1 Cell Dimension Ing

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SIEMENS Limited 1999ICN PLM CA NP

Radio Network Planningand Optimisation

Process Overview

Radio Network Planningand Optimisation

Process Overview


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Main TopicsProcess overview 2

Requirement analysis/preparation 2

Marketing plan 3

Service area 3

Traffic requirements 4

Acceptance test criteria/quality aspects 5

Spectrum 6

System requirements 7

Civil works constraints 8

Prepare database for planning 8

Radio field Measurements 9

Initial cell planning 9

Calculating number of sites - coverage 10

Step 1: Analyse coverage distribution 10

Step 2: Link budget analysis 11

Step 3: cell range calculation 14

Step 4: estimate the number of sites 16

Calculating number of sites - capacity 18

Step 1: Analyse traffic distribution 19

Step 2: determine site configurations 20

Step 3: calculate no. of required sites 21

Determining a rough site configuration 22

Assessment of available site locations 23

Locating nominal sites 23

Coverage predictions 24

The nominal cell plan report 25

Surveys 26

Radio survey 26

Site survey 27

Joint survey 28

Site survey reports 29

Detailed cell planning 30

Frequency planning 30

Handover parameters 32

Radio related parameters 32

The final cell plan 33

The final cell plan report 34

Radio network tuning 35

Radio network acceptance test 36

Optimisation 37

Indicators of network performance 38

Major problem areas 38

Optimisation work flow 39

Pre-analysis: general network check 39

Collect/analyse complaints 40

Collect / analyse OMC statistics 40

Collect/analyse drive tests 41

Propose/implement changes 41


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Radio Field

Measurements

Radio Field

Measurements

Initial Cell

Planning

Initial Cell

Planning

Requirement

Analysis /

Preparation

Requirement

Analysis /

Preparation

Detailed

cell planning

Detailed

cell planning

Radio

Network Tuning

Radio

Network Tuning

Network

Optimisation

Network

Optimisation

Acceptance

Tests

Acceptance

Tests

Surveys

Surveys

Implementation

Site acquisition

Process Overview


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Requirement Analysis / Preparation

Marketing plan

Service Area (coverage related)

Traffic requirement and subscriber

behaviour (capacity related) Acceptance test criteria / service quality aspects

Spectrum

System requirements

Civil works constraints

Prepare database for planning


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Service Area

Definition of the area to be covered e.g. cities, villages, highways. Includes size of the area

Type of coverage required e.g. indoor, in-car, outdoor

different requirements for different areas, e.g.

E indoor in cities

E in-car on roads

E outdoor in parks

PS! Road coverage typically one-dimensional


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Service Area

QOS (Quality of service), 2 definitions: cell edge location probability

E typically 75% for roads, 90 % for cities

cell area coverage probability

E typically between 90 to 97 %

Distribution of coverage in the planning area e.g. 50 % of the planning area is urban and requires 80 % indoor coverage

and 20 % outdoor coverage

50 % of the area requires in-car coverage only


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Traffic Requirements

Total number of expected mobile subscribers typically specified city by city

roads often assumed to be coverage limited

Distribution of traffic in the planning area e.g. 50 % of total number of expected subscribers are in urban area,

distributed into 80% in indoor coverage area and 20 % in outdoor

coverage area

Service types voice services

data services


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Traffic Requirements

Traffic forecast, subscriber growth

Traffic per subscriber, typical value: 25 mErl/subscriber

GOS (Grade of Service) or blocking probability at air interface, typical value: 2 %


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Acceptance Test Criteria / Quality Aspects

Any constraints imposed by Key Performance Indicators

(KPIs), e.g. Call setup success rate

Call setup time

Dropped call rate

Handover success rate

Speech quality

Received signal level


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Spectrum

Clarify available frequency bands Clearance of spectrum currently used by other systems

