Second Life Field Trip Group 2: Anh Do Amy Krueger Eric Martin
Do an (Anh Hwng)
Transcript of Do an (Anh Hwng)
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HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNGKHOA VIN THNG 1
NTT NGHIP I HC
ti:CNG NGH IPTV
V TRIN KHAI TI VIN THNG THANH HA
Sinh vin thc hin: KIU KHC CNG
H Ni - 2011
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HC VI CNG NGHB CHNH VIN THNGKHOA VIN THNG 1
NT T NGHI I HC
ti
CNG NGH IPTV
V T IN KHAI TI VIN THNG THANH HA
Gi g vi hng dn : ThS. V HNG SNSinh vi n thc hi n : KI KHC CNGLp : H09VT3
Kho : 2009-2011H : LIN THNG C-H CHNH QUY
H Ni 2011
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HC VIN
CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG
KHOA VIN THNG 1
CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT
NAM
c lp T do Hnh phc
TI N TT NGHIP I HC
H v tn sinh vin : Kiu Khc Cng
Lp : H09VT3 Kho : 2009 - 2011
Ngnh o to : in t Vin thng
H o to : HCKT i hc Chnh quy
1/ T n ti:
CNG NGH IPTV V T IN KHAI TI VIN THNG THANH HA
2/ Ni dung chnh ca n:
Gii thiu chng v IPTV.
Cu trc v Cng ngh IPTV
Trin khai ti Vin thng Thanh Ha.
3/ Ngy giao n : 15/06/2011
4/ Ngy np n : 15/08/2011
H Ni, ngy 15 thng 06 nm 2011
GIO VIN HNG DN
ThS. V Hng Sn
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NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN
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im: (bng ch ................................ . )
H Ni, ngy thng nm 2011Gio vi n hng dn
ThS: V Hng Sn
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NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN
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im: (bng ch .........................)H Ni, ngy thng nm 2011
Gio vi n phn bin
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n tt nghip ihc Mc lc
Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 ii
MC LC
MC LC ................................................................................................................ II
DANH MC HNH V .......................................................................................... VI
DANH MC BNG BIU ....................................................................................VII
THUT NG VITTT.................................................................................... VIII
LI NI U ........................................................................................................... 1
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V CNG NGH MAN-E ................................ ........ 3
1.1TNGQUANVCNGNGHVXUHNGPHTTRIN ....................... 3
1.1.1 Gii thiu chung v MAN - E ................................ ................................ ...... 31.1.2 nh gi v cng ngh mng Metro Ethernet ................................ ............. 3
1.1.2.1 Tnh d s dng ................................................................................... 3
1.1.2.2 Hiu qu v chi ph ................................ ................................ .............. 3
1.1.2.3 Tnh linh hot ...................................................................................... 3
1.1.2.4 Tnh chun ha .................................................................................... 4
1.1.3 ng dng mng MAN - E ................................ ................................ ........... 4
1.1.4 Cc xu hng cng ngh pht trin mng MAN - E v ng dng ................ 4
1.1.4.1 Xu hng pht trin cng ngh mng MAN - E ................................ ... 4
1.1.4.2 Xu hng dch v tc cao ................................ ............................... 5
1.2KINTRCMNGMAN-E .............................................................................. 6
1.2.1 Lp dch v Ethernet (ETH layer) ................................ ............................... 7
1.2.2 Lp truyn ti dch v ................................................................................. 7
1.2.3 Lp dch v ng dng ................................................................................. 7
1.2.4 Cc im tham chiu .................................................................................. 7
1.3DCHVMNGMAN-E................................................................................... 8
1.3.1 Tng quan dch v mng MAN - E ................................ .............................. 8
1.3.1.1 Gii thiu chung v dch v mng MAN - E ................................ ........ 81.3.1.2 Cc kiu dch v mng MAN - E ................................ ....................... 10
1.3.1.3 Phn loi dch v ca MEF ................................................................ 10
1.3.2 Dch v E-LINE ........................................................................................ 10
1.3.2.1 Dch v Ethernet Private Line (EPL).................................................. 11
1.3.2.2 Dch v Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL) ................................... 12
1.3.3 Dch v E-LAN ......................................................................................... 12
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Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 iii
1.3.3.1 Dch v Ethernet Private LAN (EP-LAN) ................................ .......... 13
1.3.3.2 Dch v Ethernet Virtual Private LAN (EVP-LAN) ........................... 14
1.3.4 Dch v E-TREE ....................................................................................... 14
1.3.4.1 Dch v Ethernet Private Tree - EP-Tree ................................ ............ 15
1.3.4.2 Dch v Ethernet Virtual Private Tree - EVP-Tree ............................. 16
1.4KTLUNCHNG1 ..................................................................................... 16
CHNG 2: CNG NGH NG DNG CHO MAN-E ................................ .... 18
2.1TNGQUANVCNGNGHMNGMAN-E ............................................ 18
2.1.1 Cng ngh SDH ........................................................................................ 18
2.1.1.1 Tng quan: ......................................................................................... 18
2.1.1.2. u im Nhc im ................................ ................................ ..... 19
2.1.2 Cng ngh WDM ...................................................................................... 20
2.1.2.1. Tng quan ......................................................................................... 20
2.1.2.2. u im - Nhc im: ................................ ................................ .... 20
2.1.3 Cng ngh RPR ........................................................................................ 21
2.1.3.1 Tng quan .......................................................................................... 21
2.1.3.2 u im - Nhc im ................................ ................................ ...... 21
2.1.4 Cng ngh thun Ethernet ........................................................................ 22
2.1.4.1 Tng quan .......................................................................................... 22
2.1.4.2 Chun Q-in-Q (802.1ad) .................................................................... 23
2.1.4.3 ng gi Q-in-Q ................................................................................ 23
2.1.4.4 Kt cui Q-in-Q ................................................................................. 242.1.4.5 u im - Nhc im ................................ ................................ ...... 24
2.1.5 Cng ngh PBT ........................................................................................ 25
2.1.5.1 Tng quan .......................................................................................... 25
2.1.5.2 u im-Nhc im ........................................................................ 25
2.1.6 Cng ngh MPLS ................................ ................................ ...................... 26
2.1.6.1 Tng quan .......................................................................................... 26
2.1.6.2 u im Nhc im...................................................................... 26
2.2CNGNGHPBBVPBB-TE ......................................................................... 272.2.1 Tng quan v PBB .................................................................................... 27
2.2.1.1 Gii thiu ................................ ................................ ........................... 27
2.2.1.2 Mt s nh gi ................................................................................. 27
2.2.2 Cng ngh PBB-TE .................................................................................. 31
2.2.2.1. Chun MAC-in-MAC (802.1ah) ....................................................... 31
2.2.2.2 Chun PBB-TE (802.1Qay) ............................................................... 34
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2.3CNGNGHMPLS ........................................................................................... 35
2.3.1 C bn v MPLS ....................................................................................... 35
2.3.1.1 Gii thiu v MPLS ........................................................................... 35
2.3.1.2 Cc khi nim c bn ................................ ................................ ......... 35
2.3.1.3 Hot ng ca MPLS ................................ ................................ ......... 37
2.3.2 Cng ngh EoMPLS ................................................................................. 382.3.2.1 Tng quan v EoMPLS ...................................................................... 38
2.3.2.2 c im ........................................................................................... 39
2.4CNGNGHT-MPLS ....................................................................................... 40
2.4.1 Tng quan v cng ngh T-MPLS ............................................................. 40
2.4.1.1 C bn v mng truyn ti ................................................................. 41
T.4.1.2 Gii thiu v T-MPLS ....................................................................... 41
2.4.2 Cng ngh T-MPLS .................................................................................. 43
2.4.2.1 Cc khi nim c bn ................................ ................................ ......... 432.4.2.2 Kin trc mng T-MPLS ................................ ................................ .... 43
2.5KTLUNCHNG2 ..................................................................................... 44
CHNG 3: NG DNG CNG NGH MAN-E TI VIN THNG YN BI
.................................................................................................................................. 45
3.1.IUKINAL,CIMKINHTXHICAYNBI............... 45
3.2TNGQUANMNGVINTHNGVNPTYNBI ..................................... 45
3.2.1. H thng chuyn mch ................................ ................................ ............ 45
3.2.2. H thng truyn dn ................................................................ ............... 473.2.3 H thng xDSL ................................ ................................ ........................ 50
3.3.NGDNGCNGNGHMAN-ETIVINTHNGYNBI .................. 51
3.3.1 Chc nng cu trc ca mng MAN-E theo m hnh VNPT Yn Bi ......... 51
3.3.1.1 Chc nng.......................................................................................... 51
3.3.1.2 Cu trc ............................................................................................. 51
3.3.1.3 Truyn dn trong mng Metro............................................................ 52
3.3.2 Cu trc mng MAN - E Yn Bi giai on 2007 - 2008 ......................... 53
3.3.2.1 u t mi thit b MAN - E ................................ ........................... 533.3.2.2 u t mi mng cp quang .............................................................. 54
3.4 TNGHPCCDANHMCUTGIAION2007-2008 .................... 55
3.4.1 Mng MAN-E giai on 2007-2008 ................................ ......................... 55
3.4.2 Mng cp quang ................................ ................................ ...................... 55
3.4.3 M hnh tng qut mng MAN E Yn Bi nm 2008 ........................... 57
3.5 TNGHPCCDANHMCUTGIAION2009 -2010.................. 61
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Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 v
3.5.1 Mng Truyn dn ..................................................................................... 62
3.5.2. V Chuyn mch ...................................................................................... 62
3.5.3 V mng truy nhp xDSL .......................................................................... 64
3.6 KTLUNCHNG3 .................................................................................... 67
