http://youtube.com/watch?v=OTibQ_lzH3u

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkDMaJ-wZmQ&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkDMaJ-wZmQ&feature=related

Weight: three pounds Design: most complex matter in the universe.

Functions: through a combination of numerous processes and systems working together seamlessly.

1. How is information coded in neural activity? 2. How are memories stored and retrieved? 3. What does the baseline activity in the brain represent? 4. How do brains simulate the future? 5. What are emotions? 6. What is intelligence? 7. How is time represented in the brain? 8. Why do brains sleep and dream? 9. How do the specialized systems of the brain integrate with one another?

10. What is consciousness?

David Eagleman, DISCOVER Magazinehttp://discovermagazine.com/2007/aug/unsolved-brain-mysteries/article_view?b_start:int=2&-C=

We never forget!We never forget!

Do you believe that?

MEMORY: storageMEMORY: storage

Automated tape robot: 1 Terabyte of memory

How much data is that?

• Bytes (8 bits) 0.1 bytes: A single yes/no decision;1 byte: One character

• Kilobyte      1,024 bytes; 210; Joke; (very) short story

• Megabyte      1,048,576 bytes; 220; Small novel

• Gigabyte      1,073,741,824 bytes; 230; Paper in the bed of a pickup;

symphony in hi-fi sound; broadcast quality movie

• Terabyte      1,099,511,627,776 or 240; Automated tape robot;

all the X-ray films in a large technological hospital; 50,000 trees made into paper & printed

• Petabyte      1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes or 250

 • Exabyte

     1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes or 260; 5 Exabytes: All words ever spoken by human beings.

• Zettabyte      1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 bytes or 270

  • Yottabyte

     1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 bytes or 280

         

Journal of Evolution and Technology. 1998. Vol. 1 (Received Dec. 1997) Hans Moravec , Robotics Institute ,Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USAweb: http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm   “The processing power and memory capacity necessary for AI machines to match general intellectual performance of the human brain is .. predicted to be available in cheap machines in the 2020s.

"Robert Birge (Syracuse University) who studies the storage of data in proteins, estimated in 1996 that the capacity of the human brain was between one and ten terabytes, with a most likely value of 3 terabytes. Such estimates are generally based on counting neurons and assuming each neuron holds 1 bit. Current estimates of brain capacity range from 1 to 1000 terabytes! Also, the brain has better algorithms for compressing certain types of information than computers do." http://www.sizes.com/people/brain.htm

When will computer hardware match the human brain?

• Storing information properly:

• Without rehearsal or use, information is forgotten.

• The brain’s information retrieval system:associati

on,

, rehearsal & repetition mnemonic devices - “every good boy does

fine?

Understanding Memory

Memory Exercise Memory Exercise

Organization helps you

maximize recall of information.

TIONINRSHPLEOEMUOLLECRAMAZIIXFOONZRGIAINTAOYAMF

Take a sheet of paper and write down those letters in the order they appeared.Take a sheet of paper and write down those letters in the order they appeared.

1. Sensory memory: gathered from 5 senses

2. Short-term (working) memory: limited to 5 – 9 separate facts

3. Long-term memory: you can store & retrieve anything.

3 Types of Memory

The true art of memory is the art of attention.

Samuel Johnson

Get OrganizedGet Organized

1. Get motivated2. Reduce interference3. Be selective4. Intend to remember

• Understand thoroughly what is to be remembered and memorized.

• Determine what is to be memorized verbatim. (repeat/review/rehearse)

• Create an interest in the material.

• Study first the items you want to remember longest.

• Over learn to make certain.

• Analyze material and strive to intensify the impressions the material makes.

• There is no subject that is inherently boring.

• Make your own applications, examples, and illustrations.

• Reduce the material to be remembered to your own self-made system or series of numbered steps.

• Represent the idea graphically. • Form a variety of associations. • Teach it to someone else. • Write out examination questions. • Follow suggestions for reviewing.

