COMBINATIONAL LOGIC DESIGN PRACTICES. zDOCUMENTATION zTIMING zDECODERS zENCODERS zTHREE-STATE...
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Transcript of COMBINATIONAL LOGIC DESIGN PRACTICES. zDOCUMENTATION zTIMING zDECODERS zENCODERS zTHREE-STATE...
COMBINATIONAL LOGIC DESIGN PRACTICES
COMBINATIONAL LOGIC DESIGN PRACTICES
DOCUMENTATIONTIMINGDECODERSENCODERSTHREE-STATE DEVICESMULTIPLEXERSXOR GATES AND PARITY CIRCUITSCOMPARATORS
DOCUMENTATION
WHAT? SPECIFICATION: INTERFACE, FUNCTION
HOW? BLOCK DIAGRAM SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM TIMING DIAGRAM STRUCTURED LOGIC DEVICE DESCRIPTION CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
BLOCK DIAGRAMS
INPUTS, OUTPUTSFUNCTIONAL MODULESDATA PATHSCONTROL SIGNALS
BLOCK DIAGRAMS
PROCESSOR
DECODINGLOGIC
MEMORY
16
816
CS~
R/W
DATA
BUS
COLLECTION OF TWO OR MORE RELATED SIGNALS
SLASH AND NUMBER: NUMBER OF SIGNALS
SIGNAL NAMES
WELL CHOSEN NAMES CONVEY INFORMATION
SIGNAL ACTIVE LEVELS
ACTIVE HIGHACTIVE LOWASSERTED WHEN AT THE ACTIVE
LEVELDEASSERTED (NEGATED) WHEN NOT
AT THE ACTIVE LEVEL
NAMING CONVENTION
ACTIVE HIGH: GO, PAUSE, READYACTIVE LOW: GO~, PAUSE.L, /READY,
ETC.
ACTIVE LEVELS FOR PINS
INVERSION BUBBLE: ACTIVE LOWNO INVERSION BUBBLE: ACTIVE
HIGH
COMBINATIONAL LOGIC DESIGN PRACTICES
DOCUMENTATIONTIMINGDECODERSENCODERSTHREE-STATE DEVICESMULTIPLEXERSXOR GATES AND PARITY CIRCUITSCOMPARATORS
CIRCUIT TIMING
TIMING DIAGRAM RELATIONSHIPS AMONG INTERNAL SIGNALS REQUIREMENTS ON EXTERNAL SIGNALS
CAUSALITYDELAY TIMING TABLEDELAYS RANGE: MINIMUM, MAXIMUM,
TYPICALPROPAGATION DELAY (tHL, tLH,…)
TIMING SPECIFICATIONS
MAXIMUM: HOW DID THEY MEASURE IT? TEMPERATURE (25 °C, 40 °C, …) CAPACITIVE LOAD (0 pF, 50 pF, …) VCC (3.3V, 5V, …)
TYPICAL IDEAL?
MINIMUM WORK FOR ZERO DELAY? TEMPERATURE, LOAD, VCC, …
TIMING ANALYSIS
COMPLEX FOR LARGE CIRCUITSCAD TOOLS HELP, BUT:
NEED TO UNDERSTAND WHAT THE RESULTS ARE
OFTEN MANY CONTROLS NEED TO KNOW HOW TO TEST
COMBINATIONAL LOGIC DESIGN PRACTICES
DOCUMENTATIONTIMINGDECODERSENCODERSTHREE-STATE DEVICESMULTIPLEXERSXOR GATES AND PARITY CIRCUITSCOMPARATORS
DECODERS
MULTIPLE INPUT, MULTIPLE OUTPUT CIRCUIT THAT CONVERTS CODED INPUTS TO CODED OUTPUTS
INPUT AND OUTPUT CODES ARE DIFFERENT
ONE-TO-ONE MAPPING
DECODERS
BINARY DECODERS
n-TO-2n DECODERSACTIVATE EXACTLY ONE OF 2n
OUTPUTS BASED ON n-BIT INPUTS
2-TO-4 BINARY DECODER
LOGIC SYMBOLS
ONE-HALF OF 74x139 DECODER
ONE-HALF OF 74x139 DECODER
74x138 3-TO-8 DECODER
CASCADING BINARY DECODERS
74x138 HAS BOTH ACTIVE HIGH AND ACTIVE LOW ENABLE INPUTS
WITH TWO 138s WE CAN ENABLE OR THE OTHER USING THE MSB
SEVEN-SEGMENT DECODER
