Chapter Outline Chapter 31: World War II: Origins and Consequences ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc....

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present

Chapter Outline

Chapter 31: World War II: Origins and Consequences

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I. The Troubled Calm: The West in the 1920'sII. The Epoch of the AggressorsIII. World War IIIV. Postwar Settlements

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins


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I. The Troubled Calm: The West in the 1920's

A. The League of Nations

B. The French Quest for Security1923 - Invasion of Ruhr1925 - Locarno Pact

Germany, Great Britain, France, ItalyRhine demilitarized

1928 - Kellogg-Briand Pact62 countriescontrol of war

C. Soviet and German CooperationTreaty of Brest-Litovsk

Comintern (Third Communist International)

Soviet Union - Foreign policyuse of Communist partiestraditional diplomacy

1922 - Rapallo PactGermans and Russians renounce

reparations1926, renewed for 5 years



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II. The Epoch of the Aggressors

A. Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931

Manchurian Incident, 1931

South Manchurian Railroad bombed

1932 - Japanese puppet state

League of Nations protests

1933 - encroachment

Chinese Response

Nanjing - Chinese Nationalist Government

Tanggu truce with Japan, 1933

Nationalists, Jiang Jieshi

focus on Communists

1936 - coup

Prince Konoe Fumimaro, Prime Minister

(A. Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931)

1937 - fighting between China and Japan

> war, 19381938 - "New Order in East Asia"

"Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere"

U.S. 1939 - ends commercial treaty

with Japan

1940 - Tripartite ActJapan, Germany, Italyagainst U.S.

1941- Neutrality Pact with Soviets



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II. The Epoch of the Aggressors

B. Italy Attacks Ethiopia

1934 - Fighting

1935 - Invasion

> League of Nations sanctions

1936 - Sanctions lifted

Haile Selassie to Britain

C. The Spanish Tragedy

Spanish Republic

1936 - disintegrating

General Francisco Franco (1892-1975)

Italian support

Republic

Soviet support

1939 - Barcelona falls

end of Republic



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II. The Epoch of the AggressorsD. Germany

1936 - Rhineland reoccupiedno response

1936 - anti-Comintern Pactwith Japan

Anschluss1936 - pressure on Austria1938 - union declared

SudentanlandCzechoslovakiaChamberlain concedes

Poland1939, Hitler warns against

invasion> German-Soviet non-

aggression pact



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II. The Epoch of the AggressorsE. Responses

Chamberlain and AppeasementNeville Chamberlain (1869-

1940)1937, Prime Minister

Munich Conference, September, 1938

Chamberlain, Mussolini, Daladier, Hitler

accepts Hitler's demands

1939 - Hitler takes CzecholovakiaBritain and France arm



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III. World War II

A. A New Way of War

Blitzkrieg (lightening war)

Mobility

Innovations

radar

airplanesparatroopers

landing craft

flying bombs

amphibious forces

B. Blitzkrieg and Sitzkrieg

September 1, 1939 - Nazis into Poland

September 5, Britain and France declare war

1939-40, Sitzkrieg

"phony war"



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III. World War II

C. "Blood, Toil, Tears, and Sweat"

1940 - Norway and Denmark defeated

Dunkirk

Allies retreat

Chamberlain resigns

> Winston Churchill (1874-1965)

June 14, Paris falls

> Marshall Philippe Pétain (1856-1951)

premier

June 22, peace

> Vichy France

Charles de Gaulle (1890-1970)

Free French Government

1940-1 - Air raids on Britain



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III. World War II

D. Mastery of Europeby March, 1941

Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania join Axis

Mussoliniinvades Greece, 1940defeated1941, Hitler assists

Yugoslavia, Greece defeated

E. War with the Soviet UnionOperation Barbarossa

June, 1941failure

Spring, 1942Red Army advancing



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III. World War IIF. The U.S. Enters the War 1941- Lend-Lease Act

$11 billion to Soviet Union

1941 - Atlantic CharterRoosevelt and

Churchill

OctoberKonoe resignsTojo Hideki (1884-

1948)prime minister

Dec. 7, Pearl Harbor



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III. World War IIG. The Apogee of the Axis

1942 - Japan expands in PacificHong Kong, Singapore, Malaya, Burma,

VietnamAmerican victories: Coral Sea, Midway,

GuadalcanalNovember -El Alamein - British/American

victory1943 - Axis defeat in North Africa

September, Armistice with Italy

The Russian Turning PointSiege of Stalingrad

Sept., 1942-Feb., 19431944, Germans pushed out

Axis CollapseJune 6, 1944 - D-Day

NormandyYalta Conference, Feb., 1945

Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchillfour occupation zonesUnited Nations

May 8, 1945 - V-E Day



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III. World War II

H. The HolocaustConcentration campsHeinrich Himmler

Reinhard Heydrich"Final Solution"

3 million killed at Auschwitz

I. The Atomic BombPotsdam Declaration

Truman and Clement Atleeunconditional surrender

> Hiroshima, Nagasaki, 1945



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IV. Postwar Settlements

A. Costs55 million deadJapanese - 1.7 million soldiers

1 million civiliansAllied Occupation

Soviet Union25 million dead

B. ReprisalsCollaborators sentenced

C. Occupationfour zones:

British, French, American, Soviet

Chapter Outline Chapter 31: World War II: Origins and Consequences ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc....

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