Control of unauthorised use

Network design concept e.g. GSM900 only

DCS1800 only

multi-band operation

use of overlay/underlay structure


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Spectrum

Available frequency bandwidth limitations e.g. area that close to neighbouring countries,

any guard-band regulations to be considered

Mode of channel and frequency usage e.g. full-rate only,

half-rate only

packet data traffic only

mixed

CH1 CH2 CH3 ..... 124 CH1 CH2 CH3 ..... 124

Uplink Downlink


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System Requirements

Site constraints maximum sectors allowed per site

maximum number TRXs per sector for area and road coverage

Antenna related issues type of antenna

type of diversity

Use of repeaters


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System Requirements

BTS equipment options combiner type

power amplifier type,

use of tower mounted preamplifier,

possible radiated power restrictions

Mobile types used, e.g. GSM900 2W handheld,

DCS1800 1 W handheld

CLL terminals

GPRS / HSCSD terminals


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Civil Works Constraints

Availability of existing towers availability of space for antennas

Maximum antenna height allowed

Friendly sites analysis Customer requirements/preferences e.g. use existing telecom

operators towers only

Data collecting of the existing infrastructures, based on customer

requirements

Wall mounting possible?

Environmental factors visibility of sites


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Prepare Database for Planning

Obtain Digitised Terrain Maps (DTMs)

Prepare link budgets

Set up a project in the database of the planning tool


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Radio Field Measurements

Continuous Wave (CW) measurements of selected sites

Development / modification of propagation models

Frequency audit: Checking availability of spectrum

in case it is suspected that the allocated spectrum is occupied by othersystems


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Initial Cell Planning

Objective: Creating a Nominal Cell Plan

Calculating number of sites and distribution required to meet

coverage requirement

Calculating number of sites and distribution required to meetcapacity requirement

Assessment of available site locations

Locating the nominal sites

Making coverage predictions The Nominal Cell Plan report


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Calculating Number of Sites - Coverage

Steps: Step 1: Analyse Coverage Distribution

Step 2: Link Budget Analysis

Step 3: Cell range calculation

Step 4: Estimate number of sites


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Step 1: Analyse Coverage Distribution

IN-CAR COVERAGE for rural area: 7 dB penetration loss

INDOOR COVERAGE for suburban area: 15 dB penetration loss

INDOOR COVERAGE for downtown area: 20 dB penetration loss

One-dimensional

road coverage


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Analyse Coverage Distribution

Calculate coverage area for each area classification, e.g. urban: 17 km2

suburban: 80 km2

roads: 300 km

PS! Area coverage is 2 dimensional whereas road coverage is

along a line 2-dimensional: Normally omni or 3 sectored sites

1-dimensional: Typically 2 setors


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Downlink Uplink Unit

Transmitting end (BTS) (Mobile)

Mean output power over burst 50.0 2.0 W

" 47.0 33.0 dBm

Combiner/duplexer loss (DUCOM 4:1) 5.2 n.a. dB

TX antenna cable loss 3.0 0.0 dB

TX antenna gain 18.5 0.0 dBiFrequency hop. gain 0.0 0.0 dB

TX power reduction 0.0 n.a. dB

EIRP 57.3 33.0 dBm

Receiving end (Mobile) (BTS)

Receiver sensitivity -102.0 -109.0 dBm

Combiner/duplex loss 0.0 1.4 dB

RX antenna gain 0.0 18.5 dBi

RX antenna cable loss 0.0 3.0 dB

Antenna diversity gain n.a. 4.0 dBFrequency hop. gain 0.0 0.0 dB

Min rec. level (50% cell edge loc. prob.) -102.0 -127.1 dBm

Step 2: Link Budget Analysis

Part A:

Equipment

parameters


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Downlink Uplink Unit

Miscellaneous

Inteference implementation margin 3.0 3.0 dB

Body loss 3.0 3.0 dB

Fade Margin - urban 5.0 5.0 dB

(75% cell edge location probability)

In-car penetration loss 7.0 7.0 dB

Indoor penetration loss - suburban 15.0 15.0 dBIndoor penetration loss - urban 20.0 20.0 dB

Link budget (outdoor coverage)

Max path loss (50%) 153.3 154.1 dB

Max path loss (75%) 148.3 149.1 dB

Link budget (in-car coverage)

Max path loss (50%) 146.3 147.1 dB

Max path loss (75%) 141.3 142.1 dB

Link budget (indoor cov - suburb)

Max path loss (50%) 138.3 139.1 dB

Max path loss (75%) 133.3 134.1 dB

Link budget (indoor cov - urban)

Max path loss (50%) 133.3 134.1 dB

Max path loss (75%) 128.3 129.1 dB

Link Budget Analysis

Part B:

Environmental

influences

andFinal Link

Budget


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Required input data for the link budget

Equipment related data BTS sensitivity

BTS output power (depends on type of power amplifier)

MS sensitivity (depends on MS, which the network designed for e.g.