KT LUN.............................................................................................................. 68
TI LIU THAM KHO....................................................................................... 81
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n tt nghip ihc Danh mc hnh v
Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 vi
DANH MC HNH V
Hnh 1.1 Xu hng pht trin cng ngh MAN-E ................................ ....................... 5Hnh 1.1 M hnh mng theo cc lp........................................................................... 6Hnh 1.2 M hnh cc im tham chiu ....................................................................... 7Hnh 1.4 M hnh dch v MAN - E ................................ ................................ ............ 8Hnh 1.5 EVC im-im ............................................................................................ 9Hnh 1.6 EVC a im-a im ................................ ................................ ................. 9Hnh 1.7 EVC im-a im ....................................................................................... 9Hnh 1.8 E-LINE s dng EVC im - im ................................ ............................. 11Hnh 1.9 Dch v EPL ............................................................................................... 11Hnh 1.10 Dch v EVPL (Ethernet Virtual Private Line) ................................ ......... 12Hnh 1.11 Dch v E-LAN s dng EVC a im-a im ................................ ...... 12Hnh 1.12 Dch v EP-LAN ...................................................................................... 13Hnh 1.13 Dch v EVP-LAN (Ethernet Virtual Private LAN) ................................ .. 14Hnh 1.14 Dch v E-Tree s dng Rooted-Multipoint EVC ..................................... 14Hnh 1.15 Dch v E-Tree ................................ ................................ ........................ 15Hnh 1.16 Dch v EP-Tree ................................ ................................ ...................... 15Hnh 1.17 Dch v EVP-Tree (Ethernet Virtual Private Tree) ................................ ... 16Hnh 2.1 Cu trc bn tin Q-in-Q ................................ ................................ ............. 23Hnh 2.2 Hot ng ca 802.1ah ............................................................................... 33Hnh 2.3 Kt ni gia cc vng mng Q-in-Q qua mt mng MAC-IN MAC ................ 33
Hnh 2.4 Cu trc nhn MPLS ................................................................ ..................... 35Hnh 2.5 Hot ng ca MPLS ................................................................................. 37Hnh 2.6 M hnh EoMPLS....................................................................................... 38Hnh 2.7 c im ca EoMPLS .............................................................................. 39Hnh 2.8 M hnh mng truyn ti ................................ ................................ ............. 41Hnh 3.1 : S mng kt ni h thng chuyn mch Yn Bi ................................ . 46Hnh 3.2 S mng truyn dn Yn Bi ................................ ................................ 47Hnh 3.3 S mng Internet Yn Bi ................................ ................................ ...... 50Hnh 3.5 S cu hnh tng qut mng MAN - E Yn Bi ................................ .... 58Hnh 3.6 S cu hnh Ring 1................................ ................................ ................ 59Hnh 3.7 S Cu hnh Ring 2 ................................ ................................ ............... 60Hnh 3.8 S cu hnh Ring 3 ................................................................................ 60 Hnh 3.9 S cu hnh Ring 4 ................................ ................................ ................ 61
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n tt nghip ihc Danh mc bng biu
Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 vii
DANH MC BNG BIU
Bng 2.1 nh dng bn tin MAC-in-MAC ................................ ............................... 32
Bng 2.2 khuyn ngh ca ITU-T cho cng ngh T-MPLS ................................ ....... 42
Bng 3.1 Cc thit b ti node mng .......................................................................... 48
Bng 3.2 Dung lng v khong cch cc tuyn cp quang ................................ ....... 49
Bng 3.3 Core CES v trm Access CES .................................................................. 53
Bng 3.4 Core CES v trm Access CES .................................................................. 55
Bng 3.5 Tuyn cp quang b xung .......................................................................... 56
Bng 3.6 tht b m rng trm CES ................................ ................................ ........... 64
Bng 3.7 lp mi trm CES ....................................................................................... 65
Bng 3.8 thit b MAN-E m rng giai on 2009-2010 ........................................... 66
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n tt nghip ihc Thut ng vit tt
Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 viii
THUT NG VITTT
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode truyn dn khng ng b
ARP Address Resolution Protocol Giao thc phn gii a ch
ATMARP ATM Address ResolutionProtocol
Giao thc phn gii a chATM
BGP Border Gateway Protocol Giao thc cng ng bin
CE Customer EquiMAN - Et Thit b pha khch hng
CIR Committe Information Rate Tc thng tin cam kt
CoS Class of Service Lp dch v
CR Constrained Routing nh tuyn cng bc
CR-LDP Constrained Routing-LDP nh tuyn cng bc-LDP
CR-LSP Constrained Routing-LSP nh tuyn cng bc-LSP
CSPF Constrained SPF SPF cng bc
DiffServ Differentiated Service dch v c phn bit
DLCI Data Link Connection Identifer Nhn dng kt ni lin kt dliu
DTP Dynamic Trunking Protocol Giao thc trunking ng
EIR Excess Information Rate Tc thng tin ti a
EPL Ethernet Private Line Dch v Ethernet ring im-
imEoMPLS Ethernet over Multiprotocol Label
SwitchingEthernet qua chuyn mchnhn a giao thc
ER Explicit Routing nh tuyn hin
EVC Ethernet Virtual Circuit Knh o Ethernet
FR Frame Relay Chuyn tip khung
FEC Fowarding Equivalent Class Lp chuyn tip tng ng
HSI High Speed Internet Internet tc cao
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force Nhm tc v k thut InternetIP Internet Protocol Giao thc Internet
IntServ Integrated Service Dch v c tch hp
L2VPN Layer 2 Virtual Private Network Mng ring o lp 2
L3VPN Layer 3 Virtual Private Network Mng ring o lp 3
LAN Local Area Network Mng cc b
LANE LAN Emulation M phng LAN
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n tt nghip ihc Thut ng vit tt
Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 ix
LDP Label Distribution Protocol Giao thc phn b nhn
LER Label Edge Router Router bin nhn
LIB Label Information Base C s thng tin nhn
LSP Label Switched Path ng dn chuyn mch nhn
LSR Label Switch Router Router chuyn mch nhnMEF Metro Ethernet Forum Din n Ethernet th
MEN Metro Ethernet Network Mng Ethernet th
MG Media Gateway Cng a phng tin
MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching Chuyn mch nhn a giaothc
MPOA Multiprotocol Over ATM a giao thc trn ATM
NGN Next Generation Network Mng th h k tip
NHRP Next Hop Resolution Protocol Giao thc phn gii chng ktip
OAM &P Operation AdministrativeManageMAN - Et & Provide
Qun tr, vn hnh v cung cp
OSPF Open Shortest Path First Giao thc ng i ngn nhtu tin
PBB-TE Provider Backbone Bridge -Traffice Engineering
Nh cung cp lu lng ngtrc
PBT Provider Backbone Transport Nh cung cp truyn ti ng
trcPE Provider Edge Thit b bin ca nh cung cp
PID Protocol Identifier Nhn dng giao thc
PNNI Private Network-NetworkInterface
Giao din ring mng mngring o
QoS Quality of Service Cht lng dch v
RESV Resevation Bn tin dnh trc
RFC Request For Comman Yu cu kin
RPR Resilent Packet Ring Vng phc hi gi
RSVP Resource Resevation Protocol Giao thc dnh trc tinguyn
SAN Storage Area Network Mng lu tr
SG Signaling Gateway Cng bo hiu
SPF Shortest Path First ng i ngn nht u tin
STM Synchronous Transmission Mode Ch truyn dn ng b
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n tt nghip ihc Thut ng vit tt
Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 x
SVC Signaling Virtual Circuit Knh o bo hiu
TCP Transission Control Protocol Giao thc iu khin truyndn
TGW Traffic Gateway Cng lu lng
T-MPLS Transport MPLS Truyn ti chuyn mch nhna giao thc
TLV Time To Live Thi gian sng
ToS Type of Service Kiu dch v
UDP User Datagram Protocol Giao thc lc d liu
UNI User Network Interface Giao din mng ngi dng
VC Virtual Circuit Knh o
VCI Virtual Circuit Identifier Nhn dng knh o
VoD Video on Demand Dch v video theo yu cu
VNPT Vietnam Post &Telecommunications
Tp on BCVT Vit Nam
VLAN Virtual Local Area Network Mng LAN o
VP Virtual Path ng o
VPN Virtual Private Network Mng ring o
VPI Virtual Path Identifier Nhn dng ng o
WAN Wide Area Network Mng din rng
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n tt nghip ihc Liniu
Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 1
LI NI U
Hin nay, cng vi s pht trin ca x hi, nhu cu pht trin thng tin ngy
cng cao i hi cp bch vic ci tin v nng cp mng li vin thng cho ph hp
vi xu th mi. Hin ti v trong thi gian ti, nhu cu pht trin cc loi hnh dch v
nh thoi, Internet, Data, cc dch v bng rng, ang ngy mt tng v khng th tch
ri cuc sng ca con ngi. Do vy mng thng tin phi m bo v p ng y
v mt k thut, c bng tn rng, tc cao, h tr nhiu loi hnh dch v phc
v i sng x hi.
Cng vi xu hng pht trin cng ngh v mng vin thng trn th gii, Tp
on VNPT ang trin khai mnh m mng th h sau c mng li v phn truy
nhp. Ti cc tnh, Tp on VNPT c k hoch trin khai mng Metro da trncng ngh Ethernet p ng yu cu v truyn ti bng rng.
Vi mong mun c tip cn vi cc loi hnh dch v mi, cc kin trc xy
dng mng mi, ti la chn ti tt nghip: Cng ngh mng MAN - E v ng
dng trn mng Vin thng Yn Bi vi nhng ni dung c th sau:
- Chng 1: Tng quan v cng ngh MAN-E (Metro Area Network Ethernet);
Trnh by kin trc mng MAN-E, dch v mng MAN-E, cc thuc tnh ca
dch v mng MAN-E.- Chng 2: Cc cng ngh ng dng cho MAN-E
- Chng 3: ng dng cng ngh MAN-E trn mng Vin thng Yn Bi
Em xin trn trng cm n c gio ThS. Nguyn Th Thy Hng, cc thy c gio
trong Hc vin Cng ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng hng dn em trong sut thi
gian hc tp v lm n tt nghip ti trng. Ti xin cm n bn b gip ,
chia s trong thi gian va qua v mong mun tip tc nhn c nhng tnh cm qu
bu trong cuc sng.
H ni, thng 08 nm 2011
Sinh vi n thc hin
Duy Hng
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n tt nghip ihc Chng 1: Tng quan v Cng ngh MAN-E
Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 3
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V CNG NGH MAN-E
1.1 TNG QUAN V CNG NGH V XU HNG PHTT IN
1.1.1 Gii thiu chung v MAN - E
Mng Ethernet th l mng s dng cng ngh Ethernet, kt ni cc mng cc
b ca cc t chc v c nhn vi mt mng din rng WAN hay vi Internet.
Vic p dng cng ngh Ethernet vo mng cung cp dch v mang li nhiu li
ch cho c nh cung cp dch v ln khch hng. Bn thn cng ngh Ethernet tr
nn quen thuc trong nhng mng LAN ca doanh nghip trong nhiu nm qua; gi
thnh cc b chuyn mch Ethernet tr nn rt thp; bng thng cho php m rng
vi nhng bc nhy ty l nhng u th tuyt i ca Ethernet so vi cc cng
ngh khc. Vi nhng tiu chun v ang c thm vo, Ethernet s mang li mtgii php mng c tin cy, kh nng m rng v hiu qu cao v chi ph u t.
1.1.2 nh gi v cng ngh mng Metro Ethernet
1.1.2.1 Tnh d s dng
Dch v Ethernet da trn giao din Ethernet chun, dng rng ri trong cc h
thng mng cc b. Hu nh tt c cc thit b v my ch trong LAN u kt ni
dng Ethernet, v vy m rng vic s dng Ethernet kt ni cc mng cung cp
dch v vi nhau s n gin ha qu trnh hot ng v cc chc nng qun tr, qun
l v cung cp (OAM &P).
1.1.2.2 Hiu qu v chiph
Dch v Ethernet lm gim chi ph u t v chi ph vn hnh. S ph bin ca
Ethernet trong hu ht tt c cc sn phm mng nn giao din Ethernet c chi ph
khng t. Gi thnh thit b thp, chi ph qun tr v vn hnh thp hn, t tn km
hn nhng dch v cnh tranh khc. Nhiu nh cung cp dch v Ethernet cho php
nhng thu bao tng thm bng thng mt cch kh mm do, cho php thu bao thm
bng thng khi cn thit v h ch tr cho nhng g h cn
1.1.2.3 Tnh linh hot
Dch v Ethernet cho php nhng thu bao thit lp mng ca h theo nhng
cch hoc l phc tp hn hoc l khng th thc hin vi cc dch v truyn thng
khc. V d: mt cng ty thu mt giao tip Ethernet n c th kt ni nhiu mng
v tr khc nhau thnh lp mt Intranet VPN ca h, kt ni nhng i tc kinh
doanh thnh Extranet VPN hoc kt ni Internet tc cao n ISP. Vi dch v
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n tt nghip ihc Chng 1: Tng quan v Cng ngh MAN-E
Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 4
Ethenet, cc thu bao cng c th thm vo hoc thay i bng thng trong vi pht
thay v trong vi ngy ngy hoc thm ch vi tun khi s dng nhng dch v mng
truy nhp khc (Frame relay, ATM,). Ngoi ra, nhng thay i ny khng i hi
thu bao phi mua thit b mi hay ISP c cn b k thut n kim tra, h tr ti ch.
