Post on 26-Jul-2020
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WATER SAFETY IN TURKEY
EMEL TÜFEKÇİ
İSKİ WATER TREATMENT İSKİ WATER TREATMENT DEPARTMENT DIRECTOR PARTMENT DIRECTO
OF KAĞITHANE OF KAĞITHANE TREATMENT BRANCHATMENT BRA
11.09.2018
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
WATER ORGANIZATION in TURKEY
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT İSKİ
HISTORY OF WATER IN İSTANBUL
WATER SUPPLY
PREPAREDNESS TO PHYSICAL AND CYBER SAFETY
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PRESIDENCY OF REPUBLIC OF
TURKEY
REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY
GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF
WATER MANAGEMENT
REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY
OF ENVIRENMENTAL AND URBANISATION
GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF
LOCAL ADMINISTRATION
İSTANBUL METROPOLITAN
MUNICIPALTY
İSTANBUL WATER AND SEWERAGE ADMINISTRATION
(İSKİ)
REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY
OF HEALTH
İSTANBUL HEALTH DEPARTMENT
WATER ORGANIZATION in TURKEY
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Duties and authorities of General Directorate of Water Management;
Ensuring the supply of adequate quantity and appropriate quality of drinking water for every stage from basin to final consumer and the criteria, procedures and principles to be followed.
Determination of Special Provisions in Drinking Water Supply and Basin
Standards for raw water quality for treatment plants is determined and classified for each water quality class, treatment methods and treatment facilities design norms and standards
Drinking water for efficient use and efficiency for the control of water losses in water distribution networks and principles
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DSI, MoEU and Metropolitan Municipalities Water and Sewerage Administrations by; drinking water Master Plan preparation works are carried out.
Water use in DSİ's plans, current and future water needs and resources adequacy, for alternative sources technical, economic and environmental feasibility for planning
Ensure the safety of drinking water as focusing on point received
Drinking water for the supply of drinking water studies to determine whether the standards factors affecting water quality in the system limited to the major problems encountered.
Preparing regulation on the above titles for securing adequate water supplying
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Strategy Plans
Basin Protection Action Plans
Water Quality Action Plans
Sensitive Area Project Basin Action Plans
Basin Protection Action Plans Measure Strategy Booklets
Sectoral Water Allocation Plans
National Drought Management Strategy Paper and Action Plan
Drinking Water Protection Plans
Strategy and Roadmap Action Plan on Modeling
National Basin Management Strategy
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GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT İSKİİstanbul Metropolitan Municipality
İstanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (İSKİ)
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Foundation of İSKİ
The first water administration in İstanbul was established in 1869. Water and sewerageservices in İstanbul were combined under İSKİ (İstanbul Water and Sewerage Administration)in 1981.
İSKİ is a subsidy of İstanbul Metropolitan Municipality, and has its own budget Almost thewhole budget income is received from water sales. Its service area covers the whole territorywithin Istanbul’s borders.
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Duties of İSKİ
To provide water
To collect, treat and discharge wastewater
To protect water resources
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Key Figures on Istanbul
Population served : 15.029 millionTotal Service Area of İSKİ : 9.271 km2
Total number of customers : 6.3 millionTotal length of water networks : 18.822 kmTotal length of the Transmission Line : 2.527 kmTotal length of sewers : 15.730 kmTotal length of the Collectors : 1.113 kmTotal Length of Tunnels : 201 kmTotal length of rainwater networks : 3.999 kmAnnual yield of water resources : 1 billion 653 million m3/yearAverage daily water supply : 2.8 million m3/dayVolume of Water Storage Tanks : 1.632.580 m3
Budget (2018) : 7.436.446.000 TL / 1,536,455,785 $Investment (2018) : 3.210.999.000 TL / 663,429,545 $
Total length of water lines: 21.349 kmTotal length of waste water lines: 21.043 km
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Hierarchical Structure at an Operational Level
General Assembly(Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Council)
Director General
Deputy Directors General
Heads of Departments
Directors
Chiefs
Officers-Workers
Board of Management
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İSKİ Staff
Total6.336
Worker3.773
Officer
2.563
Total number of staff including personnel of subcontractors :
12.147
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Istanbul is one of the world’s most ancient cities. Founded on theBosphorus linking Asia to Europe, it is also Turkey’s largest city in terms ofhistory, trade and culture and for centuries served as the capital of theByzantine and Ottoman Empires.
