Chapter Outline Chapter 33: The United States and Europe Since 1945 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc....

Brummett, et al Civilization, Past & Present

Chapter Outline

Chapter 33: The United States and Europe Since 1945

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I. Technology and Social ChangesII. The United StatesIII. Western EuropeIV. Eastern EuropeV. The Soviet Union and the Russian RepublicVI. Interdependence in a Changing World

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins


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I. Technology and Social Changes

A. Technological RevolutionsJames D. Watson, Francis H. C. Crick

1953, DNA model

Silicon Chipcomputer processors

B. The Postwar Social Revolution: Women and Family

Women leadersEurope, America, Japan, Philippines

Glass ceiling

Eastern Europe, Russialess advancement



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II. The United StatesNew Deal

legacy until 1980's

A. Postwar Leadership

Harry Truman, 1945-1953

Dwight Eisenhower

John F. Kennedy"New Frontier"

B. The Crisis of the Presidency

Lyndon B. JohnsonCivil Rights Act of 1964War on PovertyMedicare

Vietnam> protests

1968 - AssassinationsMartin Luther King, Jr.Robert F. Kennedy

Richard M. Nixon, elected 1968

re-elected, 1972Watergate

> impeachment, 1974resignation

Oil embargo, 1974



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II. The United StatesC. The Limited Presidency

1976 - Ford v. Jimmy CarterHostage CrisisTehran> 1980, Reagan elected

Ronald Reagan"New Federalism"1984 Election

re-electionConflicts

Lebanon Libya

Muammar al-Qadafi> 1986, attacks

Iran-Contra affairNicaragua, El Salvadorrevolutionaries

(C. The Limited Presidency)George Bush, 1988

1990, Persian Gulf WarIraq invades Kuwait

1992, Bill ClintonNorth American Free Trade

Agreement

D. The New Century: Electoral Crisis and Terrorism

2000 CampaignAlbert Gore v. George W. Bush

September 11, 2001Patriot ActWeapons of Mass Destruction



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III. Western EuropeEuropean Economic Community

1957, established= Common Market

1992, Treaty of MaastrichtEuropean Union

12 members2004, Twenty-five members

A. Economic Growth and the Immigration DilemmaGasterbeiter

= guest workersespecially from Turkey,

BalkansIllegal immigrants

NAFTACanada, U.S., Mexico

APECAsia Pacific Economic

Cooperation



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III. Western Europe

B. Great Britain

Conservatives (Tories)1945, Clement Atlee

Labour

1951-55, Churchill

1955-57, Anthony Eden

1957-63, Harold Macmillan

1964-75, Harold Wilson

1979-90, Margaret Thatcher

1997-, Tony Blair

C. France: Grandeur and Reality1944, de Gaulle

provisional president

1946, Fourth RepublicAlgeria

1958, De Gaullepresidentends war with Algeria

1968-74, Georges Pompidou

1974-81, Valery Giscard d'Estaing

1981-93, François Mitterand

1996, Jacques Chirac



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III. Western Europe

D. Germany: Recovery to Reunification

West Germany (GFR) to 1989Konrad Adenauer

leader of Christian Democrats1955, sovereignty

1969, Social DemocratsWill Brandt chancellor

Ostpolitik

1974, Helmut Schmidt

1982, Christian DemocratsHelmut Kohl

(D. Germany: Recovery to Reunification)

East Germany to 19891961, Berlin WallErich Honecker

Unification1989, Wall breached1990, East German

Electionspro-Western parties win> re-unification

1998, Gerhard Schroeder



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III. Western Europe

E. Italy: Political Instability, Economic Growth

1947, monarchy ended, new constitution

Christian DemocratsAlcide de Gasperi, 1947-53

Red Brigade1978, Also Moro kidnapped

Forza Italia coalitionSilvio Berlusconi

Romano Prodi, 1990's

F. Portugal1910, Republic

1910-30, 21 uprisings

1932 - Antonio de Oliveira Salazarretires, 1968

Mario SuaresSocialist coalition

G. Spain1955, joins U.N.

1956, Pact of MadridU.S. aid for military bases

1975, Franco diesPrince Juan Carlos succeeds

1982, joins NATO

ETA - Basque separatists

H. GreeceCivil War, 1946-49

communist defeat

Irredentas

1967, Dictatorship1974, Cyprus

1981, Common MarketAndreas Papandreou



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IV. Eastern Europe

COMECON, 1949

response to Marshall plan

A. Poland

Wladyslaw Gomulka, 1956-1970

Edward Gierek, 1970-1980

Solidarnós'c, 1980

Lech Walesa

1983, Nobel Peace Prize

1990, market economy

Solidarnós'c splits

Mazowiecki Tadeuszi

Prime Minister, 1990

Lech Walesa

President

1998, joins NATO

B. Czechoslovakia

Alexander Dubcek

1968, Soviets invade

1989, "Velvet Revolution"Vaclav Havel

1990, Havel president

1993, splitCzech Republic

HavelSlovak Republic

Vladimir Meciar



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IV. Eastern Europe

C. Hungary

1956, Revolution

Janos Kadar, 1912-1989

Imre Nagy executed

1989, Austrian barriers removed

Multiparty system

> Joszef Antall

D. Bulgaria

Todor Zhivkov

1989, uprisings

Zhivkov out

coup, Peter Mladenov

Zhelyu Zhelev elected president

2001, Simeon II president

E. Romania

Nicolae CeausescuSecuritate1989, arrested, executed

1996, Emil Constantinescu

F. Albania

Enver Hoxha (1908-85)tied to Soviets

1991, elections

Kosovars



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IV. Eastern Europe

G. Yugoslavia and afterJosip Broz Tito

liberation from Nazis1980, death

1991, ethnic divisionSlobodan Milosevic, Serb> Slovenia, Croatia,

Macedonia"ethnic cleansing"

1999, NATO bombing

2001, Milosevic tried in the Hague

Elections



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V. The Soviet Union and the Russian Republic

A. Soviet Postwar PoliciesStalin

1946, fourth five-year plan1953, dies

B. From Kruschchev to Chernenko

Nikita Sergeyevich Krushchev (1894-1971)

de-Stalinization1956, Twentieth Party Congress

Leonid Brezhnev (1964-82)appartchik

Yuri Andropov (1982-84)KGB head


C. Mikhail Gorbachev: Glasnost and Perestroika

1985, presidentglasnost (openness)perestroika (restructuring)Supreme Soviet replaced by

Congress of People's Deputies1991, attempted coup

Boris Yeltsin, Presidentend of Central Committeeend of USSR

> Commonwealth of Independent States



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D. Boris Yeltsin and the Russian Republic1993, standoffYeltsin re-electedOligarchs

young capitalistscontrol resources

1999, Vladimir PutinPrime MinisterYeltsin resigns

> Putin president

E. Vladimir Putin2000, confirmed as presidentUnited Russiamedia controlUkraine

Leonid Kuchma, presidentBelarusChechnyaTajikstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan,

Kazakhstan



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VI. Interdependence in a Changing World

A. The Global Economy

OPECOil embargo, 1970'sde-stabilizing

World recession, 1978-85World Trade Organization,

1993

B. Environmental Challenges

Chapter Outline Chapter 33: The United States and Europe Since 1945 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc....

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