-102 dBm for class 4 GSM900 MS)

MS output power e.g. 33 dBm (2W) for class 4 GSM900 MS

Combiner/Duplexer loss (both uplink and downlink)

Cable loss (uplink and downlink) Antenna Gain (equal for uplink and downlink)


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Theory and Additional data Frequency hopping gain

E typical value for static MS: 2 dB

E Frequency hopping gives very little or no gain for fast moving MS (~100

km/h). The gain increases with number of frequencies increase but reduces

when MS moves faster.

Diversity gain

E typical value for area with many obstructions: 4 dB

E typical value for open area: 2 dB

Interference implementation margin, typical value is 3 dB

Body loss, typical value is 3 dB


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Theory and Additional data (continue) Fade margin (depends on QoS and type of clutter e.g. 5 dB for 90%

cell area location probability in urban area)

Penetration loss

E typical value for in-car: 7 dB

E typical value for indoor suburban: 10-15 dB

E typical value for indoor urban: 15-25 dB

Result of link budget Max path loss for required QoS and each type of coverage, both uplink

and downlink


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)}*log(55.69.44/{)}()*log(82.1314.147L{ MAX[km]

10d

BSMSBSclutter HHaHK +++=

Step 3: Cell Range Calculation

Rearrange the Hata equation to find the approximate cell radius

(d [km]), for f = 925 MHz

The remaining factors i.e. Lmax, Kclutter and HBS can be derived

from:

Lmax: from the link budget, it is the max permissible path loss of the

weaker link (UL or DL) HBS : depends on the proper BTS antenna height in each area, e.g

E for town area: 25-30 m

E for rural area or road coverage: 40 - 60 m


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Cell Range Calculation

Kclutter : depends on type of the area, for example

E dense urban: 0 dB

E urban: 3 dB

E suburban: 8-11 dB

E

rural: 18-22 dBE open: 25 dB

E forest

Result from Okumura-Hata path loss equation

Cell radius (d) in km for each type of area / coverage type In practice: Use spreadsheet


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Example parameters

Parameter Unit GSM90

BTS/MS planning data

Max. output-power of MS dBm 33

MS Sensitivity dB -102

MS Antenna height m 1.5

Body loss, Interference margin dB 3 , 3Receiver S ensitivity (at rec. input) d Bm - 10 7

BTS TX/RX-Cable loss dB 3

Combiner loss (GSM Hycom2:1) dB 3.7

BTS's Antenna Gain dBi 18


Clutter type related BS planning data

Standard Deviation

Dense-/urban dB 7

Suburban dB 6

Rural dB 6

Open dB 5Forest dB 5

Diversity Gain in Uplink

Dense-/urban dB 4

Suburban dB 3

Rural dB 2

Open dB 2

Forest dB 3

Penetration LossIncar loss dB 7

Indoor loss for Dense-/urban dB 20

Indoor loss for Suburban dB 15

Indoor loss for Rural dB 10


Clutter factor

Dense urban dB 0Urban dB 3

Suburban dB 9.5

Rural dB 20

Open dB 25.5

Forest dB 11


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Example values of cell radius

30 30 30 30 50 50 50 50

50 50 25 25 50 50 25 25

90 75 90 75 90 75 90 75

0.87 1.13 0.79 1.01 1.05 1.40 0.94 1.24

3.17 4.18 2.83 3.73 4.10 5.47 3.64 4.86

1.04 1.37 0.94 1.23 1.29 1.72 1.14 1.53

3.85 5.08 3.44 4.54 5.03 6.72 4.47 5.97

2.25 2.86 2.15 2.72 2.88 3.68 2.74 3.50

6.01 7.62 5.73 7.26 8.00 10.24 7.61 9.74

5.81 7.36 5.81 7.36 7.72 9.89 7.72 9.89

11.17 14.16 11.17 14.16 15.27 19.55 15.27 19.55

17.39 21.19 17.39 21.19 24.24 29.79 24.24 29.79

7.20 8.77 6.86 8.36 9.66 11.87 9.19 11.29

7.07 8.96 7.07 8.96 9.47 12.13 9.47 12.13

11.01 13.41 11.01 13.41 15.04 18.48 15.04 18.48

4.55 5.55 4.34 5.29 5.99 7.36 5.70 7.01

Cell radius in 900 MHz system

Ant.Height(m)