History of Water in Istanbul
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Throughout history Istanbul has been a magnet, a city of strategic importance wherea water problem has always existed.
The transmission lines, cisterns, reservoirs, aqueducts, historic dams and fountainsbuilt at various times to ensure a water supply for the city formed an impressive watercivilization.
History of Water in Istanbul
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During the Roman period, water demand of İstanbul was supplied from wells, small springsand cisterns.
In order to meet increasing water demands of the city, Emperor Valens brought water fromHalkalı to Beyazıt through transmission lines.
The Roman Period
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Aspor (Çukurbostan) Cistern
Armies besieging Istanbul to conquer the city used to block water coming to andflowing outside the city walls to break Byzantine resistance and to destroy water ways.
In order to store water as a precaution as a result of these besieges, over 70 coveredand open cisterns were constructed during the Byzantine period.
The Byzantine Period
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Upon the conquest of Istanbul by Fatih the Conqueror, he commanded therestoration and expansion of old water ways which were out of use due to neglect,earthquakes and destruction of the invaders and new water ways were constructed.
Water Ways Constructed and Developed during the Ottoman Period
Halkalı Water WaysKırkçeşme Water WaysÜsküdar Water WaysTaksim Water WaysHamidiye Water Ways
The Ottoman Period
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Potable Water Supply
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Years(Yıllar)
Populationmillion(Nüfus)(milyon)
Total Annual Water Demand
million m3/year(Yıllık Su İhtiyacı)(milyon m3/yıl)
Total Daily Water Demand
million m3/day(Günlük Su İhtiyacı)
(milyon m3/gün)
1990 6,6 426 1,2
1995 8,4 525 1,4
2000 10,3 615 1,7
2007 12,6 714 1,9
2010 13,3 778 2,1
2017 15,029 1.000 2,8
2020 17,7 1.163 3,2
2030 20,9 1.449 4,0
2040 23,6 1.723 4,7
Water Demand
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Almost 100 % of potable water in Istanbul is provided from surface waters.
The area of water resources range from the Bulgarian border in the west toDüzce in the east.
68% of water resources are on the Asian side with 39% of population while 32%exist on the European side with 61% of the population.
Wat
er
% 39
% 68
Popu
latio
n
Wat
er
% 61% 32 BLACK SEA
DÜZCE
BULGARIAN BORDER
Existing Water Resources of İstanbul
MARMARA SEA
WEST
EAST
Nüf
us
Popu
latio
nN
üfus
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Name of the Plant Tesisin Adı
Put into OperationHizmete Giriş Yılı
Yield / Verim
(million m3/year)
Aqueducts 1620-1839 2,5Elmalı I & II Dams 1893 – 1950 15
Terkos Dam 1883 142
Alibeyköy Dam 1972 36
Ömerli Dam 1972 220
Darlık Dam 1989 97
Büyükçekmece Dam 1989 100
Yeşilvadi Weir 1992 5
Istrancalar (Düzdere, Kuzuludere, Büyükdere, Sultanbahçedere,Elmalıdere) 1995-1997 75,2
Wells 1996-2007 25,7
Kazandere Dam 1997 100
Sazlıdere Dam 1998 55
Pabuçdere Dam 2000 60
Yeşilçay Weir 2004 145
Melen I 2007 268
Melen II 2014 307
Total 1,653.4
Existing Water Resources
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Ömerli Dam
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Terkos Lake
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Name of the PlantTesisin Adı
Year CommissionedHizmete Giriş Yılı
ExplanationAçıklama
Capacity(m3 /day)
Kapasite (m3/gün)
Ömerli
Orhaniye1972 Existing (Mevcut) 300,000
1995 Capacity increased (Kapasite Artırımı) 200,000
Muradiye 1995 New (Yeni Tesis) 320,000
Osmaniye 1997 Renewing (Yenileme) 220,000
Emirli (Yavuz Sultan Selim) 2001 New (Yeni Tesis) 500,000
Ömerli Total 1.540,000
Kağıthane
Çelebi Mehmet 1972 Existing (Mevcut) 378,000