1.1.2.4 Tnh chun ha
MEF ang tip tc nh ngha v chun ha cc loi dch v v cc thuc tnh
ny, cho php cc nh cung cp dch v c kh nng trao i gii php ca h mt
cch r rng, cc thu bao c th hiu v so snh cc dch v mt cch tt hn.
1.1.3 ng dngmng MAN - E
H tr nhiu loi ng dng v dch v thuc th h mng k tip. Di y l
mt s ng dng tiu biu:
- Kt ni gia cc LAN
- Truyn ti a ng dng
- Mng ring o Metro
- Kt ni im - im tc cao
- Mng lu tr
- LAN Video/Video Training
- CAD/CAM
- Cc ng dng sao lu d phng
- Truyn s liu Y t
- Hnh nh
- Scientific Modeling
- Streaming Media
- Server Backup
- Cc ng dng Back-end Server
- Cc ng dng lu tr (iSCSI)
1.1.4 Cc xu hng cng ngh pht trin mng MAN - E v ng dng
1.1.4.1 Xu hngpht trin cng ngh mng MAN - E
c th ng dng Ethernet vo h tng mng vin thng, rt nhiu cng ngh
truyn ti c nghin cu, th nghim. Nhng ni bt ln hin nay l cc cng
ngh sau:
- MPLS
- T-MPLS
- PBB-TE
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Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 5
Cng ngh truyn ti s dng MPLS: Cung cp kt ni ng trc tin cy trn
c s cng ngh chn mui, cung cp thnh cng cc dch v im im, a im
v phn tch vng qun tr. MPLS v ang c a s cc nh cung cp thit b h
tr.
Cng ngh truyn ti s dngT-MPLS (Transport MPLS; ITU G.8110):
doAlcatel Lucent xng v ng vai tr pht trin ch o. Lc b mt s tnh
nng iu khin ca MPLS n gin ha hot ng chuyn mch, vn k tha
nhng im mnh ca MPLS. HIn c chun ha mt s chun c bn. Cng
ngh ny ln u tin kim th cng khai vi 5 nh cung cp v thit lp thnh cng
dch v im im (do EANTC tin hnh kim th nm 2006).
Cng ngh PBB-TE (802.1Qay Provider Backbone Bridging Traffic
Engineering): hay cn gi PBB-TE do Nortel xut. S dng cc tnh nng c bn
ca Ethernet, cng vi cc ci tin v iu khin lu lng, qun l OAM, theo di
hiu nng c th s dng c trong mi trng mng cung cp dch v vn i
hi nghim ngt v cht lng dch v. Hin c chun ha OAM v mt s
chun truyn ti.
Hnh v di y minh ha xu hng pht trin cng ngh mng MAN - E
Hnh 1.1 Xu hngpht trin cng ngh MAN-E
1.1.4.2 Xu hng dch v tc cao
Mng MAN - E c nghin cu trin khai vi mc ch ch yu l cung cp h
tng m bo cho cc dch v yu cu bng thng ln, tc cao, mm do trong qun
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tnghi i hc Chng 1: Tng q an v C ng ngh MAN-E
Duy H Lp H09VT1 6
l Vi kh nng bng thng c th c cp pht dao ng t khong 1Mbps n
10Gps, Ethernet cho php ngi dng t i u ha ngun l c trong vi c phttin mng
ca ri ng mnh.
Di y l li t k mt s dch v c cho l cn c tc cao:
- Truy nhp Internettc cao
- Mng lu tr
- Cc mng ring o lp 2 (L2VPN)
- Cc dch v gi tr gia tng
- Dch v LAN trong sut
- VoIP
- H tng ng trc mng th
- LAN - FR/ATM VPN
- Extranet
- LAN kt ni n cc t i nguyn mng
1.2 KIN TRC MNG MAN - E
Theo nh ngha ca Metro Ethernet Forum ti MEF4 - Metro Ethernet
Architecture Framework part 1, mng Metro Ethernet s c xy dng theo 3 lp:
Lp dch v Ethernet - h trnhng tnh nng cbn ca lp; mt hoc nhi u lp
truyn ti dch v; c th bao gm lp dch v ng dng h trcho cc ng dng trn
nn lp 2. M hnh mng theo cc l p da trn quan h client/server. Bn cnh ,
milp mng ny c th c thit k theo cc mt phng iu khin, d liu, qun tr
trong t ng lp. M hnh c m t nh sau:
Hnh 1.1M hnh mngtheo cc lp
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Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 7
1.2.1 Lp dch v Ethernet (ETH layer)
Lp dch v Ethernet c chc nng truyn ti cc dch v hng kt ni chuyn
mch da trn a ch MAC. Cc bn tin Ethernet s c truyn qua h thng thng
qua cc giao din hng ni b, hng bn ngoi c quy nh r rng, gn vi cc
im tham chiu. Lp ETH cng phi cung cp c cc kh nng v OAM, kh nng
pht trin dch v trong vic qun l cc dch v Ethernet hng kt ni. Ti cc giao
din hng bn ngoi ca lp ETH, cc bn tin bao gm: Ethernet unicast, multicast
hoc broadcast, tun theo chun IEEE 802.3 2002.
1.2.2 Lp truyn ti dch v
Lp truyn ti dch v h tr kt ni gia cc phn t ca lp ETH. C th s
dng nhiu cng ngh khc nhau dng thc hin vic h tr kt ni. Mt s v d:
IEEE 802.1, SONET/SDH, ATM VC, OTN ODUK, PDH DS1/E1, MPLS LSP Cc
cng ngh truyn ti trn, n lt mnh li c th do nhiu cng ngh khc h tr, ctip tc nh vy cho n lp vt l nh cp quang, cp ng, khng dy.
1.2.3 Lp dch v ng dng
Lp dch v ng dng h tr cc dch v s dng truyn ti trn nn mng
Ethernet ca mng MAN - E. C nhiu dch v trong bao gm c cc vic s dng
lp ETH nh mt lp TRAN cho cc lp khc nh: IP, MPLS, PDH DS1/E1
1.2.4 Cc im tham chiu
ServiceInterworking
NNI
NetworkInterworking
NNI
NetworkInterworking
NNI
Subscriber
UNI
Other L1
Transport Networks
(e.g., SONET, SDH, OTN)
MEN
Service Provider Z1
Other L2/L2+
Services Networks
(e.g., ATM, FR, IP)
External
NNI
Ethernet
Wide Area Network
(E-WAN)
Service Provider Y
MEN
Service Provider Z2
MENService Provider X
MetroEthernet Network
(MEN)
Service Provider X
ExternalNNI
Subscriber
Subscriber
UNI
UNI
Hnh 1.2 M hnh cc im tham chiu
Cc im tham chiu trong MAN - E nh ngha cc im ti phn tch bin
qun l khi kt ni i qua cc giao din trong MAN - E. Hnh di y m t mi
quan h gia cc thnh phn trong kin trc MAN - E. Cc thnh phn bn ngoi bao
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gm: Kt nit thu bao tiMAN - E, kt ni viMAN - E khc, kt ni vi mng
khc khng phi Ethernet. Thu bao kt nitiMAN - E qua giao din UNI - User -
Network Interface. Cc thnh phn bn trong MAN - E kt ni vi nhau qua giao din
NNI trong (Interal Network-to-Network Interface). Hai mng MAN - E c th kt ni
vi nhau qua giao din NNI ngoi (External Network - to - Network Interface. Di
y l m hnh cc im tham chiu:
1. DCH V MNG MAN - E
1. .1 Tn quan dch v n MAN - E
1.3.1.1 Giithi
ch
ng v dch v mngMAN -E
Bn thn Ethernetl cung cp kt ni ch khng phi dch v. Vi s xut hin
cc dch v Metro Ethernet, cc nh cung cp dch v bt u dng cng ngh kt ni
Ethernet cung cp cc dch v Ethernet. V vy, cc dch v MAN - E cng dng
tithut ng thuc tnh dch v ging nh cc dch v MAN/ AN.
Hnh 1.4M hnh dch vMAN -E
Di y l mt s thut ng lin quan ti mng MAN - E
CE l thit b pha khch hng. CE kt nitiMAN - E ti UNI dng cc khung
Ethernet chun.CE c th l:
Router
IEEE 802.1Q bridge (switch)
UNI l giao din mng gia nh cung cp v khch hng L b in gia mng
khch hng v nh cung cp c cung cp bi nh cung cp Tun theo chun IEEE
802.3 Ethernet PHY and MAC
Giao din vt l vi tc c th l 10M bps, 100M bps, 1Gbps hoc 10Gbps
MAN - E: c th dng nhiu cng ngh phn phi dch v v vn chuyn khc nhau :
SONET/SDH, WDM, RPR, MAC-in-MAC, Q-in-Q, MPLS...
EVCl s kt hp ca 2 hay nhiu UNI. Nitheo cch khc, EVCl ng hm
logical kt ni 2 hay nhiu sites cho php truyn cc khung Ethernet gia chng. EVC
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n t tnghi p i hc Chng 1: Tng q an v Cng ngh MAN-E
Duy H Lp H09VT1 9
cng hot ng nh l s tch bit gia cc khch hng khc nhau, cung cp tnh ring
bit d liu v bo mt nh l Frame Relay hay l ATM PVCs.C 3 kiu EVC:
im - im EVC:
Hnh 1.5EVC
i
m-i
m
Hnh 1.6EVCa i
m-a i
m
Hnh 1.7EVCi
m-a i
m
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1.3.1.2 Cc kiu dch v mng MAN - E
Cc kiu dch v mng MAN - E bao gm: dch v kt ni, dch v ng dng
- Dch v kt ni: Cc loi dch v kt ni tng ng vi cc loi EVC k trn
+ Dch v im - im (Point-to-Point)
+ Dch v a im - a im (Multipoint-to-Multipoint)
+ Dch v im - a im (Point-to-Multipoint)
- Dch v ng dng:
+ Dch v cho doanh nghip: Carrier Ethernet c th tha mn nhng nhu cu mi
ca doanh nghip nh: Cung cp cc dch v cht lng cao, kt ni Gigabit gia
cc doanh nghip, tch hp trung tm d liu, kt ni doanh nghip vi khch
hng v nh cung cp, thit lp mng ring o, gii php lu tr v khi phc
thm ha, truy cp Internet m bo tc multi-megabit, video conferencing &
broadcast, in thoi doanh nghip, tch hp thoi - d liu - hnh nh, thay thdch v DS3, h tr cc dch v ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian.
+ Dch v Triple Play: Truyn ti d liu, thoi v phim nh trn mt mng IP vi
cht lng cao.
+ Dch v di ng: Cung cp Wireless Backhaul, truy cp Wi-fi, c s h tng cho
Wimax, 3G v wireless th h sau, cc dch v d liu th h sau, nh phn gii
cao, video khng dy, gaming...
1.3.1.3 Phn loidch v ca MEFTheo Metro Ethernet Forum, tng ng vi cc kiu EVC dch v mng MAN -
E gm cc kiu:
- E-LINE
- E-LAN
- E-TREE
Da trn phng php nhn dng ti UNI, MEF phn chia dch v thnh cc
kiu khc nhau. Cc dch v da trn cng UNI (tt c c tp hp vo mt) c
nh ngha l "ring". Cc dch v da trn VLAN (ti UNI l a dch v) c nh
ngha l "o".