Output Power(W)

% Cell boder

Threshold Area

Indoor

Outdoor

Indoor

Outdoor

Indoor

Outdoor

Indoor

Outdoor

Outdoor

Outdoor

Incar

Incar

Incar

Type of Clutter

Dense urban

Urban

Suburban

Rural(Quasi Open)

Open

Forest

Rural(Quasi Open)

Open

Forest


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RO

RS

Step 4: Estimate the Number of Sites

Rough cell coverage area calculation

For an omni site: For a sectorised site:

Cell coverage area = 2.6R2

Cell coverage area = 3 * 2.6 * RS2

/ 4RO = d (km), cell radius in each R S = d (km), cell radius in each type of area and

type of area and coverage coverage


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Estimate the Number of Sites

Calculate number of sites for each area classification, e.g. coverage area per site - urban

total urban area

no. of sites required for coverage in urban area

total urban area

coverage area per site - urban=


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Area Classification Example

Suburban

CBD

Rural


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Cell Sizes in Each Area


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Cell Size in CBD Area


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Calculating Number of Sites - Capacity

Steps: Step 1: Analyse traffic distribution

Step 2: Determine site configurations

Step 3: Calculate number of required sites


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Step 1: Analyse Traffic Distribution

15 %

10 %

20 %

8 %

30 %12 %

5 %

9400 Subscribers

25 mErl per subscriber

Total 235 Erlang

9400 Subscribers

25 mErl per subscriber

Total 235 Erlang

Determine traffic

in each area


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Traffic Distribution on a Digital Map

52 - 551

552 - 1051

1052 - 1551

1552 - 2051

2552 - 3051

3052 - 3551

3552 - 4051

4052 - 4551

4552 - 5051

5052 - 5551

5552 - 6051

6052 - 6551

6052 - 6551

6552 - 70517052 - 7551

7552 - 8051

8052 - 8551

8552 - 9051

Traffic (mErl/ km2)


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Step 2: Determine Site Configurations

Required input data: allocated frequency spectrum (number of carriers available)

cell re-use pattern e.g. 4/12 for both BCCH and TCH, 4/12 for BCCH

and 3/9 for TCH

Example 1: Determine max no. of TRXs per cell 50 carriers available

E 4/12 for both BCCH and TCH

E maximum carriers per cell = 50 / 12 = 4.17 ~ 4 (includes BCCH)

i.e. max 4 TRXs per cell (on average)


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Determine Site Configurations

Example 2: 4/12 for BCCH and 3/9 for TCH

number of carriers required for BCCH = 12

remaining carriers for TCH = 38

maximum number of TCHs per cell = 38 / 9 = 4.22 ~ 4

maximum carriers per cell = 5 (including BCCH)


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Step 3: Calculate No of Required Sites

Traffic offered from each configuration Required input data:

E Traffic per subscriber e.g. 25 mErl/sub.

E GOS (Grade of Service) e.g. 2% at air interface

E number of TCHs available for each carrier configuration, for example: 7 TCHs for 1 carrier configuration

14 TCHs for 2 carrier configuration

22 TCHs for 3 carrier configuration


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Configuration Traffic offered @ 2% GOS (Erl) Number of subscribers supported @ 25 mErl/sub.

3+3+3 44.6877 1787

2+2+2 24.6009 984

1+1+1 8.8062 352

Example : Number of subscribers supported by each configuration @ 2% GOS and 25 mErl/sub.