Yıldırım Beyazid1996 Renewing( Yenileme) 280,000
1996 Capacity increased (Kapasite Artırımı) 70,000
Kağıthane Total 728,000
B.Çekmece Büyükçekmece 1989 Existing (Mevcut) 400,000
Elmalı Elmalı 1994 Renewing (Yenileme) 50,000
İkitelliFatih Sultan Mehmet 1998 New (Yeni Tesis) 420,000
II.Beyazid 2003 New (Yeni Tesis) 420,000
İkitelli Total 840,000
Taşoluk Potable Water Treatment Plant 2006 New (Yeni Tesis) 50,000Cumhuriyet Potable Water Treatment Plant 2012 New (Yeni Tesis) 720,000Other (Ağva, Bıçkıdere, Danamandra, Hacıosman, Yalıköy, Şile Esenceli, Şile) 67,860
TOTAL 4,395.860
Drinking Water Treatment Plants
İSKİ provides service by 19 potable water treatment plants
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Locations of Potable Water Treatment Plants
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Potable Water Supplied to City in Years (million m3)
692 709 698 732 714 718 724778 824 873 909 924 965 999 1021
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
mill
ion
m3 /y
ear
1 billion 21 million m³ potable water is supplied to Istanbul city in 2017
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Cumhuriyet Potable Water Treatment PlantCumhuriyet İçme Suyu Arıtma TesisiCumhuriyet Potable Water Treatment Plant
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Existing Transmission Lines
In order to provide regular and abundant water Melen-Kağıthane
Terkos – Kağıthane, Terkos – İkitelli, Ömerli – Çamlıca, Çamlıca - SalacakPendik – Küçükyalı, Maltepe – Adalar, Çatalca – Mimarsinan, Alibeyköy – Kağıthaneetc. transmission lines of Ø3000 mm were constructed
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The length of the main transmission lines whose diameter extend from 400 mm to 4000 mm is 2.527 km
Transmission Lines
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İSKİ SCADA System
Thanks to the modern SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) System with latest technologies;
Rise level in dams during rainfall can be measured,Failures in the system can be tracked and addressed with immediate response,Water level, pressure and flow in dams, treatment plants, main transmission lines, pumping stations
and storage tanks can be instantly monitored, evaluated and addressed. Information such as meteorological data and water quality can be instantly monitored.
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100-150 samples of water from various parts of Istanbul are taken every day and chemical and bacteriological tests are made.
By making water treatment plants and renewing distribution network drinking water has come up to a standard above World Health Organization (WHO), European Union (EU), USA Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Turkish Standards Institution (TSE).
Water Quality
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PARAMETERS
STANDARDS İSKİ POTABLE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS
TSE 2662005
World HealthOrganization
(WHO)2011
USA Env.r Prot. Agency(EPA)2008
EuropeanCouncil
(EC)1998
B.Çekmece İkitelli Kağıthane Ömerli Cumhuriyet
Primary Standards (Clarity), ntu
Turbidity 1 5 1 1 0,14 0,18 0,16 0,21 0,17
Primary Standards (Microbiological), kob/100 ml
Coliform Bacteria 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Primary Standards (Disinfection By-Products), μ G/l
Total Trihalomethnaes 100 460 80 100 47,3 25,5 19,1 17,5 33,6
Bromate 3 10 10 10 <2,0 <2,0 <2,0 <2,0 <2,0
Primary Standards (Inorganic Chemicals), Mg/l
Aluminium 0,200 0,100 0,200 ---- 0,110 0,059 0,081 0,031 0,013
Arsenic 0,01 0,01 0,01 ---- 0,0007 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005
Barium -- 0,7 2,0 ---- 0,002 0,029 0,027 0,029 0,020
Cadmium 0,005 0,003 0,005 0,005 <0,0002 <0,0002 <0,0002 <0,0005 <0,0002
Chrome (Total ) 0,05 0,05 0,10 0,05 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005