Di y l s phn loi cc dch v da trn EVC, UNI:
1.3.2 Dch v E-LINE
Dch v E-LINE da trn mt kt ni o (EVC) im - im. Dch v E-LINE
c s dng cung cp cc dch v Ethernet im - im.
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Duy H# $ Lp H09VT1 11
Dch v E-LINE c th cung cp bng thng i xng cho d liu gi nhn trn
hai hng m khng c vic m bo tc gia hai UNI
E-LINE c th cung cp cam kt m bo tc .
E-LINE cho php ghp dch v. Vic ghp dch v c th di n ra ti mt hoc
hai UNI.
Hnh 1.8E-LINEsdngEVCi%
m - i%
m
1.3.2.1 Dch vEthernetPrivate Line (EPL)
Dch v EPL l mt dng ca dch v E-LINE. Dch v EPL s dng mt EVC
im-im gia hai UNI. EPL cung cp trong sut ca cc khung dch v gia cc
UNI tc l khi khung dch v c truyn ith mo u ca khung dch v v d liu
c ch ra ti c UNI ngun v UNI ch. y l cu trc cbn ca dch v EPL.
Hnh 1.9 Dch vEPL
Dch v EPL khng cho php ghp d ch v, mt UNI chuyn dng c s dng
cho dch v ny. V EPL cung cp trong sut ca dch v nn s khng c s phi
hp gia thu bao v nh cung cp trn mtlin ktCE-VLAN ID/EVC vtt c cc
khung dch v c ghp ti mt EVCti UNI.
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1.3.2.2 Dch vEthernetVirtualPrivate Line (EVPL)
Dch v EVPL l mt kiu dch v E-LINE. Dch v EPL c s dng cung
cp cc dch v tng t nh dch v EPL tr mt s ngoi l. Th nht, dch v
EVPL cho php ghp dch v ti UNI. iu ngha l nhiu EVC c to ra ti
UNI trong khi EPL khng cho php.T
h hai, mt EVPL khng cung cp trong sutkhung dch v cao nh dch v EPL bi v khi ghp dch v th mt s khung dch v
c th c giti mt EVCtrong khi mt s khung dch v khc c th c giti
cc EVC khc. Hnh v di y ch ra cu trc cbn ca dch v EVPL.
Hnh 1.10 Dch v EVPL (EthernetVirtualPrivate Line)
1. . Dch v E-LAN
Cc dch v cung cp kt ni Ethernet o, dng a im a im c th c
gil dng Ethernet LAN (E-LAN). Dch v E-LAN c minh ha nh hnh v di
y:
Hnh 1.11 Dch vE-LAN sdngEVCa i1
m-a i1
m
UNIUNI
UNI
UNI
Multipoint-to-Multipoint EVC
Metro EthernetNetwork
UNIUNI
UNI
UNI
Multipoint-to-Multipoint EVC
Metro EthernetNetwork
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n t2 tnghi3 p i hc Chng 1: Tng quan v Cng ngh 3 MAN-E
Duy H4 5 Lp H09VT1 13
Kiu dch v Ethernet LAN cung cp kt ni a im, tc l n c th kt ni 2
hoc hn nhiu UNIs. D liu ca thu bao c git mt UNI c th c nhn ti
mt hoc nhiu d liu ca UNIs khc.
Mi site (UNI) c kt ni vi mt multipoint EVC. Khi nhng site mi
(UNIs) c thm vo, chng s c lin kt vi multipoint EVC nu trn do vy
nn n gin ha vic cung cp v kch hot dch v. Theo quan im ca thu bao,
dch v E-LAN lm cho MAN - E trng ging mt mng LAN o.
Dch v E-LAN c th s dng to mt s lng ln cc dch v. Trng hp
n gin nht, dch v E-LAN c th cung cp mt dch v "best effort" m khng c
yu cu m bo gia cc UNI. Ngoi ra dch v E-LAN Service c th cung cp mt
CIR, kt hp CBS, EIR vi EBS (xem phn Bandwidth Profile sau) v tr, jitter,
v t n tht khung.
i vi kiu dch v E-LAN, ghp dch v c th din ra ti khng, mt hocnhiu UNI trong EVC. V d, kiu dch v E-LAN v kiu dch v E-LINE c th
ghp dch v ti cng UNI. Khi , dch v E-LAN c th c s dng kt ni vi
cc vtrthu bao khc, trong khi dch v E-LINE c s dng kt niti Internet
vi c hai dch v.
1.3.3.1 Dch vEthernetPrivate LAN (EP-LAN)
Cc thu bao vi nhiu vtrthng mun kt ni cc vtr vi nhau vitc
cao (cc vtr nh l mt mng LAN). thc hin c yu cu ny, dch v EP-
LAN c nh ngha. Dch v EP-LAN l mt dng ca dch v E-LAN.
Dch v EP-LAN c nh ngha cung cp vic duy tr th CE-VLAN v
ng hm ca giao thc iu khin lp 2. u im ca vic ny l thu bao c th cu
hnh cc VLAN ngang qua cc vtr m khng cn phi phi hp vi cc nh cung cp.
Mi giao din c cu hnh cho "allto one bundling" do , EP-LAN h trvic duy
tr ID ca CE-VLAN. Thm na, EP-LAN cn h trvic duy trCoS ca CE-VLAN.
Di y l cu trc cbn ca dch v EP-LAN.
Hnh 1.12 Dch vEP-LAN
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1.3.3.2 Dch vEthernetVirtualPrivate LAN (EVP-LAN)
Mt s thu bao mun dch v E-LAN kt ni cc UNI ca h trong mng
th v ti cng thi im t mt hoc nhiu UNI ca h mun truy cp ti cc dch
v khc. V d mt UNI l mt vtrthu bao mun truy cp ti mt dch v IP cng
cng hoc IP ring t mt UNI m c dng cho dch v E-LAN gia cc thu baokhc trong mng Metro. Dch v EVP-LAN c nh ngha p ng yu cu ny.
Ghp trn UNI c th c s dng hoc khng s dng trong EVC a im-a
im. Tc l vic duy trth CE-VLAN v ng hm ca giao thc iu khin lp
hai c th c cung cp hoc khng c cung cp,.
Hnh v di y m t cu trc cbn ca dch v EVP-LAN trong khch hng
s dng mt dch v EVP-LAN (EVC mu ) cung cp kt ni d liu a im v
mt dch v EVPL (EVC mu xanh) truy cp dch v value-add t mt UNI
.
Hnh 1.13 Dch vEVP-LAN (EthernetVirtualPrivate LAN)
1. .4 Dch v E-TREE
Cc dch v cung cp kt ni Ethernet o, dng im a im (nh ngha theo
MEF) c th c gi l dng EthernetTree (E-Tree). Dch v E-Tree c mt im
gc v nhiu im l nhn thng tin hoc githng tin t/n gc (Hnhdi y).
Hnh 1.14 Dch vE-Tree sdng Rooted-MultipointEVC
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n tQ tnghiR p i hc Chng 1: Tng quan v Cng ngh R MAN-E
Duy HS T Lp H09VT1 15
Mi nt l UNI ch c th trao i vi nt gc UNI. Cc bn tin dch v c
git mi nt l UNI m c a chthuc v ntl UNI khc s khng c truyn
qua h thng (loi b khi i vo bin ca mng). Dch v E-Tree thch hp cho trin
khai cung cp truy nhp Internet hoc video theo yu cu trin khai dng Multicast
hoc Broadcast.
Mt dng mrng khc ca dch v E-Tree l c th h trt 2 hoc nhiu hn
s lng nt gc UNI. Trong trng hp ny, mi ntl UNI vn ch c th trao i
d liu vi mt nt gc UNI. Cc nt gc UNI c th trao i d liu vi nhau h
trkh nng d phng.
Hnh 1.15 Dch vE-Tree
Vi mt dch v E-Tree, kh nng ghp dch v c th khng hoc c thc hin
ti mt hoc nhiu cng UNI trong EVC. V d, mt dch v EVC dng E-Tree c th
c ghp chung vi mt dch v EVC dng E-Line im im ti cng UNI cung
cp cho ngi dng. Ti y, dch v E-Tree c th c cung cp cho truy cp ti
ISP c d phng (E-Tree nhiu nt gc); dch v E-Line dng truy cp vo mngring o truyn s liu.
1.3.4.1 Dch vEthernetPrivate Tree -EP-Tree
Hnh 1.16 Dch vEP-Tree
Thu bao vi nhiu site c th c yu cu cung cp kt ni gia cc site, cung
cp dch v khng chtheo hng s dng LAN. S c mt vi site lm im gc cung
cp dch v, cc site khc c gn vaitr l im l nhn dch v
Root I
Rooted-
M lti oi t EV
Root I
To Leaf U V Is
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n tW tnghiX p i hc Chng 1: Tng quan v Cng ngh X MAN-E
Duy HY Lp H09VT1 16
Dch v EP-Tree yu cu gi nguyn th VLAN ca khch hng v ng gi cc
giao thc cbn lp 2. Vitnh nng ny, khch hng c th t cu hnh VLAN gia
cc site m khng phi c s h trt nh cung cp dch v. Kh nng ny c thc
hin qua vic cu hnh mi giao din c th ghp dch v. Hnh v di y m t cu
trc cbn ca dch v EP-Tree
1.3.4.2 Dch vEthernetVirtualPrivate Tree -EVP-Tree
C cc thu bao c nhu cu s dng dch v c cung cp dng cy trong ni
b mng. Trong trng hp ny, mi im l trong kt ni cy cn c gn hoc kt
ni vi mt im l (hoc) gc c th. Mi giao din UNI cng c th cung cp dch
v khc nh EVPL hoc EVP-LAN. M hnh ny gi l m hnh dch v EVP-Tree,
cy Ethernet ring o.
Ti cc UNI trong dch v c th khng h trhoc c h trgom dch v. C
ngha l th CE-VLAN hoc cc giao thc c th ca lp 2 c th c bo ton hockhng khi truyn qua mng. Hnh di y m t cu trc ca dch v EVP-Tree.
Trong v d ny, khch hng c s dng dch v EVP-LAN () cho vic kt ni
truyn d liu gia cc UNI. Dch v EVP-Tree (xanh) s dng cung cp video
dng qung b trong ni b.
Hnh 1.17 Dch vEVP-Tree (EthernetVirtualPrivate Tree)
1.4 KT LUN CHNG 1
Mng Metro Ethernet hin v ang c phttrin rt mnh bi nhiu t chcchun ha nh IETF, IEEE hay cc hng cng ngh. Tuy nhin, tt c cc cng ngh
u phitun th cc khuyn ngh ca Metro Ethernet Forum. Cc khuyn nghMEF1
cho n MEF21 m t rt chi tit cc yu cu cho dch v mng Metro Ethernet,
yu cu v m hnh phttrin mng, qun tr h thng.
Cc cng ngh ng dng cho mng Metro Ethernet c nhiu hng pht trin
nhng tp trung ch yu vo cc xu hng:
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Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 17
S dng MPLS vi nhng c ch iu khin lu lng truyn ti cc bn tin
Ethernet
S dng Ethernet - in hnh l PBT - vi nhng ci tin v nh tuyn, cht
lng dch v xy dng mng.
Ci tin MPLS truyn ti d liu mng.Cc ng dng, dch v trn nn mng Metro Ethernet c c im chung l bng
thng rng, tc cao. Nhng tu chung li u quy v cc loi hnh im im, a
im a im, s dng h tng mng cp quang m bo v tc , cht lng
dch v.