Calculate no of required sites (II)

Traffic offered from each configuration

Number of sites required with the maximum site configuration For example, dense urban area, indoor coverage: 6,580 expected

subscribers: Required no. of sites: 6,580 / 1,787 ~ 4 sites of configuration 3+3+3


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Determining a Rough Site Configuration

Determining whether the areas are coverage or capacity limited Comparison between number of sites required to meet coverage and

capacity* requirement, in each type of area and coverage

The project will be based on the requirement either coverage or

capacity, whichever requires more sites Number of sites required for the corresponding requirement will be

used for the further steps

*use number of sites required with the maximum configuration

CoverageCapacity


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Determining a Rough Site Configuration

Designing of the to-be-used site configuration

Selecting of site configuration used for each required-site for

the plan

For example: The plan requires total 50 sites (based on capacity requirement), which

will be:

E 3+3+3 site: 35 sites

E 2+2+2 site: 10 sites

E

omni site: 5 sites

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Assessment of Available Site Locations

Determine which available sites are suitable

Assessment of available site locations might be done before

locating the nominal site, using Tornado step, e.g. if the

customer requirements/preferences of using the existing

infrastructures has higher priority than constructing of the new

sites

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Locating Nominal Sites Using Planning Tool

Required input data DTM (digitised terrain map) of the planning area

List of existing sites

Creation of hexagon grid of the corresponding cell radius, for each

type of area and coverage

Locating of the nominal sites into the planning area, using the

corresponding hexagon grid

Preliminary design of antenna directions

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Coverage Predictions

Required input data: Site locations (longitude, latitude)

Propagation model of the planning network

E e.g. GSM900 or GSM1800

Antenna designE height, tilt

E direction

E type, pattern

EiRP (effective isotropic radiated power), based on the weaker link

(UL or DL) from the link budget calculation

Minimum received level at the MS for each type of coverage, at the

required QoS

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Coverage Prediction Example

MS Sensitivity Level: -100 dBm

Outdoor Level: -87 dBm

Indoor Outer Level: -86 dBmIndoor Metro Level: -76 dBm

Indoor CBD Level: -66 dBm

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The Nominal Cell Plan Report

Information which should be included: Explanation/description/specifications of parameters and equipment

used in the plan/report

E Input data

E

Traffic calculationE Assumptions for coverage planning

E Frequency bands

E Link budget

E Propagation model

Coverage plot Traffic plot (not always used)

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Define

search

areas!

The Nominal Cell Plan Report

Nominal Site Locations

Nominal site configurations

Cell Site Data (Nominal antenna parameters)

Site ID Site Name CoordinateRegion_Area_N(ominal) Area Name / Site Candidate Name Easting / Northing

Site ID No of Sector No of Cells No of Transceivers

Site ID Sector

Id

Antenna

Height

ALG

(m)

Antenna

Direction

()

Antenna

Type

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Surveys

Radio survey (Area visits)

Site surveys

Simulation of surveyed site alternatives

Joint site surveys with civil works engineers Site survey reports

Issuing of preferred candidate lists

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Radio Survey

The radio survey task: Description of geographical structure with respect to radio propagation

characteristics

Assignment of morphographical and building development classes to

the geographical area Search for site candidates

Result of the radio survey: Extended list of site candidates for each nominal site

Description of morphographical and building development classes and,if necessary, technical assessment of the planning area e.g. suggestions

for site types

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Site Survey

To assess the suitability of site candidates

Input for the site survey: List of site candidates / search areas

The site survey task: Technical assessment of the site candidate for serving surrounding

areas, with respect to coverage objectives

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Site Survey

Important topics to consider during evaluation: Coverage objectives (site locations)

Antenna Mounting (obstructions, etc)

Feeder Length (feeder cable loss)

Equipment room (size and location) Cable ducts / Antenna masts (construction)

Transmission Links (Microwave, fixed line)

Construction Cost (alternative solutions)

Relationship to other sites (handover, etc)

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Site Survey

The following information should be collected for each of site

candidate: Site Name, Candidate rank by radio propagation point of view

Co-ordinates and address

Local ground height Structure height and type (building/mast etc.)

Map of site area, with position of the site candidate marked

360 degree pictures of the surrounding area of the site, if possible from

the height that antenna should be placed

Building/mast. photos

Site position photos, from some distances

Interest photos e.g. obstructions

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Joint Survey

In principle this is done after the site candidate is finalised

In some cases the joint survey could be carried out in

combination with the site survey in order to save time

The joint survey team should consist of people responsible for

different tasks e.g. radio-planning

construction/civil work (CW)

site-acquisition

transmission

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Site Survey Reports

The following information should be included: Area name, Site name, Candidate rank, Address

Co-ordinates, local ground height

Infrastructure information e.g. type (tower, building), height

Description of the surrounding area e.g. type of area, obstructions Preliminary suggestion of site configuration

E e.g. site type (omni, sector), number of sectors, antenna information (type,

direction, height, tilt), BTS type, etc.

