Chapter Outline Chapter 11: The Americas to 1492 Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present I....
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Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present Chapter Outline Chapter 11: The Americas to 1492 I. Origins of Americans and Their Culture II. Emerging Civilizations in Mesoamerica III. Classical Mayan Civilization IV. The Post-Classical Era in Mesoamerica V. The Amerindians of North America
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Transcript of Chapter Outline Chapter 11: The Americas to 1492 Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present I....
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present
Chapter Outline
Chapter 11: The Americas to 1492
I. Origins of Americans and Their Culture
II. Emerging Civilizations in Mesoamerica
III. Classical Mayan Civilization
IV. The Post-Classical Era in Mesoamerica
V. The Amerindians of North America
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 11: The Americas to 1492
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I. Origins of Americans and Their CultureOrigins
from 20,000 years agoClovis points, c. 11,200 B.C.E.
Chile by 10,500 B.C.E.Caral, Peru
first city, c. 2600 B.C.E.
Maize Tehuacán valley of Mexico c. 5000
B.C.E.Mississippi Valley to Argentine
pampas,by 1000 B.C.E.
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 11: The Americas to 1492
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II. Emerging Civilizations in Mesoamerica
A. Formative Period (1500–150 C.E.)
Olmec civilizationc. 1200 B.C.E., Vera
Cruzpyramids
B. The Classical Period (150–900 C.E.)
Achievements:written communication complex time reckoninginterregional trade
Teotihuacán125–200,000
Monte Alban
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 11: The Americas to 1492
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III. Classical Mayan Civilization
A. Origins
B. CentersKaminaljuyuTikal, by 550 C.E.
C. Achievementscalendarwriting system
pictographs, glyphs
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 11: The Americas to 1492
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IV. The Post-Classical Era in Mesoamerica
A. The ToltecsCapital: TollanQuetzalcoatl - Teotihuacan godTezcatlipoca - Toltec war-godYucatán
Chichén ItzáMayapán
B. The Aztecsinto central Mexico by 1200Tenochtitlán (Mexico City)
Lake Texcoco, c. 1325tributary of Atzcapotzalco
Alliance with Tecoco, Tlacopán against Atzcapotzalco
Itzcoatl (1427–1440)
Montezuma I (1440–1468)
Montezuma II (1502–1520)Spanish invasion
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 11: The Americas to 1492
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IV. The Post-Classical Era in Mesoamerica
(B. The Aztecs)Social organization
Calpulli (clans) Pipiltin (nobles)Pochteca (merchants)
ReligionHuitzilopochtli (sun/war
god) Tlateloco (god of rain)Pyramids to both
Agriculturedams, canalschinampas (floating
gardens)
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
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IV. The Post-Classical Era in Mesoamerica
C. The Inca200 ethnolinguistic groupsc. 600, cities emerge
Kingdoms at Huari, Tiahuanaco
collapse, tenth century
Kingdom of Chimu
c. 1200, Cuzco valley settled
Viracocha (d. 1438)conquestPachacuti (1438-1471)Quechua, official language
Topa Upanqui (1471-1493)conquest of Chimu
Infrastructurecanal systemroads
Command economy
Societynoblesnobles of conquered
peoplescommon workersslaves
Emperorministers – Imperial
Council
Religionvast clergySun-god
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
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V. The Amerindians of North America
A. The Iroquois of the Northeast Woodlands
settled agriculture
B. The Adena and Hopewell Cultures, Ohio Valley
from 800 B.C.E.Sunflowers, squash, maizeMounds
C. The Mississippian Culture Cahokia, Illinois
wattle-and-daub houses900–1150
Decline, c. 1400
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
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V. The Amerindians of North America
A. The Iroquois of the Northeast Woodlands
settled agriculture
B. The Adena and Hopewell Cultures, Ohio Valley
from 800 B.C.E.Sunflowers, squash, maizeMounds
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
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V. The Amerindians of North America
C. The Mississippian Culture Cahokia, Illinois
wattle-and-daub houses900–1150
Decline, c. 1400
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V. The Amerindians of North America
D. The Southwest: Mogollon, Hohokam,
and Anasazi
Commonalitiesmaize, beans, squashadobe, masonrypottery
Mogollon , 300 B.C.E.–1340 C.E.
Hohokamcanals
Anasazi, 300–1300Cotton cloth
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
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V. The Amerindians of North America
E. The Navajo, the Apache, the Mandan
Navajo
Apache
Mandan
F. The Far North: Inuit and AleutAleuts
kayaks
Inuits (Eskimos)