Loi hnh dch v im im tng ng vi cc dch v truyn thng nh knh
thu ring, frame relay hoc vi nhng loi hnh dch v mi nh Internet tc cao,
a dch v (Triple play). Ngoi ra, vi kh nng tng bng thng theo 1 Mbps, nh
cung cp c th a ra nhng dch v ph hp vi yu cu ca ngi dng.
Cc dch v trong MAN - E c m bo cht lng dch v theo nhng cam
kt cht lng Service Level AgreeMAN - Et - SLA. Vi nhng cam kt v CIR,
PIR hoc thi gian li, cht lng dch v trong MAN - E cao hn rt nhiu so vi
nhng mng truyn thng nh SONET/SDH.
chng tip theo s cp n cc cng ngh ng dng cho MAN-E
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n tt nghip ihc Chng 3: ng dngCN MAN-E tiVNPT Yn Bi
Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 18
CHNG 2: CNG NGH NG DNG CHO MAN-E
2.1 TNG QUAN V CNG NGH MNG MAN - E
Mng MAN - E lm chc nng thu gom lu lng ca cc thit b mng truy
nhp (MSAN, IP-DSLAM), lu lng cc khch hng kt ni trc tip vo mng
MAN chuyn ti lu lng trong ni tnh, ng thi k ni ln mng trc IP/MPLS
chuyn lu lng i lin tnh, quc t.
Cc cng ngh cho mng MAN - E hin ti gm c:
- Cng ngh SDH
- Cng ngh WDM
- Cng ngh thun Ethernet- Cng ngh MPLS
- Cng ngh RPR
- Cng ngh PBT (Provider Backbone Transport)
- Cng ngh T-MPLS
Vic la chn cng ngh mng trin khai ph thuc vo rt nhiu yu t.
Chng ny s trnh by cc c im, u nhc im, kh nng p dng ca tng
cng ngh.
2.1.1 Cng ngh SDH
2.1.1.1 Tng quan:
Cng ngh SDH c xy dng trn c s h thng phn cp ghp knh ng b
TDM vi cu trc phn cp ghp knh STM-N cho php cung cp cc giao din truyn
dn vi tc ln t vi Mbits/s ti vi Gigabits/s.
c tnh ghp knh TDM v phn cp ghp knh ng b ca cng ngh SDH
cho php cung cp cc knh truyn dn c bng thng c nh vi tin cy cao bng
vic p dng cc c ch phc hi v bo v, c ch qun l h thng.T trc ti nay cng ngh truyn dn SDH c xy dng ch yu cho vic
yu cho vic ti u truyn ti lu lng thoi. Tuy nhin, trong nhng nm gn y th
nhu cu s dng cc loi hnh dch v truyn d liu tng ln rt nhiu v c xu hng
chuyn dn lu lng ca cc dch v thoi sang truyn ti theo cc giao thc truyn
d liu (v d nh dch v thoi qua IP (VoIP).. Trong khi , cc c s h tng mng
SDH hin c kh c kh nng p ng nhu cu truyn ti lu lng gia tng trong
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tng lai gn. Do vy yu cu t ra l cn phi c mt c s h tng truyn ti mi
c th ng thi truyn ti trn n lu lng ca h thng SDH hin c v lu lng
ca cc loi hnh dch v mi khi chng c trin khai. chnh l l do ca vic
hnh thnh mt hng mi ca cng ngh SDH, l SDH th h k tip SDH -NG.
Cng ngh SDH-NG c tp hp chung trong mt khi nim l truynd
liu qua mng SDH DoS. DoS l c cu truyn ti lu lng cung cp mt s chc
nng v cc giao din nhm mc ch tng hiu qu ca vic truyn d liu qua mng
SDH. Mc tiu quan trng nht m cc hng cng ngh ni trn cn phi thc hin
c l phi hp h tr ln nhau thc hin chc nng ci t/ch nh bng
thng cho cc dch v mt cch hiu qu m khng nh hng ti lu lng ang
c truyn qua mng SDH hin ti.. Thm vo , SDH-NG cung cp chc nng
m bo cht lng dch v QoS vi mc chp nhn no cho c c loi hnh dch
v mi; mm do v linh hot trong vic h tr truyn ti lu lng truyn ti bi cc
giao thc khc nhau qua mng. C cu ca DoS bao gm 3 giao thc chnh: Th tcng khung tng qut GFR (generic framing procedure), k thut lin kt chui o VC
(virtual concatenation) v c cu iu chnh dung lng ng thng LCAS (link
capacity adjustMAN - Et scheme). C 3 giao thc ny c ITU-T chun ho ln
lt bi cc tiu chun G.7041/Y.1303, G.707, G.7042/Y.1305. Giao thc GFP cung
cp th tc ng gi khung d liu cho cc dng lu lng khc nhau (Ethernet,
IP/PPP, RPR, knh quang..) vo cc phng tin truyn dn TDM nh l SDH hoc h
thng truyn ti quang OTN (optical transport network). Giao thc VC cung cp
nhng th tc ci t bng thng cho knh kt ni mm do hn so vi nhng th tcp dng trong h thng truyn dn TDM trc . Giao thc LCAS cung cp th tc
bo hiu u cui ti u cui thc hin chc nng iu chnh ng dung lng
bng thng cho cc kt ni khi s dng VC trong kt ni SDH.
2.1.1.2. u im Nhc im
u im Nhc im
Cung cp cc kt ni c bng
thng c nh cho khch hng
tin cy ca knh truyn
dn cao, tr truyn ti thng tin
nh.
Cc giao din truyn dn
c chun ha v tng thch
vi nhiu thit b trn mng.
Cng ngh SDH c xy dng nhm
mc ch ti u cho truyn ti lu lng
chuyn mch knh, khng ph hp vitruyn ti lu lng chuyn mch gi.
Do cu trc ghp knh phn cp nn cn
nhiu cp thit b ghp tch, phn chia
giao din n khch hng.
Kh nng nng cp khng linh hot v
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u im Nhc im
Thun tin cho kt ni truyn
dn im -im
Qun l d dng
Cng ngh c chun ha
Thit b c trin khai
rng ri
gi thnh nng c p l tng i t.
Khng ph hp vi t chc mng theo
cu trc Mesh.
Kh trin khai cc dch v ng dngMulticast
Dung lng bng thng ginh cho bo v
v phc hi ln
Phng thc cung cp kt ni phc tp,
thi gian cung ng kt ni di
2.1.2 Cng ngh WDM
2.1.2.1. Tng quan
WDM l cng ngh truyn ti trn si quang xy dng v pht trin t nhng
nm 90 ca th k trc. WDM cho php truyn ti cc lung thng tin s tc rt
cao (theo l thuyt dung lng truyn ti tng cng c th n hng chc ngn
Gigabt/s). Nguyn l c bn ca cng ngh ny l thc hin truyn ng thi cc tn
hiu quang thuc nhiu bc sng khc nhau trn mt si quang. Bng tn truyn ti
thch hp trn si quang c phn chia thnh nhng bc sng chun vi khong
cch thch hp gia cc bc sng ( c chun ha bi tiu chun G.692 ca ITU-
T), mi bc sng c th truyn ti mt lung thng tin c tc ln (chng hn
lung thng tin s tc 10Gbt/s). Do , cng ngh WDM cho php xy dng
nhng h thng truyn ti thng tin quang c dung lng gp nhiu ln so vi h
thng thng tin quang n bc sng. Hin ti, sn phm v cc h thng truyn dn
WDM c sn xut bi nhiu hng sn xut thit b vin thng v c trin
khai trn mng ca nhiu nh cung cp dch v vin thng trn th gii.
2.1.2.2. u im - Nhc im:
u im Nhc im
Cung cp cc h thng truyn ti quang c
dung lng ln, p ng c cc yu cu bng
n lu lng ca cc loi hnh dch v.
Nng cao nng lc truyn dn cc si quang,
tn dng kh nng truyn ti ca h thng cp
quang c xy dng.
Gi thnh thit b mng cao
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2.1.3 Cng ngh RPR
2.1.3.1 Tng quan
Cng ngh RPR l cng ngh mng c xy dng nhm p ng nhng yu
cu v truyn ti lu lng dng d liu trong mng ring.Cng ngh Ethernet v cng
ngh SDH thc hin c lp u khng p ng c nhu cu truyn d liu trongmng Ring; SDH c nhiu u im khi xy dng mng theo cu trc Ring nhng li
km hiu qu khi truyn ti lu lng dng d liu. Ethernet c th truyn ti lu
lng dng d liu mt cch hiu qu nhng li kh trin khai vi cu trc mng ring.
Cng ngh RPR ra i khc phc nhng nhc im ca hai cng ngh ny.
im ch yu ca cng ngh RPR l n kin to giao thc mi phn lp
MAC. Giao thc ny c p dng nhm mc ch ti u ho vic qun l bng thng
v hiu qu cho vic trin khai cc dch v truyn d liu trn vng ring.
RPR s dng vng song hng gm 2 si quang truyn ngc chiu i xngnhau. Mt vng c gi l vng ngoi (Outer ring), vng kia c gi l vng trong
(Inner ring). Hai vng c th ng thi s dng truyn d liu v thng tin iu
khin
Khi c li node hay lin kt xy ra trn vng si quang, RPR thc hin chuyn
mch bo v thng minh i hng lu lng i xa kh i ni b li vi tin cy
t ti thi gian nh hn 50 ms. Vic thc hin kh nng t phc hi da trn c s
hai phng thc: phng thc STEERING v phng thc WRAPPING. Cc nt
mng RPR trong vng ring c th thu cc gi tin c a ch ho gi n nt bichc nng DROP v chn cc gi tin gi t nt vo trong vng ring bi chc nng
ADD. Cc gi tin khng phi a ch ca nt s c chuyn qua. Mt trong nhng
chc nng quan trng na ca RPR l lu lng trong vng ring s c truyn ti
theo 3 mc u tin l high, medium, low tng ng vi 3 mc cht lng dch v QoS
(quanlity of service). Hin ti giao thc RPR c chun ho trong tiu chun IEEE
803.17 ca Vin k thut in v in t Hoa K.
2.1.3.2 u im - Nhc im
u im Nhc im
Thch hp cho vic truyn ti lu lng
d liu vi cu trc ring
Hiu sut s dng dung lng bng
thng ln do thc hin nguyn tc ghp
knh thng k v dng chung bng thng
Gi thnh thit hin ti cn kh
t
RPR ch thc hin chc nng t
phc hi trong cu trc vng ring n.
Vi cu trc ring lin kt th khi c s
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u im Nhc im
H tr trin khai cc dch v Multicast
Qun l n gin do mng c cu
hnh mt cch t dng
Cung cp kt ni vi nhiu mc SLA
khc nhau
Phng thc cung cp kt ni nhanh,
n gin.
c ti nt lin kt cc ring vi nhau
RPR khng thc hin c chc nng
phc hi lu lng ca cc kt ni
thng qua nt mng lin kt ring.
Cng ngh mi c chun ho
do vy kh nng tng thch vi thit
b ca cc hng khc khng cao.
2.1.4 Cng ngh thun Ethernet
2.1.4.1 Tng quan
Cng ngh Ethernet c xy dng v chun ho thc hin cc chc nng
ca lp vt l v lp lin kt d liu. Cng ngh Ethernet h tr hiu qu vic cung
cp dch v kt ni im - im vi cu trc topo mng ph bin kiu ring v hub and
spoke.
Vi cng ngh ng gi VLAN (VLAN Stacking, VLAN Tunneling) d liu ca
khch hng c th c phn chia c lp vi nhng i tng d liu khc.
