Slayt 1/60SSSlllayt

WATER SAFETY IN TURKEY

EMEL TÜFEKÇİ

İSKİ WATER TREATMENT İSKİ WATER TREATMENT DEPARTMENT DIRECTOR PARTMENT DIRECTO

OF KAĞITHANE OF KAĞITHANE TREATMENT BRANCHATMENT BRA

11.09.2018

Slayt 2/60

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

WATER ORGANIZATION in TURKEY

GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT İSKİ

HISTORY OF WATER IN İSTANBUL

WATER SUPPLY

PREPAREDNESS TO PHYSICAL AND CYBER SAFETY

Slayt 3/60

PRESIDENCY OF REPUBLIC OF

TURKEY

REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY

GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF

WATER MANAGEMENT

REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY

OF ENVIRENMENTAL AND URBANISATION

GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT

GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF

LOCAL ADMINISTRATION

İSTANBUL METROPOLITAN

MUNICIPALTY

İSTANBUL WATER AND SEWERAGE ADMINISTRATION

(İSKİ)

REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY

OF HEALTH

İSTANBUL HEALTH DEPARTMENT

WATER ORGANIZATION in TURKEY

Slayt 4/60

Duties and authorities of General Directorate of Water Management;

Ensuring the supply of adequate quantity and appropriate quality of drinking water for every stage from basin to final consumer and the criteria, procedures and principles to be followed.

Determination of Special Provisions in Drinking Water Supply and Basin

Standards for raw water quality for treatment plants is determined and classified for each water quality class, treatment methods and treatment facilities design norms and standards

Drinking water for efficient use and efficiency for the control of water losses in water distribution networks and principles

Slayt 5/60

DSI, MoEU and Metropolitan Municipalities Water and Sewerage Administrations by; drinking water Master Plan preparation works are carried out.

Water use in DSİ's plans, current and future water needs and resources adequacy, for alternative sources technical, economic and environmental feasibility for planning

Ensure the safety of drinking water as focusing on point received

Drinking water for the supply of drinking water studies to determine whether the standards factors affecting water quality in the system limited to the major problems encountered.

Preparing regulation on the above titles for securing adequate water supplying

Slayt 6/60

Strategy Plans

Basin Protection Action Plans

Water Quality Action Plans

Sensitive Area Project Basin Action Plans

Basin Protection Action Plans Measure Strategy Booklets

Sectoral Water Allocation Plans

National Drought Management Strategy Paper and Action Plan

Drinking Water Protection Plans

Strategy and Roadmap Action Plan on Modeling

National Basin Management Strategy

Slayt 7/60

GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT İSKİİstanbul Metropolitan Municipality

İstanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (İSKİ)

Slayt 8/60

Foundation of İSKİ

The first water administration in İstanbul was established in 1869. Water and sewerageservices in İstanbul were combined under İSKİ (İstanbul Water and Sewerage Administration)in 1981.

İSKİ is a subsidy of İstanbul Metropolitan Municipality, and has its own budget Almost thewhole budget income is received from water sales. Its service area covers the whole territorywithin Istanbul’s borders.

Slayt 9/60

Duties of İSKİ

To provide water

To collect, treat and discharge wastewater

To protect water resources

Slayt 10/60

Key Figures on Istanbul

Population served : 15.029 millionTotal Service Area of İSKİ : 9.271 km2

Total number of customers : 6.3 millionTotal length of water networks : 18.822 kmTotal length of the Transmission Line : 2.527 kmTotal length of sewers : 15.730 kmTotal length of the Collectors : 1.113 kmTotal Length of Tunnels : 201 kmTotal length of rainwater networks : 3.999 kmAnnual yield of water resources : 1 billion 653 million m3/yearAverage daily water supply : 2.8 million m3/dayVolume of Water Storage Tanks : 1.632.580 m3

Budget (2018) : 7.436.446.000 TL / 1,536,455,785 $Investment (2018) : 3.210.999.000 TL / 663,429,545 $

Total length of water lines: 21.349 kmTotal length of waste water lines: 21.043 km

Slayt 11/60

Hierarchical Structure at an Operational Level

General Assembly(Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Council)

Director General

Deputy Directors General

Heads of Departments

Directors

Chiefs

Officers-Workers

Board of Management

Slayt 12/60

İSKİ Staff

Total6.336

Worker3.773

Officer

2.563

Total number of staff including personnel of subcontractors :

12.147

Slayt 13/60

Istanbul is one of the world’s most ancient cities. Founded on theBosphorus linking Asia to Europe, it is also Turkey’s largest city in terms ofhistory, trade and culture and for centuries served as the capital of theByzantine and Ottoman Empires.

