2*=1 2= 2'=* 1'8=" 12=' =*

*" &2*=& &12=' 2"=1 1&2=6 126=6 116= 1*2=6 1"= 116='

8" '11= &2=8 &6'=* 22=" 218=6 2"1=& 1*=& 1*2= 1&&="

" '2=6 '*"=2 '&6=* &1=2 &"'=6 28"=2 221= 1'=" 1'=6

1"" *1=6 '=6 "6=* '"'=8 &86=' &=2 2'6=6 21=6 166=2

11" 6'=" 61= *=& '8*=1 '6=" '2*=2 2*1=& 2&*=1 182=8

12" *2=1 62=2 6'2=* 66= '1=1 '*=" 2= 28=* 1=

1&" 8""=& *6&= *"=' 6''=6 61=& 6=1 &2"=6 28"=& 216=1

1'" 8*'=* 8&'= **=& *2"=* 68*= 6&1=* &'=2 &"1=8 2&2=*

1" '8=' "=& 8'"=6 *= *=& 6*=2 &6= &2&=' 2'=&

16" 1

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18" 1

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Area


1;; 4it8s+co9erage


:@; 4it8s+co9erage


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*" &2=* &1=& 28= &2=* &1=& 28=

8" =8 *'=6 2=2 =8 *'=6 2=2

" 1121= 1"*'=' 8=6 1"61=& &'= *&&=*

1"" 161"=* 1'&=" 1'21=2 11*=2 1"&8=& 81=2

11" 2"*= 188=& 18&1=& 12*=1 11'2=1 86=*

12" 221=6 2'1=* 222=" &"=* &&= &12=* 1'1=" 12'= *8=2

1&" 2&=1 282=" 26"=* 86"=" 82&= *8=1 1&2= 1&'=8 1"=*

1'" &&*2= &2&1=2 2*6=1 1&''=" 128*= 1181=2 16"= 1'&=6 11'1=&

1" &*8&=1 &62'=1 &&&8=" 18"*=2 1*&1=2 186=& 1*68=8 1*=' 1222=8

16" '18=' '""=6 &6&=" 22&=& 218=6 1*6=' 1886=* 1661=& 1&"'=&

1*" '81=2 '&88=* '"'2=2 268=1 2*2=& 2&'=1 2""'=6 1*6=1 1&8=8

18" '*1=& '*62=' '&86= &1"'=8 2*'=& 2*21=1 2122= 1868= 1'6*=&

1" &6=* 1&1=* '*26= &1'=2 &&66= &"*=2 22'"=' 1*2=* 1'8=8

2"" *&8=" '6= "6&=" &1'=* &*"=2 &'2= 2&8=' 2"*6=6 16&"='

21" 611=8 88=8 &6=& '&"*= '126= &**&=1 2'*6=& 218"=' 1*11=22" 6'"=' 621*=* *26= '6&= ''6=& '11"=8 2'=2 228'=2 1*&='

2&" 6862=' 6*'=" 6"=" "*&=* '86"= '''&=& 2*12=1 2&88=1 18*'=

2'" *2&1= 628=" 6&81=1 ''8=6 21=* '**1=& 28&"=" 2'1= 16='

2" *=2 *2*= 6*"=2 818= *'=' "=2 2'*= 2=* 2"&*=

#ural Area




umber

of

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" 1"=" =* 8=8 1"=" =* 8=8

6" *&=' *"=* 6'= *&=' *"=* 6=1

*" 1&"= 12=8 11'=8 =1 8'=2 6='

8" 18&=6 1**=" 161= 1= 1=' 1=& 1"8=6 6=& *'=8

" 2&&= 22= 2"=* 61=& =1 &= 122=2 1"8=& 8'=1

1"" 282=& 2*2=" 2'8=2 116=8 112=6 1"2=* 1&=8 12"=& &=

11" &2=1 &1*=2 28=' 16=" 162= 1'8=6 1'=' 1&2=' 1"2=8

12" &*'=8 &61=2 &2=6 218=* 21"=8 12=' 16&=" 1''=' 112=21&" '1=6 '"'=' &6=" 266= 26= 2&'=' 1*6= 16=' 121=

1'" '6&=6 ''6= '"*=8 &12=* &"1=' 2*=1 1"=1 168= 1&"=

1" "*=1 '88=8 ''6=" &*=* &''=8 &1'=6 2"&=* 18"= 1'"=2



16" "=1 &"=2 '8&= '"1=6 &8*=1 &&=2 21*=& 12= 1'=6

1*" 2=* *1=& 21=& '''=6 '28= &1=" 2&"= 2"'=6 18=

18" 6&=" 612=" 8= '86=8 '6=& '28=2 2''=' 216=6 168=&1" 6**=" 62= =' 28= "=' '6'=8 28=" 228=6 1**=6

2"" *18=* 62=* 6&2=1 6=6 '=" ""= 2*1=6 2'"=* 18*="

21" *6"=2 *&2=* 668=6 61"=2 88=1 &6=* 28=2 22=* 16=&

22" 8"1= **2= *"'= 6"=' 626= *2=" 28=8 26'=* 2"=*

2&" 8'2=6 812=2 *'1=1 6"=2 66=2 6"*=" &12=& 2*6=8 21="

2'" 88&=6 81=* ***=2 *2=* *"&=& 6'1=8 &2= 288=8 22'='

2" 2'= 81=1 81&=1 *68= *'1=1 6*6=& &&= &""=8 2&&=*

Umts Dimension Ing

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