Trong cng ngh QinQ (802.1ad), bn cnh trng VLAN Tagging 12 bit truyn
thng (802.1q), nh cung cp dch v Metro Ethernet s b sung thm mt trngVLAN tagging 12 bit th 2 phn bit cc bn tin trong mi trng ca nh cung cp
v bn tin trong mi trng ca khch hng. Cng ngh Q-in-Q n ginnhng vn
m bo c phn no nhng yu cu t ra v cht lng dch v. S dng 3 bit
trong trng CoS cho php phn chia c 8 loi yu cu cht lng dch v khc
nhau, c kh nng kim sot lu lng kh linh hot, p ng c nhng yu cu t
ra cho mt h thng mng chuyn mch gi. Cc gi tin c th c nh du ty theo
dch v hoc ty theo khch hng. Trng CoS cho php c th nh x 1 -1 vi 3 bit IP
Precedence hoc mt phn vi 6 bit DSCP.Trong h thng mng cung cp dch v Metro, Ethernet c s dng nh mt
cng ngh thay th cho ATM v Frame Relay. Cc ch s ATM PVI, VCI c thay
th bng VLAN tag. Ngoi ra, vi bn cht truyn a im, Ethernet cn c kh nng
cung cp dch v kt ni a im a im m ATM v Frame Relay khng cung cp
c. Hn ch ln nht ca h thng mng Metro Ethernet da trn VLAN l gii hn
4096 VLAN tag. Nu mi khch hng s dng 1 VLAN-ID th mi vng mng ch c
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th cung cp ti a 4096 ng kt ni. Vi gii php Q-in-Q, khi chn thm mt
trng VLAN tag trong bn tin ca nh cung cp, ti a, c th cung cp ti 1677216
nhn dch v.
2.1.4.2 Chun Q-in-Q (802.1ad)
Cng ngh Metro Ethernet ngy cng pht trin, nhng chun 802.1Q VLANlm hn ch s lng VLAN (hn ch cung cp dch v ti ngi dng) do th VLAN
nh ngha trong IEEE 802,1Q ch c 12 bit. V vy, khng gian a ch ca n ch c
4096, khng p ng khi s lng ngi s dng ngy cng tng. V QinQ c
a ra gii quyt c vn ny.
QinQ c thit k mrng s VLAN bng cch thm vo gi 1 th VLAN
802.1Q. Vi phn mrng th, s VLAN ch ra tng ln n s lng xp x 16 triu
VLAN. Th VLAN bn trong cng ngh QinQ c hai phn: phn bn trong v phn
bn ngoi.Phn bn trong th dng ch ngi s dng
Phn bn ngoi ch dch v.
nh dng ca gitin Q-in-Q
Hnh 2.1 Cutrc bn tin Q-in-Q
Bn tin Q-in-Q c to ra t bn tin 802.1Q bng cch chn thm 4 byte nh
du vo sau cc trng a ch DA, SA. Gi tr ETYPE c thit lp ty theo tng
hng, mc nh l 0x8100.
2.1.4.3ng gi Q-in-Q
Vic ng gi Q-in-Q c th c thc hin ti UPE - ti DSLAM hoc ti cc
thit b chuyn mch Metro, ty theo tng cu hnh mng. Vic ng gi ny c
chia lm 3 loi:
ng githeo cng
ng githeo lu lng.
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ng gi theo giao din
nggi theo cng: ng gi QinQ da trn cng l ng gi tt c cc lu
lng n mt cng no vi th VLAN bn ngoi. Ch ny khng mm do.
nggi theo lu lng: Trong ch ng gi da trn lu lng, thit b
phn loi lu lng d liu n ca mt cng no . Sau , n quyt nh dng thbn ngoi cho mi loi lu lng. Trong ch ny, QinQ c gi l QinQ chn lc
(selective QinQ). QinQ chn lc c phn loi bi da trn s phn loi lu lng
sau:
nggi theo giao din: Thng thng, qu trnh ng gi gi tin Q-in-Q c
thc hin trn cng chuyn mch. Trong trng hp, truyn d liu ngi dng thng
qua mng li bi VLL/PWE3, th cc subinterface trn NPE c th ng gi VLAN
bn ngoi da trn th VLAN v truy nhp VLL/PWE3 thng qua th VLAN. Trong
ch ny, nhiu VLAN ca nhiu ngi dng c th c truyn dn trong sutthng qua subinterface, v c gi l QinQ Stacking subinterface.
y cng l mt ch ng gi da trn lu lng. Ch ny hu ch khi
QinQ Stacking subinterface c dng vi L2VPN (PWE3/VLL/VPLS). Trong ch
ny, chuyn tip lp 3 khng h tr.
2.1.4.4 Kt cuiQ-in-Q
Kt cui Q-in-Q l im ti nhn VLAN ngoi v trong c nhn dng, ty
theo chnh sch chuyn tip gi tin m loi b nhn hoc chuyn tip gi tin. Khi s
dng Q-in-Q kt ni ln mng li, phng thc thc hin s ty theo cu hnh mng
m c s thay i.
Ti im bin ca mng li, kt cui Q-in-Q c thc hin trn sub-interface
ca Router kt ni, thng c gi l giao din con kt cui Q-in-Q. Giao din ny
tng t vi cc giao din VLAN ngoi tr l giao din VLAN x l 01 nhn VLAN,
cn giao din kt cui Q-in-Q th x l 02 nhn VLAN.
2.1.4.5 u im - Nhc im
u im Nhc im- Giao din Ethernet c s
dng ph bin trong cc h
thng mng LAN, hu nh tt
cc cc thit b v my ch
trong mng LAN s dng kt
ni Ethernet.
- Cng ngh Ethernet ph hp vi cu trc
mng theu kiu Hub (cu trc t - p hnh
cy) m khng ph hp vi cu trc mng
ring. iu ny xut pht t vic cng ngh
Ethernet thc hin chc nng nh tuyn
trn c s thut ton nh tuyn chng lp
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- Chi ph u t thp
- Hu ht cc giao thc, giao
din truyn ti ng dng trong
cng ngh Ethernet c
chun ho (h giao thc IEEE
802.3). Phn ln cc thit b
mng Ethernet ca cc nh
sn xut u tun theo cc
tiu chun trong h tiu chun
trn. Vic chun ho ny to
iu kin kt ni d dng,
tng thch kt ni gia cc
nh sn xut thit b khc
nhau cao- Qun l n gin
phn on hnh cy (spanning-tree-
algorithm);.C th l thut ton nh tuyn
phn on hnh cy trong nhiu trng hp
s thc hin chn mt vi phn on tuyn
trong ring, iu ny s lm gim dung
lng bng thng lm vic ca vng ring.
- Thi gian thc hin bo v phc hi ln.
iu ny cng xut pht t nguyn nhn l
thut ton nh tuyn phn on hnh cy
c thi gian hi t di hn nhiu so vi thi
gian hi phc i vi c ch bo v ca
vng ring (tiu chun l 50 ms).
- Khng ph hp cho vic truyn ti ng
dng c c tnh lu lng thi gian thc- Cha thc hin chc nng m bo cht
lng dch v (QoS) cho nhng dch v cn
truyn ti c yu cu v QoS
2.1.5 Cng ngh PBT
2.1.5.1 Tng quan
PBT l mt nh hng mi trong trin khai mng Metro Ethernet. Cng ngh
PBT cho php cung cp h tng mng Ethernet trn din rng vi cht lng yu cu
kht khe tng ng vi nhng tiu chun vin thng t ra. PBT tun theo chun
IEEE 802.1ah.
PBT s dng cng ngh Ethernet c lc b nhng thnh phn v chng lp,
qun l mng STP. Ngi qun l mng s trc tip cu hnh trn cc h thng switch,
ch r ng kt ni, truyn d liu ca tng switch. Cc ng truyn qua h thng
mng s khng cn ph thuc vo vic hc ca cc switch m do ngi qun tr cu
hnh trc.
Cc bn tin Ethernet c sa i, thm mt s trng thng tin m rng khnng phc v cng nh h tr .
2.1.5.2 u im-Nhc im
u im Nhc im- Kh nng m rng mng
- Gi thnh thp
- Qun l n gin
- Khi trin khai cc dch v multicast
th cn bng thng ln
- ang trong qu trnh chun ho
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2.1.6 Cng ngh MPLS
2.1.6.1 Tng quan
Nguyn l hot ng ch yu ca thc hin trong cng ngh MPLS l thc hin
gn nhn cho cc loi gi tin cn chuyn i ti cc b nh tuyn nhn bin LER, sau
cc gi tin ny s c trung chuyn qua cc b nh tuyn chuyn mch nhnng LSR. Cc ng chuyn mch nhn LSP c thit lp bi ngi iu qun l
mng trn c s m bo mt s yu cu k thut nht nh nh l mc chim dng
ng thng, kh nng tc nghn, chc nng kin to ng hm.Nh vy, s hot
ng chuyn mch ca cc LSP cho php MPLS c kh nng to ra cc kt ni u
cui ti u cui.
Nhng chc nng ch yu ca cng ngh MPLS c m t v nh ngha
trong cc ti liu ca t chc IETF (RFC 3031, 3032).
Phng php chuyn mch nhn ng dng trong cng ngh MPLS cho php ccb nh tuyn thc hin nh tuyn gi tin nhanh hn do tnh n gin ca vic x l
thng tin nh tuyn cha trong nhn.
Mt chc nng quan trng na c thc hin trong MPLS l thc hin cc
k thut lu lng, cc k thut ny cho php thit lp cc ng thng cc thng s
thc hin mng c th truyn ti lu lng vi cc cp dch v v cht lng dch
v khc nhau (RFC 2702).
MPLS c kh nng kin to cc kt ni ng hm cung cp dch v mng
ring o.
2.1.6.2 u im Nhc im
u im Nhc im
Cng ngh MPLS ph hp vi hu
ht cu trc topo mng (ring, mesh)
Cng ngh MPLS cho php truyn
ti a dch v vi hiu sut truyn ticao
H tr truyn ti cc dch v c yu
cu QoS
Cung cp cc dch v VPN Layer 3
Gi thnh ti thi im ny l kh
cao
Qun l v vn hnh phc tp
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2.2 CNG NGH PBB V PBB-TE
2.2.1 Tng quan v PBB
2.2.1.1 Giithiu
Mc tiu u t ca cc nh cung cp dch v ln h thng mng l nhm cung
cp cc dch v mi vi kh nng qun l lu lng, trnh tc nghn. Truyn ti dchv qua mng MPLS c tin hnh u t t 10 nm qua. Vi s chnh sa m
rng MPLS (MPLS-TE) v T-MPLS, kh nng truyn ti cc gi tin dng hng kt
ni qua Ethernet ang dn tr nn hin thc. Tng t nh cch thc tip cn ca T-
MPLS, cng ngh PBT (Provider Backbone Transport) cng hng ti vic truyn ti
Ethernet vi chi ph iu khin thp. Cng ngh PBB c s ng h ca Nortel,
SieMAN - Es cng mt s nh cung cp khc. Gia PBB (PBT, PBB-TE) v T-MPLS
c mt im chung l : s dng phng thc qun l tp trung cu hnh cc ng
truyn ti hng kt ni. T-MPLS ang c li th vi PBT v mt chun ha nhngcng s cn mt rt nhiu thi gian mi c th l mt cng ngh chn mui cho mng
truyn ti so vi MPLS. Nhng nh cung cp dch v u t rt ln vo h tng
SONET/SDH, mun chuyn sang h thng da trn nn IP v ang rt quan tm
n cc hng cng ngh mi ny vi nhn nh l n s n gin hn so vi m hnh
ca MPLS.