COMBINATIONAL LOGIC DESIGN PRACTICES
DOCUMENTATIONTIMINGDECODERSENCODERSTHREE-STATE DEVICESMULTIPLEXERSXOR GATES AND PARITY CIRCUITSCOMPARATORS
ENCODERS
MULTIPLE INPUT, MULTIPLE OUTPUT CIRCUIT THAT CONVERTS CODED INPUTS TO CODED OUTPUTS
OUTPUT CODE HAS FEWER BITSONE-TO-ONE MAPPING
BINARY ENCODER
2n-TO-n ENCODERINPUT: 1-OUT-OF-2n CODEOUTPUT: n-BIT BINARY CODE
BINARY ENCODER
BINARY ENCODER
Y0=I1+I3+I5+I7Y1=I2+I3+I6+I7Y2=I4+I5+I6+I7
PRIORITY ENCODERS
8-INPUT PRIORITY ENCODER
74x148 PRIORITY ENCODER
COMBINATIONAL LOGIC DESIGN PRACTICES
DOCUMENTATIONTIMINGDECODERSENCODERSTHREE-STATE DEVICESMULTIPLEXERSXOR GATES AND PARITY CIRCUITSCOMPARATORS
THREE-STATE DEVICES
ENABLE - DEVICE “FLOATS”FLOATS = HIGH IMPEDANCE STATE = = HI-Z STATE = DISCONNECTED
STATE
MULTIPLE SOURCES ON THREE-STATE PARTY LINE
MULTIPLE THREE-STATE DEVICES CAN SHARE SINGLE LINE
FIGHTINGDEAD TIME
MULTIPLE SOURCES ON THREE-STATE PARTY LINE
STANDARD THREE-STATE BUFFERS
HYSTERESIS?BUFFERSTRANSCEIVERS
COMBINATIONAL LOGIC DESIGN PRACTICES
DOCUMENTATIONTIMINGDECODERSENCODERSTHREE-STATE DEVICESMULTIPLEXERSXOR GATES AND PARITY CIRCUITSCOMPARATORS
MULTIPLEXERS
DIGITAL SWITCH
MULTIPLEXERS
1
0
n
jj iDjMENiY
74x151, 74x157
74x153
THREE-STATE MUXES
DISABLED OUTPUT HI-Z INSTEAD OF 0: 74x151 74x251 74x153 74x253 74x157 74x257
EXPANDING MUXES
EXPAND THE NUMBER OF BITS MULTIPLE 74x151s…
FANOUTEXPAND THE NUMBER OF SOURCES
MUXES, DEMUXES, BUSES
MUXES, DEMUXES, BUSES
DECODERS AS DEMUXES
DECODERS AS DEMUXES
DESIGN EXAMPLE
CREATE A MUX-DEMUX SYSTEM FOR A 2-BIT BUS
4 2-BIT INPUTS TO 4 2-BIT OUTPUTSUSE STANDARD TTL CHIPS FROM
BOOK
COMBINATIONAL LOGIC DESIGN PRACTICES
DOCUMENTATIONTIMINGDECODERSENCODERSTHREE-STATE DEVICESMULTIPLEXERSXOR GATES AND PARITY CIRCUITSCOMPARATORS
XOR FUNCTION
XY=X’Y + XY’
XOR MULTIGATE DESIGN
XOR MULTIGATE DESIGN
XOR GATES
ANY TWO SIGNALS MAY BE COMPLEMENTED
PARITY
COMBINATIONAL LOGIC DESIGN PRACTICES
DOCUMENTATIONTIMINGDECODERSENCODERSTHREE-STATE DEVICESMULTIPLEXERSXOR GATES AND PARITY CIRCUITSCOMPARATORS
COMPARATORS
EQUALITY - COMPARATORSARITHMETIC RELATIONSHIP -
MAGNITUDE COMPARATORS
4-BIT COMPARATOR
ITERATION?
n. THE ACTION OR A PROCESS OF REPEATING AS: A PROCEDURE IN WHICH REPETITION OF A
SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS YIELDS A RESULT SUCCESSIVELY CLOSER TO A DESIRED RESULT
THE REPETITION OF A SEQUENCE OF COMPUTER INSTRUCTIONS A SPECIFIED NUMBER OF TIMES OR UNTIL A CONDITION IS MET
ITERATIVE CIRCUITS
ITERATIVE ALGORITHM:1. SET C0 TO INITIAL VALUE, SET i TO 0
2. USE Ci AND PIi TO TO GET POi AND Ci+1
3. INCREMENT i 4. IF i<n GO TO STEP 2
ITERATIVE COMPARATOR
74x85 COMPARATOR
ARITHMETIC CONDITIONS