History of Water in Istanbul

Slayt 14/60

Throughout history Istanbul has been a magnet, a city of strategic importance wherea water problem has always existed.

The transmission lines, cisterns, reservoirs, aqueducts, historic dams and fountainsbuilt at various times to ensure a water supply for the city formed an impressive watercivilization.

History of Water in Istanbul

Slayt 15/60

During the Roman period, water demand of İstanbul was supplied from wells, small springsand cisterns.

In order to meet increasing water demands of the city, Emperor Valens brought water fromHalkalı to Beyazıt through transmission lines.

The Roman Period

Slayt 16/60

Aspor (Çukurbostan) Cistern

Armies besieging Istanbul to conquer the city used to block water coming to andflowing outside the city walls to break Byzantine resistance and to destroy water ways.

In order to store water as a precaution as a result of these besieges, over 70 coveredand open cisterns were constructed during the Byzantine period.

The Byzantine Period

Slayt 17/60

Upon the conquest of Istanbul by Fatih the Conqueror, he commanded therestoration and expansion of old water ways which were out of use due to neglect,earthquakes and destruction of the invaders and new water ways were constructed.

Water Ways Constructed and Developed during the Ottoman Period

Halkalı Water WaysKırkçeşme Water WaysÜsküdar Water WaysTaksim Water WaysHamidiye Water Ways

The Ottoman Period

Slayt 18/60

Potable Water Supply

Slayt 19/60

Years(Yıllar)

Populationmillion(Nüfus)(milyon)

Total Annual Water Demand

million m3/year(Yıllık Su İhtiyacı)(milyon m3/yıl)

Total Daily Water Demand

million m3/day(Günlük Su İhtiyacı)

(milyon m3/gün)

1990 6,6 426 1,2

1995 8,4 525 1,4

2000 10,3 615 1,7

2007 12,6 714 1,9

2010 13,3 778 2,1

2017 15,029 1.000 2,8

2020 17,7 1.163 3,2

2030 20,9 1.449 4,0

2040 23,6 1.723 4,7

Water Demand

Slayt 20/60

Almost 100 % of potable water in Istanbul is provided from surface waters.

The area of water resources range from the Bulgarian border in the west toDüzce in the east.

68% of water resources are on the Asian side with 39% of population while 32%exist on the European side with 61% of the population.

Wat

er

% 39

% 68

Popu

latio

n

Wat

er

% 61% 32 BLACK SEA

DÜZCE

BULGARIAN BORDER

Existing Water Resources of İstanbul

MARMARA SEA

WEST

EAST

Nüf

us

Popu

latio

nN

üfus

Slayt 21/60

Name of the Plant Tesisin Adı

Put into OperationHizmete Giriş Yılı

Yield / Verim

(million m3/year)

Aqueducts 1620-1839 2,5Elmalı I & II Dams 1893 – 1950 15

Terkos Dam 1883 142

Alibeyköy Dam 1972 36

Ömerli Dam 1972 220

Darlık Dam 1989 97

Büyükçekmece Dam 1989 100

Yeşilvadi Weir 1992 5

Istrancalar (Düzdere, Kuzuludere, Büyükdere, Sultanbahçedere,Elmalıdere) 1995-1997 75,2

Wells 1996-2007 25,7

Kazandere Dam 1997 100

Sazlıdere Dam 1998 55

Pabuçdere Dam 2000 60

Yeşilçay Weir 2004 145

Melen I 2007 268

Melen II 2014 307

Total 1,653.4

Existing Water Resources

Slayt 22/60

Ömerli Dam

Slayt 23/60Büyükçekmece Lake

Slayt 24/60

Terkos Lake

Slayt 25/60

Name of the PlantTesisin Adı

Year CommissionedHizmete Giriş Yılı

ExplanationAçıklama

Capacity(m3 /day)

Kapasite (m3/gün)