2.2.1.2Mt s nh gi- PBT c coi l nhng cng ngh th h tng li, cho php nh cung cp gim
bt chi ph u t, chi ph vn hnh. Sau y s l nhng nh gi v: tnh ngin, tnh m, tin cy v l do cho gim bt chi ph u t cng nh chi ph
qun l.
- PBB c a ra vi mc tiu l p dng cng ngh Ethernet cho h thng mng
yu cu tnh cht hng kt ni, tng t nh nhng cng ngh SONET/SDH,
ATM hay cp quang. PBB gim bt phc tp ca Ethernet bng cch loi b
cc cng ngh truyn thng trong mng LAN: spanning-tree, truyn qung b.
Vi cc ci tin v thng s ca frame truyn tin, PBB cho php cc h tng
mng truyn ti c th ng dng Ethernet nh mt phng tin truyn ti hiuqu.
- Chun cng ngh nn tng ca PBB l PBB Provider Backbone Bridging s
dng ng gi MAC-IN-MAC (IEEE 802.1ah) thm vo cc ng gi bn tin to
ng hm trong mng. PBB-TE l mt giai on pht trin tip theo ca PBB
hin ang c chun ha bi IEEE. Mt xu hng khc trong pht trin PBB-
TE l s dng h thng iu khin phn tn da trn GMPLS Generalized
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MPLS. Tuy nhin GMPLS c nhng c tnh ch h tr mng chuyn ti quang
v vi h thng mng din rng, mng metro, vic iu khin bc sng ng
trong truyn ti quang l kh thc hin. Vi nhng hn ch v iu khin phn
tn nh vy nn cng ngh PBB ch tp trung vo m hnh qun l mng tp
trung.
- PBT lc b nhng tnh nng v spanning-tree, flooding, broadcasting ca mng
Ethernet LAN truyn thng. Thi gian phc hi lu cng nh phng thc
truyn qung b thng l khng c dng trong h thng mng ca nh cung
cp dch v.
- Cc cng ngh c bn ca PBT l Q-in-Q (IEEE 802.1 ad), MAC-IN-MAC
(IEEE 802.1ah) v OAM (IEEE 802.1ag), b sung mt s phng thc m rng
cho vic bo v ng truyn (o) d liu.
- Trong PBB, mt phng iu khin c trin khai tp trung, dn n l n gin
hn trong lp qun l. V mt k thut, khi tp trung iu khin th vic iukhin nh tuyn cng nh cc giao thc bo hiu s bt phc tp. Ni cch
khc, trong mng s dng PBB, khng cn thit phi c cc giao thc nh tuyn
BGP, OSPF, ISIS hay cc giao thc bo hiu RSVT-TE, LDP. PBB gim bt
phc tp trn vng iu khin v chuyn cng vic cho phn qun tr dch v.
Tnh n gin
- Vi nhn nh l h thng NMS s lm thay nhng cng vic ca h thng iu
khin, loi b cc giao thc nh tuyn, c th c nhng suy ngh cho rng vic
qun tr h thng cng nh dch v s d dng hn. iu ny cng ng khimng l h thng tnh, dch v c khai bo v c kim sot, khc vi h thng
mng nh tuyn ng, dch v c th c truyn qua mng m ngi qun l
khng th hoc kh kim sot cc chng kt ni. C rt nhiu nh cung cp nhn
mnh vo tnh cht n gin ny.
- im mnh ca PBB l tnh n gin ca h thng. S dng PBB s khng cn
cn c cc h thng iu khin lu lng, cc giao thc bo hiu trn tng node
mng. Khng cn c nhng vn v sai st hay s phc tp ca cc giao thc
lp 3. n gin l tt nhng mt s nh cung cp dch v khng thc s quantm n iu ny, iu h quan tm l truyn ti dch v tin cy v c th gim
bt chi ph qun l mng tt nht c th.
- PBT c c ch n gin v ch h tr cc kt ni point-to-point. Mc d cc c
ch kt ni point to multipoint v multipoint-to-multipoint ang c thit k
nhng vn l kt ni point-to-point khng th h tr mi trng a dch v.
Mt mng ln ca th trng mng Metro Ethernet l dch v triple-play qua kt
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ni point-to-point n khch hng. Tuy nhin, th trng ln nht trong Metro
Ethernet li l kt ni point-to-point (knh thu ring). Hin ti, vi chun PLSB
(Provider Linkstate Bridging) ang c nghin cu, PBB k vng s c s b
sung hon ho cho kt ni a im a im.
- PBB hng ti mt h thng mng metro c qun tr tnh, phng theo nhng
m hnh qun tr c ca h thng SONET/SDH. Vi nhng nh cung cp dchv truyn thng, iu ny lm cho h cm thy quen thuc, khng phi thay i
nhiu. Tuy nhin, y cng l iu tng t vi h thng s dng MPLS & LSP.
Kh nng m rng ca PBB
Kh nng m rng t l thun vi kh nng qun l cu hnh mng. Mt h thng
mng khng c kh nng qun l cu hnh th s khng c kh nng m rng.
Trong mng Ethernet truyn thng, VLAN c to ra phn tch thng tin
gia cc vng mng. Hn ch ln nht ca VLAN l mi router hoc switch ch h trti a 4096 VLAN. Vi mt cng ty, mt n v th con s ny l qu . Nhng trong
mi trng mng cung cp dch v, 4096 khng c ngha thc t. ci tin vn
ny, hai chun IEEE 802.1ad(Q-in-Q) v IEEE 802.1ah (MAC-IN-MAC) c p
dng. Q-in-Q cho php m rng s lng VLAN v MAC-in-MAC cho php nh
danh s lng khc hng ln ti hng triu khch hng.
PBB cho php da vo VLAN nh danh s lng khch hng v vt qua
c ro cn 4096 VLAN. Nhng lm iu ny, trn cc switch PBB cn phi dnh
nhiu b nh, CPU hn cho vic x l cc header ca Ethernet Frame, tm ra c haia ch MAC trong frame. S lng b nh cng nh CPU cn thm s tng ln
khong 30%. iu tt yu l gi thnh chung ca thit b cng s tng ln.
Vi hn ch trong vic h tr multicast, tng lai 5 10 nm tip theo, cc dch
v IPTV, triple-play s l mt vn m PBB phi cn nhc khi pht trin.
tin cy ca PBB
Vi h thng mng cung cp dch v th tin cy l mt trong nhng yu t
tin quyt khi nh gi h thng. Phn ln cc nh cung cp dch v mong mun cung
cp dch v, ng dng ti ngi s dng vi n nh 4 s 9 hoc 5 s 9, hn ch ti
a nhng nh hng ti cht lng ca h thng thoi, truyn s liu hoc video. PBB
ang c IEEE xem xt vi tn gi PBB-TE v c nhng cn tr nht nh cn phi
vt qua nu mun c chun ha.
tin cy ca PBB da trn cc quy nh ca chun ITU G.8031 cho bo v
vng chuyn mch Ethernet, tng t nh giao thc bo v chuyn mch trong
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SONET/SDH t ng bo v chuyn mch (Auto protection Switching APS). Khi
thit lp mt knh chuyn d liu, PBB quy nh thm mt knh na lm knh d
phng. Trong cng ngh SONET/SDH, y gi l d phng 1 + 1. Tuy nhin, PBB
khng c nhng khuyn ngh lin quan n vic bo v trong trng hp s c xy ra
node kt ni hoc ng ring vt l.
Chiph ca PBB
Trong trng hp PBB trin khai cung cp dch v mng im im vi
nhng thit b switch Ethernet gi r, r rng l chi ph u t thp hn bt k loi
hnh no khc. L do l cc khi chuyn mch Ethernet hin nay c gi thnh sn
xut rt thp, c bit khi so snh vi nhng switch ATM hoc router.
Hin nay, cc khi thit b chuyn mch tun th theo PBB cha c sn xut
i tr. Nhng thit b chuyn mch thng thng khng h tr hoc cha h tr cc
tnh nng OAM (802.1ag). V th, trong tng lai gn kh nng thit b PBB c snxut i tr nh switch Ethernet s cha r rng.
B nh, kh nng x l l nhng thnh phn phi u t thm trong nhng
switch khi x l ng gi, m gi bn tin MAC-IN-MAC. Theo IDC, gi thnh s tng
thm khong 33% khi so snh mt thit b PBB vi thit b chuyn mch lp 2 thng
thng.
Do PBB khng h tr Multicast lp 3 nn khi s dng PBB cho dch v Triple-
play, vi mi dch v khi cn truyn ti a im cn phi tng thm bng thng ring
r tng ng cho mi im.
PBB c h tr m bo cht lng dch v mc cao nht ( H-QoS). m
bo tryn ti thng tin vi yu cu H-QoS, pha nhn phi c s c lp tng i vi
mi trng truyn ti. Vi cng ngh hng kt ni nh PBB, cc tuyn truyn dn c
kh m bo lu lng phi c xc lp trc. Vi nhng mng m ti nguyn bng
thng khng m bo, gii php ny s dn ti tng chi ph s dng.
Mt s vn khc
Theo di trng thi truyn tin qua cc ch s v tr, mt gi l nhng ngdng qun l mng thng c s dng. PBB s dng chun ITU Y1731 theo di
tr, mt gi. Tuy nhin, nu c nhng dch v trn nn MPLS s dng h tng PBB
th nhng yu cu v theo di hiu nng cng nh qun l ca MPLS cn phi c b
sung.
Nm 2008 cha c mng dch v thc t no s dng cng ngh PBB. BT
(Brishtish Telecom) cng b s p dng PBB cung cp dch v im-im, truyn
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ti lu lng ti h thng mng MPLS. BT khng ch trng s dng PBB thay
th mng MPLS. Verizon ang xem xt trin khai PBB cho mng chuyn mch trn
ton nc M. Nu thnh cng, y c th coi l d n ln u tin ca PBB.
Mc tiu chnh ca PBB l h thng mng metro v truy cp Ethernet. Nhng
Nortel vn cho rng PBB c th c s dng cho nhng mng li. Nhng nhng b
tch ghp ROADMs c gi ngy cng gim, s ph bin ca MPLS trn nn mng cp
quang, kh nng PBB c s dng trn mng Metro thu hp. Thm vo , cc
thit b truyn ti ang c thit k theo xu hng c kh nng truyn thng d liu
t switch Ethernet xung tng truyn ti WDM ( Ethernet over WDM), gim gi thnh
s dng b chuyn i v vic thu go m Ethernet trong mng Metro.
Mt cu hi t ra l tnh nng dch v m nh cung cp a ti ngi s dng.
Vi nhng nh cung cp dch v im - im, h thng mng dch v c nh, mun
hn ch ti a nhng s phc tp do nh tuyn mang li th s la ch n PBT. Dch v
mang tnh thng mi cao nh L3 VPN (rfc 2547/4364) li khng c h tr trong
PBT. Nh vy, nhng nh cung cp dch v ny s phi chp nhn gii hn dch v
cung cp l im dim hin ti v tng lai.
Trn y l mt s gii thiu ngn gn v nhng nh gi v PBB Phn tip theo
s trnh by chi tit v nhng chun c s dng trong PBB-TE.