5. Learn from the general to the specific

TOPIC

1 2 3

b

a b

b

a a

Get ActiveGet Active

1. Move around in your environment

2. Use graphics:

• Draw

• Visualize

3. Use flash cards

4. Read, write, recite, review

5. ARC tutoring

TOPIC

A B

C

Use graphic organizers:http://www.graphic.org/concept.html

Which was the worst war in history?

 CasualtiesDamage to

Places

Long Term Damage to

Society

 Vietnam

   

 World War I

   

 World War II

   

Cluster Diagram

Venn Diagram

Double Cell Diagram

Matrix

A B

C

TOPIC

A B

C

TOPIC

A B

C

“Add immense leverage to what you do by doing it again and again. Give great strength to your actions by persistently repeating them.”

Ralph Marston

SQ3R Cornell System Note-

taking

MNEMONICS COOP LEARNING

Surveying Textbooks

LectureNotes

Lecture or Textbook

Notes

Studying WithGroups

SURVEY RECORD JINGLES QUESTIONING

QUESTION REVIEW SENTENCES COMPARING

READ REDUCE ACRONYMNS

DRILLING

RECITE ASK QUESTIONS

STORY LINES

BRAINSTORM

REVIEW REVIEW SHARING

Enhancing Memory Through Comprehension

Enhancing Memory Through Comprehension

Using Mnemonic Devices(neh-mon-ick)

Using Mnemonic Devices(neh-mon-ick)

1. ACRONYMS:

• SCUBA:

• NATO:

• LASER:

self-contained underwater breathing apparatus

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

• RSVP:

"repondez s'il vous plait“, FR

2. Mediation:

A type of mnemonic device in which you form associations linking two items with a third:

Peso “pay-so” One pays with money

Mnemonics (contd.)Mnemonics (contd.)

Mnemonics (contd.)Mnemonics (contd.)

3. Forming unusual exaggerated associations:

Flashbulb memories (where were you when…?)

• Stimulates the senses

• Releases stress

• Improves sleep

• Enhances digestion

• Maintains strength

•All of the above positively impact memory.

The Benefits of Exercise

The Benefits of Exercise

• Some evidence suggests that exercise is particularly effective for short-term memory.

• 20-minute daily walks may improve memory performance.

The Benefits of Exercise: contd.

The Benefits of Exercise

The Benefits of Exercise

Pace YourselfPace Yourself

1. Distribute learning

2. Over-learn

3. Use daylight

4. Got attitude?

5. Combine memory techniques

6. Avoid short-term memory lapse

7. Review

Recognize self-defeating problems: fear and anxiety difficulty concentrating poor time management indecisiveness and perfectionism

Identify your own goals: strengths and weaknesses, values and priorities

Are your actions consistent with your values?

Set realistic goals

ProcrastinationProcrastination

Getting Motivated:Getting Motivated:

• Nurture and develop enthusiasm and motivating self-talk

• Set clear and achievable goals

• Use strategies that support your learning efforts

• Be Proactive and not Re-active. They make things happen!

• Get positive!

• Decide that you and your future are worth making the investment NOW!

• Realize that every hour wasted today will significantly decrease your career success and earning potential later.

Manage time wisely Set priorities. Study in small blocks. Reward yourself.

Modify your environment Eliminate or minimize noise/ distraction. Ensure adequate lighting. Have necessary equipment at hand. Don't get too comfortable when studying. A desk and straight-backed chair is usually. Be neat! Take a few minutes to straighten your desk. Motivate yourself to study Expect success Try to study in small groups. Break large assignments into small tasks. Keep a reminder schedule and checklist.

Use It or Lose It!Use It or Lose It!

REVIEW, REVIEW, REVIEW, REVIEW

TUTORING

SUPPLEMENTAL INSTRUCTION (SI)

LEARNING SKILLS ASSESSMENT

LEARNING STYLES ASSESSMENT

LEARNING SEMINARS

ACADEMIC COUNSELING

TIME MANAGEMENT

JOB APPLICATIONS