Ömerli

Orhaniye1972 Existing (Mevcut) 300,000

1995 Capacity increased (Kapasite Artırımı) 200,000

Muradiye 1995 New (Yeni Tesis) 320,000

Osmaniye 1997 Renewing (Yenileme) 220,000

Emirli (Yavuz Sultan Selim) 2001 New (Yeni Tesis) 500,000

Ömerli Total 1.540,000

Kağıthane

Çelebi Mehmet 1972 Existing (Mevcut) 378,000

Yıldırım Beyazid1996 Renewing( Yenileme) 280,000

1996 Capacity increased (Kapasite Artırımı) 70,000

Kağıthane Total 728,000

B.Çekmece Büyükçekmece 1989 Existing (Mevcut) 400,000

Elmalı Elmalı 1994 Renewing (Yenileme) 50,000

İkitelliFatih Sultan Mehmet 1998 New (Yeni Tesis) 420,000

II.Beyazid 2003 New (Yeni Tesis) 420,000

İkitelli Total 840,000

Taşoluk Potable Water Treatment Plant 2006 New (Yeni Tesis) 50,000Cumhuriyet Potable Water Treatment Plant 2012 New (Yeni Tesis) 720,000Other (Ağva, Bıçkıdere, Danamandra, Hacıosman, Yalıköy, Şile Esenceli, Şile) 67,860

TOTAL 4,395.860

Drinking Water Treatment Plants

İSKİ provides service by 19 potable water treatment plants

Slayt 26/60

Locations of Potable Water Treatment Plants

Slayt 27/60

Potable Water Supplied to City in Years (million m3)

692 709 698 732 714 718 724778 824 873 909 924 965 999 1021

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

mill

ion

m3 /y

ear

1 billion 21 million m³ potable water is supplied to Istanbul city in 2017

Slayt 28/60Ömerli Potable Water Treatment Plant

Slayt 29/60Büyükçekmece Potable Water Treatment Plant

Slayt 30/60

Cumhuriyet Potable Water Treatment PlantCumhuriyet İçme Suyu Arıtma TesisiCumhuriyet Potable Water Treatment Plant

Slayt 31/60İkitelli Potable Water Treatment Plant

Slayt 32/60

Existing Transmission Lines

In order to provide regular and abundant water Melen-Kağıthane

Terkos – Kağıthane, Terkos – İkitelli, Ömerli – Çamlıca, Çamlıca - SalacakPendik – Küçükyalı, Maltepe – Adalar, Çatalca – Mimarsinan, Alibeyköy – Kağıthaneetc. transmission lines of Ø3000 mm were constructed

Slayt 33/60

The length of the main transmission lines whose diameter extend from 400 mm to 4000 mm is 2.527 km

Transmission Lines

Slayt 34/60

İSKİ SCADA System

Thanks to the modern SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) System with latest technologies;

Rise level in dams during rainfall can be measured,Failures in the system can be tracked and addressed with immediate response,Water level, pressure and flow in dams, treatment plants, main transmission lines, pumping stations

and storage tanks can be instantly monitored, evaluated and addressed. Information such as meteorological data and water quality can be instantly monitored.

Slayt 35/60

100-150 samples of water from various parts of Istanbul are taken every day and chemical and bacteriological tests are made.

By making water treatment plants and renewing distribution network drinking water has come up to a standard above World Health Organization (WHO), European Union (EU), USA Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Turkish Standards Institution (TSE).

Water Quality

Slayt 36/60

PARAMETERS

STANDARDS İSKİ POTABLE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS

TSE 2662005

World HealthOrganization

(WHO)2011

USA Env.r Prot. Agency(EPA)2008

EuropeanCouncil

(EC)1998

B.Çekmece İkitelli Kağıthane Ömerli Cumhuriyet

Primary Standards (Clarity), ntu

Turbidity 1 5 1 1 0,14 0,18 0,16 0,21 0,17

Primary Standards (Microbiological), kob/100 ml

Coliform Bacteria 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Primary Standards (Disinfection By-Products), μ G/l

Total Trihalomethnaes 100 460 80 100 47,3 25,5 19,1 17,5 33,6

Bromate 3 10 10 10 <2,0 <2,0 <2,0 <2,0 <2,0

Primary Standards (Inorganic Chemicals), Mg/l

Aluminium 0,200 0,100 0,200 ---- 0,110 0,059 0,081 0,031 0,013

Arsenic 0,01 0,01 0,01 ---- 0,0007 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005

Barium -- 0,7 2,0 ---- 0,002 0,029 0,027 0,029 0,020

Cadmium 0,005 0,003 0,005 0,005 <0,0002 <0,0002 <0,0002 <0,0005 <0,0002

Chrome (Total ) 0,05 0,05 0,10 0,05 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005

Floride 1,5 1,5 2,0 1,5 0,25 0,07 0,07 0,06 0,08

Bromide - - - - 0,05 0,02 0,03 0,01 <0,01

Cyanide 0,05 0,07 0,20 0,05 <0,02 <0,02 <0,02 <0,02 <0,02

Lead 0,010 0,010 0,015 0,010 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005