Floride 1,5 1,5 2,0 1,5 0,25 0,07 0,07 0,06 0,08
Bromide - - - - 0,05 0,02 0,03 0,01 <0,01
Cyanide 0,05 0,07 0,20 0,05 <0,02 <0,02 <0,02 <0,02 <0,02
Lead 0,010 0,010 0,015 0,010 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005
Mercury 0,001 0,001 0,002 0,001 <0,0001 <0,0001 <0,0001 <0,0001 <0,0001
Nitrat e(NO3) 50 50 45 50 0,6 0,8 0,7 1,8 3,4
Selenium 0,01 0,01 0,05 0,01 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005
Silver ---- 0,10 0,10 ----- <0,0150 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005
Antimone 0,005 0,020 0,006 0,005 <0,0002 <0,0002 <0,0002 <0,0002 <0,0002
Berylium ---- ---- 0,004 ------ <0,0002 <0,0002 <0,0002 <0,0002 <0,0002
The Istanbul Water Quality Report
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The Istanbul Water Quality Report
Secondary Standards (Aesthetic). mg/L
Chlorine 250 250 250 250 93 43 41 30 56
Colour (unit) 20 15 15 ----- <2,0 <2,0 <2,0 <2,0 <2,0
Copper 2 2 1 2 <0,001 <0,001 <0,004 0,002 <0,001
Iron 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,010 <0,005 <0,005 0,078 0,009
Manganese 0,05 0,1 0,05 0,05 0,002 <0,002 <0,002 0,009 <0,002
PH 6,5-9,5 6,5-8,0 6,5-8,5 6,5-9,5 7,21 7,24 7,05 7,09 6,89
Sulpate 250 500 250 250 96,7 39,6 60,9 28,9 19,3
Total dissolvedmaterials ----- 1000 500 ----
357 204 258 314 279
Zinc ----- 3,0 5,0 ----- <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 0,051 0,045
Additional Parameters . mg/L
Calcium ---- 300 ---- ------ 56,6 47,1 47,9 38,0 42,9
Hardness (as CaCO3 ) ---- 500 ---- ------- 196 135 193 195 132
Magnesium ---- ---- ---- ---- 14,2 4,8 6,9 7,0 8,2
Potasium ---- ---- ---- ---- 5,3 2,6 2,6 2,5 3,1
Sodium 200 200 ---- 200 55,2 18,2 23,4 15,3 15,1
Free Chlorine(measured at plantoutlet) ----- 5,0 4,0 ---- 1,55 1,00 1,2 1,56 1,56
Ammonium 0,5 1,5 ---- 0,5 < 0,03 <0,03 < 0,03 < 0,03 < 0,03
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Wastewater Collection, Treatment and Disposal
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Locations of Wastewater Treatment Plants(81 wastewater treatment plants)
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Wastewater Treatment Plants (General Information)
Wastewater Treatment Capacity Daily Capacity
(m3/day)
Daily Average Water Treated in-2017
(m3/ day)
Total Amount Treated in-2017
(m3/year)
TOTAL for European Side 3,119,555 2,194,011 800,814,336
TOTAL for Asian Side 2,633,660 1,372,213 500,857,255
TOTAL for İSTANBUL 5,753,465 3,566,224 1,301,671.591
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Daily Wastewater Treatment Per Year
192
208
211
214 37
0 556 627 79
0 865 94
21.
370 1.
755 1.95
32.
085
1.98
4 2.18
2 2.40
4 2.72
5 2.94
03.
111
3.18
43.
242
3.17
03.
302 3.
566
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
thou
sand
m3 /d
ay
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PAŞABAHÇE
KÜÇÜKSU
Existing Treatment Plants / Mevcut Tesis
WASTEWATER BASINS ON THE ASIAN SIDE
Planned Treatment Plants / Planlanan Tesis
Under ConstructionDevam Eden
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ASYA YAKASI
Wastewater Basins On The European Side
Under ConstructionDevam Eden
Existing Treatment PlantsMevcut Tesis
Planned Treatment PlantsPlanlanan Tesis Slayt 44/60
Online treated water quality monitoringOnline chlorination monitoringOnline water amonia monitoringOnline river water quality monitoringOnline well water quality monitoringOnline Treated waste water qualitySpot sampling monitoring for the basins (dams, rivers, lakes etc.)
Smart Grid Applications
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SSURFACE WATER QUALITY MONITORING
To protect drinkingwater resourcesquality of thesurface water ofIstanbul ismonitored bycollecting monthlysamples from about90 river, streamand lake stations.Routinely about 40parameters whichare listed in thetable are measuredand assessed inthe centrallaboratory of ISKI.