2.2.2 Cng ngh PBB-TE
Nh nu trong phn trn, nn tng ca cng ngh truyn dn Metro s dng
PBT l hai giao thc ng gi lp 2 : Q-in-Q ( 802.1ad) v MAC-in-MAC(802.1ah).Vn cn phi quan tm ca h tng mng lp 2 l s lng a ch MAC khi cung
cp dch v E-LAN, E-TREE cng nh khng gian a ch MAC ca nh cung cp v
ca ngi dng u c gii quyt qua vic ng gi tiu bn tin Ethernet trong
mt tiu Ethernet khc.
2.2.2.1. Chun MAC-in-MAC(802.1ah)
Chun 802.1ah hay cn gi l PBB Provider Backbone Bridges gii quyt
nhng vn m 802.1ad vn cha x l c. Vi Q-in-Q, s lng VLAN ca
mng cung cp dch v vn mi ch dng li 4096. Thay v thm mt nhn VLAN
vo bn tin Ethernet, PBB s ng gi mo u ca gi tin 802.1ad trong mt mo u
MAC khc. Nh vy, bn tin s c hai lp a ch MAC: a ch MAC ca Q-in-Q v
a ch MAC ca lp mng cung cp dch v (Service Provider) MAC-IN-MAC.
Trong bn tin MAC-IN-MAC, trng Service Instances c di 24 bit s dng
nh danh cho cc dch v tng ng vi VLAN, cho php m rng kh nng ca
cung cp dch v ln ti 16 triu VLAN .
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Ti thi im hin ti, chun 802.1ah c IEEE ph duyt chnh thc. Bn
cnh cc m t v bn tin, hot ng ca 802.1ah, chun ny cng m t giao thc
MSTP Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol. Chun MSTP khc vi STP l cho php cc
bn tin Ethernet c th c truyn theo nhiu ng dn khc nhau.
nh dng ca bn tin MAC-in-MAC
Cc trng thng tin trong bn tin MAC-IN-MAC c m t trong bng di
y. Bng pha trn m t nhng thng tin ca bn tin trong mng Q-in-Q (ngi
dng), bng pha di l nhng thng tin c thm vo ti im bin ca mng
MAC-IN-MAC.
Bng 2.1 nh dng bn tin MAC-in-MAC
Payload
Ethertype (802.1Q=0x8100) 16 bit
Customer-VLAN ID 16 bit
Ethertype (802.1ad = 0x88-a8) 16 bit
Service VLAN ID 16 bit
Ethertype (IPV4: 0x0800, IPV6: 0x86DD) 16 bit
Customer SA (MAC) 48 bit
Customer DA (MAC) 48 bit
I-TAG: 32 bit or 128 bit
Ethertype : 16 bit
Backbone VLAN ID (16 bit)Ethertype : 16 bit
Backbone SA (MAC) 48 bit
Backbone DA (MAC) 48 bit
Cc thng tin c b sung vo bn tin Ethernet m bo cho h thng mng
c th chuyn mch cc gi tin nh mng LAN thng thng. Chi tit v hot ng
ca 802.1ah s c m t trong phn tip theo.
Hot ng ca 802.1ah
Bn tin ca ngi dng khi i n swit ch bin ca mng PBB ( PBEB Provider
Backbone Edge Bridge) s c dng gi thm mt s thng tin to nn mt mo
u lp Ethernet mi mo u ca nh cung cp dch v.
PBEB kim tra bng chuyn tip a ch MAC v chuyn tip gi tin tng t
nh trong h thng mng LAN. Bn tin s c chuyn tip trong h thng mng nh
cung cp v n PBEB cn n. Ti y, PBEB s tch mo u MAC mi thm vo
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v chuyn n mng ngi dng cui. Trong mng 802.1ah, ng truyn cho cc gi
tin s c ch r theo tng chng t ng hoc theo cu hnh trc.
Hnh 2.2 Hotng ca 802.1ah
Hnh di y m t kt ni gia cc vng mng Q-in-Q qua mt mng trung
gian (nh cung cp) MAC-IN-MAC.
Hnh 2.3 Ktni gia cc vng mng Q-in-Q qua mtmngMAC-INMAC
Cng ngh 802.1ah cho php tch ring khng gian a ch MAC ca ngi
dng cui v khng gian a ch ca nh cung cp dch v. Cc thng tin ca bn tin
Ethernet s khng c ngha trong vng mng nh cung cp dch v.
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2.2.2.2Chun PBB-TE (802.1Qay)Ch vi nhng chun 802.1ah, 802.1ad th cha p dng Ethernet cho h
thng mng ca nhng nh cung cp dch v. Trong qu trnh xy dng cc tnh nng,
yu cu c th s dng Ethernet, chun 802.1Qay Provider Backbone Bridges
Traffic Engineering kt hp t cc chun:- 802.1Q VLAN
- 802.1ab
- 802.1ad Q-in-Q
- 802.1ah MAC-IN-MAC
- 802.1ag CFM.
Nortel xut nhng iu kin s dng Ethernet trong mi trng mng
WAN, MAN gm c:
Truyn ti dch v c m bo cht lng, xc nh c ng truyn vi tng
dch v trn nn mng Ethernet trong ton tuyn hoc mt phn.
m bo tnh tin cy, kh nng qun l v kh nng m rng nhm cung cp cc
dch v a phng tin ti ngi dng theo cc tiu chun thng mi
Tn dng kh nng vt tri v qun l v vn hnh tin ti mt h tng
mng thng nht.
Chun cng ngh PBB-TE cho php s dng Ethernet nh l cng ngh truyn
ti d liu cp nh cung cp dch v. PBT to ra nhng knh Ethernet cho phptruyn ti d liu qua h thng c kim sot v iu khin c lu lng, m bo
QoS, chu li v kh nng OAM tng t nh vi SDH truyn thng. c th x
l c ti mc kt ni, PBT loi b mt s tnh nng ca Ethernet m bo c
c m hnh mng hng kt ni, khc vi m hnh mng hin ti ca Ethernet l m
hnh khng kt ni. Khc vi PBB, PBB-TE khng s dng STP chng lp trong
mng. Khi mt khung Ethernet n cng switch vi a ch MAC khng tn ti trong
bng chuyn tip, PBB-TE s loi b khung , khc vi Ethernet truyn thng, khung
ny
B-DA: a ch MAC ngun v ch trong mng PBB. Vi nhng bn tin cha
bit a ch ch, bn tin s c gn a ch MAC dng Multicast vi nh dng
cho 3 byte u tin trong 6 byte a ch: 01-00-5E-0; phn tip theo l 23 bit a ch
ly t nh danh I-SID.
B-TAG: bao gm nh danh Backbone VLAN, cc thng tin lin quan n dch
v ca nh cung cp: nh dng Ethernet, nh dng u tin ...
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2. CNG NGH MPLS
Trong phn ny s trnh by cc kin thc cbn v cng ngh MPLS, cng
ngh MPLS trin khai cho Ethernet v cc dch v trin khaitrn MPLS
2. .1 C b n v MPLS
2.3.1.1 Giithir
u vMPLS
MPLS l mt phng thc c citin cho vic chuyn tip cc gitin trong
mng bng cch s dng cc nhn c gn thm vo trong cc gitin IP. Cc nhn
c chn vo gia header ca lp 3 v header ca lp 2 trong trng hp s dng k
thut da trn khung lp 2. i vi cc k thut da trn t bo nh ATM, th n s
cha c trng VPI v VCI.
MPLS l s kt hp ca k thut chuyn mch lp 2 v k thut nh tuyn lp
3. Mc tiu chnh ca MPLS l to ra mt cu trc mng mm do cung cp cho
c tnh mrng v n nh ca mng.
Trong mng MPLS, cc gitin vo c gn nhn bi mt b nh tuyn chuyn
mch nhn bin (Edge LSR). Cc gi tin c gi theo mt ng chuyn mch
nhn (LSP). LSP l con ng m mi LSRs dng chuyn tip da trn cc i
x ring bit cho tng nhn. Ti mi chng, LSRgb cc nhn c sn v thm vo
mt nhn mi, sau thng bo cho chng k tip bit chuyn tip gitin. Nhn
s c gb ti LSRbin v gitin s tip tc c chuyn tip n ch cn n.
2.3.1.2 Cc khi nir
m cbn
Hnh 2.4 Cutrc nhnMPLS
Nhn: Nhn l mt thc th c di ngn v c nh khng c cu trc bn
trong. Nhn khng trc tip m ha thng tin ca tiu nh a chlp mng. Nhn
c gi vo mt gi tin c th s i din cho mt FEC m gi tin c n
nh. Thng thng mt gitin c n nh mt FEC (hon ton hoc mt phn) da
trn a ch ch lp mng ca n.
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Ti u nhn: MPLS nh ngha mt header nhn. N di 32 bits v c to ra
ti LSR li vo. Dng ca nhn ph thuc vo phng thc truyn tin m gi tin
c ng gi. V d, cc gi ATM s dng gi tr VPI/VCI lm nhn, vi Frame
Relay l DLCI
Mi tiu nhn gm c 4 trng:
- Trng Label: 20 bit, cha gi tr tht ca nhn MPLS.
- Trng CoS: 3 bit, nh hng n hng i v cc thut ton loi b c p
dng cho cc gi tin khi c truyn trn mng.
- Trng S: 1 bit, dng h tr cc ngn xp nhn c phn cp.
- Trng TTL: 8 bit, xc nh gii hn bao nhiu chng (hop) m mt gi tin
MPLS c th i qua. Gii hn ny l cn c v trng IP TTL s khng c
xem xt bi cc LSR ni bn trong mt mng MPLS.
i vi cc gi tin ATM th nhn ca chng l VCI hoc VPI/VCI v cc trngTLL, S khng c h tr.
Ngn xp nhn: Mt tp hp c th t cc nhn gn theo cc gi tin chuyn
ti thng tin v nhiu FEC v v cc LSP tng ng m gi s i qua. Ngn xp nhn
cho php MPLS h tr nh tuyn phn cp (Mt nhn cho EGP v mt nhn cho IGP)
v t chc a LSP trong mt trung k LSP.
LSR v LER: B nh tuyn chuyn mch nhn l thit b nh tuyn hay
chuyn mch s dng trong mng MPLS chuyn cc gi tin bng phng php
phn phi nhn. Mt LSR thng thng l mt thit b chuyn mch tc cao trongmt mng ng trc ca mng MPLS. B nh tuyn nhn bin (LER Label Edge
Router) l mt thit b hat ng ti bin gii gia mng truy cp v mng MPLS.
Lp chuyn tip tng ng FEC: FEC l mt khi nim m t s kt hp
cc gi tin ri rc vi nhau c cng mt a ch ch, thng thng l ngi nhn cui
cng trong lung. FEC cho php nhm cc gi vo trong cc lp v c nhng i x
nh nhau. T nhm ny, gi tr FEC trong g i c th c s dng thit lp mc
u tin cho vic iu khin cc gi, FEC c th h tr hiu qu hot ng QoS. Thng
thng cc thng s sau c s dng nh x mt nhn thnh FEC i vi cc gitin trn Internet:
a ch IP ngun v ch.
Cng ngun v ch
Nhn dng giao thc IP (PID)
Lung
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n dn chuy n ch nhn LSP:Mt ng dn i xuyn qua mng c
gi l LSP. N c xc nh bng mt trong hai cch sau. Cch th nht, cc giao
thc nh tuyn c in nh OSPF hay BGP. Cch th hai, LSP c th c to ra
theo cc quy tc ca nh tuyn rng buc CR(Constraint-base routing).
Mt LSP nit u cui n u cui c gil ng hm LSP (LSP t