Mercury 0,001 0,001 0,002 0,001 <0,0001 <0,0001 <0,0001 <0,0001 <0,0001

Nitrat e(NO3) 50 50 45 50 0,6 0,8 0,7 1,8 3,4

Selenium 0,01 0,01 0,05 0,01 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005

Silver ---- 0,10 0,10 ----- <0,0150 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005

Antimone 0,005 0,020 0,006 0,005 <0,0002 <0,0002 <0,0002 <0,0002 <0,0002

Berylium ---- ---- 0,004 ------ <0,0002 <0,0002 <0,0002 <0,0002 <0,0002

The Istanbul Water Quality Report

Slayt 37/60

The Istanbul Water Quality Report

Secondary Standards (Aesthetic). mg/L

Chlorine 250 250 250 250 93 43 41 30 56

Colour (unit) 20 15 15 ----- <2,0 <2,0 <2,0 <2,0 <2,0

Copper 2 2 1 2 <0,001 <0,001 <0,004 0,002 <0,001

Iron 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,010 <0,005 <0,005 0,078 0,009

Manganese 0,05 0,1 0,05 0,05 0,002 <0,002 <0,002 0,009 <0,002

PH 6,5-9,5 6,5-8,0 6,5-8,5 6,5-9,5 7,21 7,24 7,05 7,09 6,89

Sulpate 250 500 250 250 96,7 39,6 60,9 28,9 19,3

Total dissolvedmaterials ----- 1000 500 ----

357 204 258 314 279

Zinc ----- 3,0 5,0 ----- <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 0,051 0,045

Additional Parameters . mg/L

Calcium ---- 300 ---- ------ 56,6 47,1 47,9 38,0 42,9

Hardness (as CaCO3 ) ---- 500 ---- ------- 196 135 193 195 132

Magnesium ---- ---- ---- ---- 14,2 4,8 6,9 7,0 8,2

Potasium ---- ---- ---- ---- 5,3 2,6 2,6 2,5 3,1

Sodium 200 200 ---- 200 55,2 18,2 23,4 15,3 15,1

Free Chlorine(measured at plantoutlet) ----- 5,0 4,0 ---- 1,55 1,00 1,2 1,56 1,56

Ammonium 0,5 1,5 ---- 0,5 < 0,03 <0,03 < 0,03 < 0,03 < 0,03

Slayt 38/60

Wastewater Collection, Treatment and Disposal

Slayt 39/60

Locations of Wastewater Treatment Plants(81 wastewater treatment plants)

Slayt 40/60

Wastewater Treatment Plants (General Information)

Wastewater Treatment Capacity Daily Capacity

(m3/day)

Daily Average Water Treated in-2017

(m3/ day)

Total Amount Treated in-2017

(m3/year)

TOTAL for European Side 3,119,555 2,194,011 800,814,336

TOTAL for Asian Side 2,633,660 1,372,213 500,857,255

TOTAL for İSTANBUL 5,753,465 3,566,224 1,301,671.591

Slayt 41/60

Daily Wastewater Treatment Per Year

192

208

211

214 37

0 556 627 79

0 865 94

21.

370 1.

755 1.95

32.

085

1.98

4 2.18

2 2.40

4 2.72

5 2.94

03.

111

3.18

43.

242

3.17

03.

302 3.

566

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

thou

sand

m3 /d

ay

Slayt 42/60

PAŞABAHÇE

KÜÇÜKSU

Existing Treatment Plants / Mevcut Tesis

WASTEWATER BASINS ON THE ASIAN SIDE

Planned Treatment Plants / Planlanan Tesis

Under ConstructionDevam Eden

Slayt 43/60

ASYA YAKASI

Wastewater Basins On The European Side

Under ConstructionDevam Eden

Existing Treatment PlantsMevcut Tesis

Planned Treatment PlantsPlanlanan Tesis Slayt 44/60

Online treated water quality monitoringOnline chlorination monitoringOnline water amonia monitoringOnline river water quality monitoringOnline well water quality monitoringOnline Treated waste water qualitySpot sampling monitoring for the basins (dams, rivers, lakes etc.)

Smart Grid Applications

Slayt 45/60

SSURFACE WATER QUALITY MONITORING

To protect drinkingwater resourcesquality of thesurface water ofIstanbul ismonitored bycollecting monthlysamples from about90 river, streamand lake stations.Routinely about 40parameters whichare listed in thetable are measuredand assessed inthe centrallaboratory of ISKI.