PARAMETERS METHODChemical Oxygen Demand (COD) SM 5220 B Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) SM 5210 B - SM 5210 DChloride (Cl-) SM 4500-Cl- B Dissolved Oxygen (DO) SM 4500-O - B - SM 4500-O - G% Dissolved Oxygen (% DO) SM 4500-O - GSalinity SM 2520 B Conductivity SM 2510 BpH SM 4500-H+ BTemperature YSI Multi- ParameterTotal Suspended Solids (TSS) SM 2540 DSulfate (SO4
2-) SM 4500-SO4-2-D
Ammonium Nitrogen (NH4+-N) EN ISO 11732
Nitrate Nitrogen (NO3--N) SM 4500-NO3– I
Total Phosphorus SM 4500-P I Color SM 2120 C Total Organic Carbon (TOC) SM 5310 BTotal Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) SM 4500 N.org BAnionic Surfactants as MBAS (Methylene blue active substances ) ISO 16265-2, EN903
Phenols SM 4120 B - SM 5530 DTotal Cyanide TS EN ISO 14403-2 Total Sulfur SM 4500 S 2- E. Cadmium(Cd) ,Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Total Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Zinc(Zn), Ferrum(Fe), Manganese(Mn), Barium(Ba), Aluminium(A)l , Boron(B), Cobalt(Co)
SM 3120 B
Total coliform ISO 9308-2E.coli ISO 9308-2
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OONLINE MONITORING OF RIVER WATER QUALITY
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OONLINE MONITORING OF RIVER WATER QUALITY
Furthermore, real-timemeasurement of waterquality in three streamsof Ömerli and Elmalıdrinking water basins isalso conducted todetect source watercontaminationincidents.The measuredparameters are flow,pH, temperature,conductivity, dissolvedoxygen, ammonium,total nitrogen, totalsuspended solids, totalorganic carbon andtotal phosphorus.
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Interconnection system between waterreservoirs
EsenyurtDepo İkitelli
Arıtma
B.ÇekmeceArıtma
KağıthaneArıtma
ÖmerliArıtma
ElmalıArıtma
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RRAW AND TREATED WATER MONITORING
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RRAW AND TREATED WATER CONTROLING
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Smart Grid System
Raw Water Resource Water Treatment Plant Pumping Station
Wastewater Pumping StationWastewater Treatment PlantStream Overflow System
SewerageKanalizasyon
Customers
RecycleGeri Dönüşüm
• Dam, Well Level• Rainfall• Evaporation• Temperature• Water Quality
• Raw Water Flow• Clean Water Flow• Storage Level• Water Quality• Pumping Working Position
• Storage Level• Pumping Working Position• Energy Consumption Values• Flow• Pressure• Panel Information
• Stream Level• Flow Rate• Amount of Rainfall• Weather Condition
• Waste Water Flow• Storage Level• Waste Water Quality• Pumping Working Position
• Biogas•Sludge• Waste• Sand
• Storage Level• Pumping Working Position• Energy Consumption Values• Flow• Pressure•Panel Information
• Flow• Pressure
• IndexInformation• Su Kalite
• Waterquantityprovided forindustry• Green fieldwaterquantity• Seadischargequantity• Treatedwater quality Slayt 52/60
Water Management Center for Smart Grid (İSKOM)
• ISOLATION Complete separation of the critical infrastructurecontrol area from the connections with both thecompany and external stakeholders, and control of transitions through a firewall
• Risk Analyzing and Penetration Test Identify risks related to possible cyber threatsthrough penetration studies on existing criticalinfrastructure components
• MonitoringTypes of cyber attacks on the critical infrastructureSince they are different, observing the traffic 24/7.
Our vision is “a secure, effective, and confident water sector, resilient to the everevolving cyber threat”.
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Water Management Center for Smart Grid (İSKOM)
In Smart Grid Management; It is aimed to provide a centralized control with smartsystems to the disposal of the water source, purification, distribution to the lastsubscriber, and discharge and purification after discharge.
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In Smart Grid Management (İSKOM) ;Sotfware, automations and technology for water management is followed and
controlled at this center.There will be crisis desk, software development, training and simulation rooms
where all emergency situations related to Water Management can be evaluated.In order to adress with a immediate response to people in Istanbul Smart Grid
Management will be entegrated ISKI Hotline 185.Institutional Asset Management and Energy Management will be conducted in a
center.