Maps with candidate location marked and site photos, 360 degree, if

available

Brief description about the suitability of the site

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Site Candidate General Information:

Area Name BANGKOK Area ID BKK001

Site ID. BKK001A Site Name Bangkok

Phase: 1 Cand.: A Rank: 1

Address(street, district)

Sukhumvit rd.

Map numberScale

1:1000 Yard

Site Survey Reports (II)

Example format PS! Photographs and sketches should be included

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Detailed Cell Planning

Antenna alignment, tilt and transmit power

Traffic calculation (# of carriers)

Frequency Planning (reuse pattern)

Interference Analysis (co- and adjacent channel)

Handover definition (neighbour list)

Radio related parameters

Creation of final cell plan documentation

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Frequency Planning

Frequency planning can be determined manually

using Automatic Frequency Planning (AFP) tool.

Advantage using manual assignment regular reuse patters can be achieved

Advantages using AFP save time

can specify priorities to different areas

Any planning should be checked by interference plots

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Frequency Planning

Automatic Frequency Planning function in the planning tool

requires: available carriers (the operators allocated frequency spectrum)

no. of carriers required per cell, based on the nominal cell plan

minimum channel spacing, within the same cell and between theneighbour cell, also depends on type of combiner, typically

E 3 carrier spacing within cell

E 2 carrier spacing between neighbours

Thresholds for Affected area (Interference) e.g.

E C/I: 9 dB *)

E C/A1: -9 dB *)

*) A margin should be added to the above figures to be on

the safe side when analsying for interference

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Frequency Planning

Exceptions/restrictions, some available carriers may be restricted in certain areas (e.g. near

country border)

E power limitation boundaries

some carriers may be used as guard bandsNote that the frequency plan should be verified by field

measurements during the tuning and optimisation process!

A1

A2A3 B1

B2B3D3

D1 C1

C2C3

D2

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Handover Parameters

List of the neighbours Cell parameters of each neighbour i.e.

E Frequency assigned

E BSIC, MSC, BSC, LAC, CI

Handover parameters Minimum received level from a neighbour cell which a MS must get to

be handed over to

Maximum output power a MS can use in a neighbour cell

Handover margin

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Radio Related Parameters

The following database parameters will be initiated for each of

the BTS: Cell parameters:

Frequency assigned (BCCH, TCH)

BSIC, MSC, BSC, LAC, Cell ID Maximum output power a MS can use in a cell, minimum received

level required to access the system

Power reduction, if any (in case the link budget is not balanced and DL

is stronger)

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The Final Cell Plan

The Final Cell Plan report contains information from: Nominal Cell plan

Site Survey reports

The essential components of the FCP are: Finalised site list (incl. location, configuration)

Finalised physical site configuration (antenna parameters) - table

Frequency plan

Neighbour lists

Radio related database parameters Plots

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The Final Cell Plan

The following plots are normally included in the FCP: Site Location Plot

Signal Coverage Plot

Co-Channel Performance Plot

Adjacent Channel Performance Plot

Optional: Best Server Boundary Plot

Carrier Frequency Allocation Plot

Offered Traffic Plot

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The Final Cell Plan Report

Tables Final site parameters (configuration, location)

Final cell site parameters (antenna parameters)

Cell

Site

ID

Site Name No

of

Sect.

Site

Config.

Coordinate

Easting / Northing

Local

Grd.

Height

(m)

Cell

Site

ID

Site Name Sect.

Id

Antenna

Height

(ALG)(m)

Antenna

Tilt

()

Antenna

Direction

()

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The Final Cell Plan Report

Frequency plan

Neighbour list

Cell

Site

ID

Sect.