PARAMETERS METHODChemical Oxygen Demand (COD) SM 5220 B Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) SM 5210 B - SM 5210 DChloride (Cl-) SM 4500-Cl- B Dissolved Oxygen (DO) SM 4500-O - B - SM 4500-O - G% Dissolved Oxygen (% DO) SM 4500-O - GSalinity SM 2520 B Conductivity SM 2510 BpH SM 4500-H+ BTemperature YSI Multi- ParameterTotal Suspended Solids (TSS) SM 2540 DSulfate (SO4

2-) SM 4500-SO4-2-D

Ammonium Nitrogen (NH4+-N) EN ISO 11732

Nitrate Nitrogen (NO3--N) SM 4500-NO3– I

Total Phosphorus SM 4500-P I Color SM 2120 C Total Organic Carbon (TOC) SM 5310 BTotal Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) SM 4500 N.org BAnionic Surfactants as MBAS (Methylene blue active substances ) ISO 16265-2, EN903

Phenols SM 4120 B - SM 5530 DTotal Cyanide TS EN ISO 14403-2 Total Sulfur SM 4500 S 2- E. Cadmium(Cd) ,Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Total Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Zinc(Zn), Ferrum(Fe), Manganese(Mn), Barium(Ba), Aluminium(A)l , Boron(B), Cobalt(Co)

SM 3120 B

Total coliform ISO 9308-2E.coli ISO 9308-2

Slayt 46/60

OONLINE MONITORING OF RIVER WATER QUALITY

Slayt 47/60

OONLINE MONITORING OF RIVER WATER QUALITY

Furthermore, real-timemeasurement of waterquality in three streamsof Ömerli and Elmalıdrinking water basins isalso conducted todetect source watercontaminationincidents.The measuredparameters are flow,pH, temperature,conductivity, dissolvedoxygen, ammonium,total nitrogen, totalsuspended solids, totalorganic carbon andtotal phosphorus.

Slayt 48/60

Interconnection system between waterreservoirs

EsenyurtDepo İkitelli

Arıtma

B.ÇekmeceArıtma

KağıthaneArıtma

ÖmerliArıtma

ElmalıArıtma

Slayt 49/60

RRAW AND TREATED WATER MONITORING

Slayt 50/60

RRAW AND TREATED WATER CONTROLING

Slayt 51/60

Smart Grid System

Raw Water Resource Water Treatment Plant Pumping Station

Wastewater Pumping StationWastewater Treatment PlantStream Overflow System

SewerageKanalizasyon

Customers

RecycleGeri Dönüşüm

• Dam, Well Level• Rainfall• Evaporation• Temperature• Water Quality

• Raw Water Flow• Clean Water Flow• Storage Level• Water Quality• Pumping Working Position

• Storage Level• Pumping Working Position• Energy Consumption Values• Flow• Pressure• Panel Information

• Stream Level• Flow Rate• Amount of Rainfall• Weather Condition

• Waste Water Flow• Storage Level• Waste Water Quality• Pumping Working Position

• Biogas•Sludge• Waste• Sand

• Storage Level• Pumping Working Position• Energy Consumption Values• Flow• Pressure•Panel Information

• Flow• Pressure

• IndexInformation• Su Kalite

• Waterquantityprovided forindustry• Green fieldwaterquantity• Seadischargequantity• Treatedwater quality Slayt 52/60

Water Management Center for Smart Grid (İSKOM)

• ISOLATION Complete separation of the critical infrastructurecontrol area from the connections with both thecompany and external stakeholders, and control of transitions through a firewall

• Risk Analyzing and Penetration Test Identify risks related to possible cyber threatsthrough penetration studies on existing criticalinfrastructure components

• MonitoringTypes of cyber attacks on the critical infrastructureSince they are different, observing the traffic 24/7.

Our vision is “a secure, effective, and confident water sector, resilient to the everevolving cyber threat”.

Slayt 53/60

Water Management Center for Smart Grid (İSKOM)

In Smart Grid Management; It is aimed to provide a centralized control with smartsystems to the disposal of the water source, purification, distribution to the lastsubscriber, and discharge and purification after discharge.

Slayt 54/60

In Smart Grid Management (İSKOM) ;Sotfware, automations and technology for water management is followed and

controlled at this center.There will be crisis desk, software development, training and simulation rooms

where all emergency situations related to Water Management can be evaluated.In order to adress with a immediate response to people in Istanbul Smart Grid

Management will be entegrated ISKI Hotline 185.Institutional Asset Management and Energy Management will be conducted in a

center.