Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present

Chapter Outline

Chapter 17: Europe and the New World Economy, 1400–1650

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I. Capitalism

II. Absolutism: Louis XIV

III. The Gravitational Pull of French

Absolutism

IV. Holland and England

V. Breaking the Bank: Diplomacy and War,

1650–1774

VI. Louis XV and the Decline of Absolutism,

1715–1774

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 17: Europe and the New World Economy, 1400–1650

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I. Capitalism

A. Expanding Capitalism

BanksFuggers, AugsburgBank of Amsterdam, 1609Bank of England, 1694

Joint-stock Companies

East India Companies(English, Dutch, French)Austria, Prussia

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 17: Europe and the New World Economy, 1400–1650

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I. Capitalism

B. Free Enterprise

Capitalistic agricultureJethro Tull (1674–1741)

Charles Townshend (1674–1738)

Robert Bakewell (1725–95)Arthur Young (1741–1820)

Enclosure Act1750–1800 — 40–50,000

small farms lost

Domestic Systemfrom 1500

Lloyds of London, 1688

Stock ExchangesLondon, 1698Bourse, Paris, 1724

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 17: Europe and the New World Economy, 1400–1650

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I. Capitalism

C. Social Crises

Privileged ClassesFirst and Second Estates,

Franceless than 2%

Peasants, 80%French Third Estate

diverse

D. Protests, Riots, Rebellions1700s— 73 peasant rebellionsRussia, Pugachev revolt,

1773–75

1650 1700 1800

Europe 118 185

England 5 9

France 21 28

Russia 17 36

Italy 11 19

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 17: Europe and the New World Economy, 1400–1650

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II. Absolutism: Louis XIV

A. Foundations of AbsolutismJacques BossuetThomas Hobbes (1588–1679)

LeviathanLouis XIII

Marie de’ MediciLouis XIV (1643–1715)

Cardinal Richelieu (1585–1642)Cardinal Mazarin (1602–1661)

The Fronde (1649–1653)

B. The Mechanics of French Absolutism

VersaillesMercantilism

Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619–83)Bullionism

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 17: Europe and the New World Economy, 1400–1650

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III. The Gravitational Pull of French Absolutism

A. The Germanic Satellites300 + Sovereign states

B. ScandinaviaFrederick III (1648–70), DenmarkCharles XI (1660–97), Sweden

C. IberiaWeak monarchies

Alfonso VI (1656–68), PortugalCharles II (1665–1700, Spain

PortugalPedro II (1683–1706)John V (1706–50)

SpainPhilip V (1700–46)

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

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III. The Gravitational Pull of French Absolutism

D. HabsburgsLeopold I (1657–1705)Maria Theresa (1740–80)

Count Haugwitz, Minister

E. Poland: The Last Medieval State

F. PrussiaHohenzollernsFrederick William (1640–88)Frederick I (1688–1713)Frederick William I (1713–40)

General Directorycivil servicesupreme courtnobles taxed

Frederick II (1740–86)

G. Russian Autocracy Peter I (1682–1725)

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 17: Europe and the New World Economy, 1400–1650

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G. Russian Autocracy Peter I (1682–1725)

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

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IV. Holland and England

A. The Dutch ExperimentJohn Oldenbarnveldt (1547–1619)

B. The English Debate (1603–88)James I (1603–25)

1628— Petition of Right1629–40 — no Parliament1640 — “Short Parliament”

“Long Parliament” — 20 years

C. Civil WarParliament v. RoyalistsOliver Cromwell (1599–1658)1646 — Charles king

1648— executedLevellers — outlawed“Rump Parliament”Cromwell, Lord ProtectorInstitute of Government, 1653

D. Restoration and the “Glorious Revolution”

Charles II (1660–85)James II (1685–88), Catholiccrown to Mary Stuart, William of

Orange= “Glorious Revolution”Bill of Rights

E. Whigs and ToriesHanoverians

George I (1714–27)George II (1727–60)

Robert WalpoleFirst Prime Minister

George III (1760–1820)Tories (conservatives)George Grenville (1712–70)

minister

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

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V. Breaking the Bank: Diplomacy and War,

1650–1774

A. Westphalia to Utrecht: The Dominance

of France

Great Northern War (1709–21)Russia v. Sweden

War of the Spanish Succession (1701–13)

Role of WomenSarah ChurchillMary of ModenaMadame de MaintenonPrincess des Ursins

Treaty of Utrecht (1713)Philip V, King of Spain

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

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V. Breaking the Bank: Diplomacy and War

B. From Utrecht to Paris: An Unstable Balance

1739—1748— “War of Jenkins’s Ear”

Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748

1756–1763— Seven Years’ WarPeace of Paris, 1763

France loses North American lands

C. Economic Challenges

Mercantilismsmugglers

often 50%+ of imports

Crisis of Public FinanceBritain, state debt 13 m pounds

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

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VI. Louis XV and the Decline of Absolutism,

1715–1774

Louis XV (1715–74)Cardinal Fleur, ministerMadame de Pompadour

Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson

Debtinterest: 50%+ of income