1B 2 1 Types Fire Pumps

8/13/2019 1B 2 1 Types Fire Pumps

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September 2003 Slide 2-1-1

Types of Fire PumpsTypes of Fire Pumps


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Types of Fire PumpsTypes of Fire Pumps

Positive displacementPositive displacement

CentrifugalCentrifugal


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Positive DisplacementPositive Displacement

PumpPump


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Centrifugal PumpsCentrifugal Pumps


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Positive DisplacementPositive Displacement

PumpsPumps Can pump airCan pump air

Has a small amount of slippageHas a small amount of slippageAbility of water to pass through the innerAbility of water to pass through the inner

workings of the pump, not allowingworkings of the pump, not allowing100% discharge100% discharge

Has a fixed displacement of waterHas a fixed displacement of water


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Piston Pump

Rotary Gear

Rotary Vane


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Types of Piston PumpsTypes of Piston Pumps

Single actionSingle action

Pumps in a forward stroke onlyPumps in a forward stroke only

Double actionDouble action

Pumps in both forward and reverse strokesPumps in both forward and reverse strokes

ExamplesExamples

Backpack pumpBackpack pump

Foam injection pumpFoam injection pump WellsWells

Bicycle pumpBicycle pump


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Piston PumpsPiston Pumps

Discharge

Intake

Floating Valves

Piston

Cylinder


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Types of Rotary PumpsTypes of Rotary Pumps

Commonly used in the fire serviceCommonly used in the fire service

as a primer pumpas a primer pump Rotary gearRotary gear

Two gears that rotate in a tightlyTwo gears that rotate in a tightlymeshed pattern forming pocketsmeshed pattern forming pockets

As each gear tooth reaches theAs each gear tooth reaches the

discharge chamber, the air or waterdischarge chamber, the air or water

contained in that pocket is forced out ofcontained in that pocket is forced out of

the pumpthe pump


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Intake

Discharge


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Types of Rotary PumpsTypes of Rotary Pumps

Rotary vaneRotary vane

Movable vanes that automaticallyMovable vanes that automaticallycompensate for wear and maintain acompensate for wear and maintain a

tighter fittighter fit

Vanes are forced against the outerVanes are forced against the outerhousing by centrifugal forcehousing by centrifugal force


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Vanes

Discharge

Rotor

Drive

shaft

Intake


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Can not pump airCan not pump air

Capable of 100% slippageCapable of 100% slippage

The main fire pump used on modern fireThe main fire pump used on modern fireapparatusapparatus

Classified as a nonpositiveClassified as a nonpositivedisplacement pumpdisplacement pump

Imparts velocity on water and converts itImparts velocity on water and converts itto pressureto pressure

Single or multiple stageSingle or multiple stage


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Casing

Intake

Impeller

Volute CavityEye

DischargeHub

Shroud

Vanes

Shaft


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Impeller

Hub

Vane

s

Shrou

d


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Pump Wear RingsPump Wear Rings

Between the pumpBetween the pumpcasing and the hubcasing and the hub

Seal is between theSeal is between thelower pressure oflower pressure ofthe intake side andthe intake side and

the higher pressurethe higher pressurein the volutein the volute

Dirt/sediment canDirt/sediment can

damage ringdamage ringresulting inresulting indecreased pumpdecreased pump

effectivenesseffectiveness


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Pump PackingPump Packing

Located around the pump shaft,Located around the pump shaft,within the stuffing boxwithin the stuffing box

Lubricates and seals pump shaftLubricates and seals pump shaft

Too looseToo looseCan result in drafting difficulties andCan result in drafting difficulties and

pump efficiencypump efficiency

Too tightToo tightCan result in damaging the pump shaftCan result in damaging the pump shaft

due to overheatingdue to overheating


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Principles Of OperationPrinciples Of Operation

Centrifugal forceCentrifugal force

Based on the principle that aBased on the principle that arapidly revolving impeller hurls therapidly revolving impeller hurls the

water from the impeller eyewater from the impeller eyeoutwardoutward

The faster the impeller is turned,The faster the impeller is turned,the farther the water is thrownthe farther the water is thrown

Increasing the velocityIncreasing the velocity


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Principles Of OperationPrinciples Of Operation


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Influencing FactorsInfluencing Factors

Amount of water being dischargedAmount of water being discharged

Speed at which the impeller isSpeed at which the impeller isturningturning

Doubling the speed results in four timesDoubling the speed results in four timesthe pressurethe pressure

Pressure of water when it entersPressure of water when it enters

the pump from a pressurizedthe pump from a pressurized

sourcesource


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Pressure (Series) SettingPressure (Series) Setting


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Intake

Clapper Valve

Transfer Valve2nd Stage1st Stage

500 GPM @150psi + 150psi

500 GPM @ 300 psi

Pressure (Series) SettingPressure (Series) Setting


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Parallel (Volume) SettingParallel (Volume) Setting


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Intake

Transfer Valve

Clapper Valve

1st Stage 2nd Stage

500 GPM @150psi 500 GPM @150psi

1000 GPM @ 150 psi

Volume (Parallel) SettingVolume (Parallel) Setting

1B 2 1 Types Fire Pumps

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