Id

Cell

ID

# of

TRX

BCCH ARFCN

1

ARFCN

2

ARFCN

3

ARFCN

4

ARFCN

5

BSIC BCC LAC

Serving Cell Neighbour Cell Serving Cell Neighbour Cell Serving Cell Neighbour Cell

Site ID Site ID Site ID

Cell ID Cell ID Cell ID Cell ID Cell ID Cell ID

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Radio Network Tuning

Tune the system to meet the requirements objectives

Should be done before system launch

Continuously repeated until the accepted quality is reached

Can be considered subset of the optimisation process Tools

drive test equipment with GPS reveiver

file conversion software to planning tool format

planning tool (e.g. Planet, Tornado)

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Radio Network Tuning consists of the following loop Collecting Measurements

E Serving channel, signal level, signal quality,

Timing advance, Power setting, neighbors, etc.

Measurement AnalysisE Signal Coverage and Quality, Handover, etc.

E carried out mostly on planning tool s.a. Tornado

System Change

E Physical (antenna height, alignment, tilt, etc.)

E Database (handover margins, frequencies, etc.)

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Example: RxLev plot Example: RxQual plot

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Radio Network Acceptance Test

Purpose: To verify that the implemented network performance / meets

predefined quality objectives

Timing

After the tuning process for a specified area, having installed all BTSsaccording to the network plan

Test scenario specification of how measurements are to be performed

define target thresholds Documentation and reporting

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Radio Network Acceptance Test

The radio network quality can be evaluated by e.g. Drive tests such as:

E Received signal level (RxLev)

E Received signal quality (RxQual)

E

Handover success rateE Call connect / setup success rate

E Dropped call rate

OMC measurements

E Dropped call rate

E Handover success rateE Network congestion (for special turn-key contracts)

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Optimisation

Why optimisation

3 Coverage holes

3 Performance degradation by interference

3 Different subscriber distribution compared to that assumed for the

network design3 Unexpectedly high subscriber growth

3 Extensive network expansions ongoing

3 Frequency resources at the limit

3 Unexpected mobility profile of the subscribers

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Coverage (RxLev)

Signal Quality (RxQual)

Call Setup Success Rate

Speech Quality

Dropped Call Rate

Handover Success RateGrade of Service (air interf.)

Subscriber Satisfaction

Indicators of Network Performance

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Major Problem Areas

Radio Network no coverage

interference

blocking

handover HW/SW failures

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Collect /

analysedrive test

measuremts

Collect /

analysedrive test

measuremts

Collect /analyse

complaints

Collect /

analysecomplaints

Collect /

analyseOMC

statistics

Collect /

analyseOMC

statistics

Propose /implement

changes

Propose /

implementchanges

Repeatprocess until

agreed quality

Repeatprocess until

agreed quality

Pre-analysis:

Generalnetwork

check

Pre-analysis:

Generalnetwork

check

Optimisation Work Flow

Network Optimisation consists of the following loop

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Pre-analysis: General Network Check

Steps to be carried out: Kick-off meeting with customer

Determine original network planning objectives

Collect information about network status

Determine functional network structure, e.g. - BTS / BSC locations., antenna direction etc.

- services and features used

- network structure (macrocell, microcell etc.)

Determine the network element configuration, e.g.

- number of TRX per cell - sector / omni config.

Visit selected sites (if necessary)

Database analysis

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Collect / Analyse Complaints

Steps to be carried out: Collect operator complaints (that have not led to fault reports)

Collect subscriber / end user complaints

Categorise complaints according to importance

Analyse complaints

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Collect / Analyse OMC Statistics

Carry out and analyse traffic measurements (TCH, SDCCH)

handover success rate measurements

call success rate measurements

dropped call rate measurements

Determine the busy hour

cell congestion and load (TCH, SDCCH)

capacity requirements number of additional TRXs / sites required (if any)

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Collect / Analyse Drive Tests

Carry out and analyse received signal level (RxLev) measurements

received signal quality (RxQual) measurements

handover success rate measurements

call setup success rate measurements dropped call rate measurements

Determine e.g. coverage problems

interference problems

missing neighbour relations

abnormalities

general network performance

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Propose / Implement Changes

Changes requested using standard forms

Proper approval necessary (signatures)

Physical change requests change antenna direction, tilt, height etc.

Database change requests change frequency, add neighbour etc.

Should be implemented quickly

All involved parties must be informed Alternative to the above points: Write analysis report

consultant

1 Cell Dimension Ing

Documents

Transcript of 1 Cell Dimension Ing