Anatomia Ingles

8/2/2019 Anatomia Ingles

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Brain

The brain have five lobes: frontal lobe, parietal

lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe

The cerebral hemispheres form the largest

part of the human brain and are situated

above most other brain structures.


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Underneath the cerebrum lies the brainstem,

resembling a stalk on which the cerebrum is

attached.

At the rear of the brain, beneath the cerebrum

and behind the brainstem, is the cerebellum


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Cranial nerve

1. Olfatory

2. Optic

3. Occulomotor

4. Trochlear

5. Trigeminal6. Abducens

7. Facial

8. Vestibulocochlear

9. Glossopharyngeal

10. Vagus11. Accsessory

12. Hypoglossal


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Ears

Our ears have three different sections that

work together to collect sounds and relay

them to the brain:

Outer Ear

The part of the ear that is visible is called

pinna, this includes earlobe. It's made of

tough cartilage covered by skin.


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The ear canal, the hollow passage that leads

to your eardrum, is also part of the outer ear.

Glands in the skin lining your ear canal

produce earwax.


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Middle ear

The middle ear is an air-filled cavity about the

size of a pea. Is separated from the outer ear

by tympanic membrane. This thin, cone-

shaped piece of tissue stretches tight across

the ear canal.


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The reason your ears are able to adjust and

maintain equal pressure is because the

Eustachian tube. This tube connects your

middle ear to the back of your nose and acts

as a sort of pressure valve, opening to keep

the pressure equalized on both sides of the

eardrum.


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It's in the middle ear that you'll find the three smallestbones in the body. Located just past the eardrum,they're collectively known as the ossicles:

the malleus (Latin for "hammer"), which is attached tothe eardrum

the incus ("anvil"), which is attached to the malleus

the stapes ("stirrup"), which is attached to the incusand is the smallest bone in the body


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Inner ear

The inner ear consists of tiny organs called the

cochlea and the semicircular canals.

The semicircular canals look like three tiny,

interconnected tubes sticking out in loops

from the top of the cochlea. The canals are

filled with fluid and lined with tiny hairs.


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Eyes

The eyeball is about the size and shape of a

ping-pong ball.

The eyeball sits in the orbit in skull, where it is

surrounded by bone. The visible part of the

eye is protected by the eyelids and the

eyelashes, which keep dirt, dust, and even

harmful bright light out of the eye.


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Our eyes are also protected by our tears,

which moisten the eyes and clean out dirt,

dust, and other irritants that get past the

defenses of our eyelashes and eyelids.


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Every time we blink, our eyelids spread a layer

of moisture over the cornea, which covers the

front of the eye. The lacrimal glands in the

upper outer corner of each eye socket

produce tears.


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After they've done their job moistening the

eyes, the tears flow into canals in the eyelids,

which drain into the lacrimal sac, a pouch in

the lower inner corner of each eye socket.

Tears then exit through a passage that leads to

the nose.


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Six muscles, called extraocular muscles,surround the eyeball in the skull. These

muscles act like the strings on a puppet,

moving the eye in different directions.


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The wall of a person's eyeball is made up of three

layers:

The sclera is the outermost protective layer. This

tough, fibrous tissue surrounds the eyeball and

attaches to the cornea. The conjunctiva a clear

mucous membrane that protects the eye frombecoming dry, sits over the sclera and also covers

the inner surface of the eyelid.


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The choroid is the middle layer that contains

blood vessels that deliver oxygen and

nutrients to the inside parts of the eye.


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The retina, the innermost of the three layers,

lines the inside of the eyeball. The retina is a

soft, light-sensitive layer of nervous system

tissue.


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The space in the center of the eyeball is filled

with a clear jelly-like material called the

vitreous humor.


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Mouth

The mouth is lined with mucous membranes.

Just as skin lines and protects the outside of

the body, mucous membranes line and protect

the inside.


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A bundle of muscles extends from the floor of

the mouth to form the tongue. The upper

surface of the tongue is covered with tiny

projections called papillae. Our taste buds arelocated here. The four main types of taste

buds: sweet, salty, sour, and bitter.


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Three pairs of salivary glands in the walls and

floor of the mouth secrete saliva.


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The lips are covered with skin on the outside

and with slippery mucous membranes on the

inside of the mouth. The major lip muscle,

called the orbicularis oris , allows for the lipsmobility.


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Pharynx

The pharynx is the part of the throat situated

immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal

cavity, and superior to the esophagus and

larynx.


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The pharynx is conventionally divided into

three sections:T

Nasopharynx (epipharynx)

Oropharynx (mesopharynx)

laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)


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The pharynx is part of the digestive system

and also the respiratory system; it is also

important in vocalization.


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Larynx

The larynx, commonly called the voice box, is

an organ in the neck involved in breathing,

sound production, and protecting the trachea

against food aspiration. The larynx houses thevocal folds, which are essential for phonation.


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The laryngeal skeleton consists of nine

cartilages:

Three single (epiglottic, thyroid and cricoid)

Three paired (arytenoid, corniculate, and

cuneiform)


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Anatomia Ingles

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