Protestant Reformation

Mrs. Boyd 12th grade Global Studies

Thomas Jefferson High School

The Protestant Reformation: Roots

• Great Schism of the West (1054)– First break within the Catholic Church

• John Huss– 100 yrs. before Martin Luther– The first reformer – Beat off five crusades against the Catholic

Church – Excommunicated and burned at the stake

• Northern Renaissance

Causes of the Reformation

• Problems with the church – Greedy - $$– Popes = Politicians – Warriors instead of moral leaders. – Many officials were unmoral and corrupt.

• It starts in Germany– Not unified – No strong leader to hold religion together

Lutheranism

• Salvation comes from God and faith alone. – No ceremonies, relics, good deeds

• Sacraments – baptism and communion

– Key is the Bible• Wants people to be able to read the Bible• Religious education for all

– Priest do not have special powers

• Broke away from the Catholic Church because it was not pure– Traditional Lutherans have many similarities

to Catholics

The Breaking Point!

Martin Luther Vs. Johann Tetzel and the fight over indulgences

95 Theses

What helps to spread Luther’s ideas?

Diet of the Worms

Luther says NO!!!!!!!!!!

Hier stehe ich. Ich kann nicht anders. Gott helfe mir. Amen." ("Here I stand. I can do

nothing else. God help me. Amen.")

• He is excommunicated from church and forced into hiding for the rest of his life

•Worked banned – Stopped by Frederick the Wise

Luther’s Legacy

• Permanent split in the Christian faith between Catholicism and Protestantism

• A number of different sects of Protestantism::–Methodist–Presbyterian–Baptist

• Today - approximately 590 million Protestants worldwide

John Calvin - Calvinism

• French lawyer - moved to religious community in Geneva, Switzerland

• Founder of Calvinist faith

• 1536 – The Institutes of the Christian Religion– Code = all religious

questions

Beliefs • “Faith Alone” saves you• The Bible holds the

truth– Religious Education

• Calvinism = Calvinists • PREDESTINATION

– God has already decided who is saved/condemned.

– “ the elect” – expected to follow a high moral standard

Calvinism Spreads

• Official religion – Geneva – Theocracy – government ruled by

religious leaders who claim God authority.

– Outlawed dancing, cards, bad language, etc.

– Created appeal – people knew how to act – Are the elect people????

Calvinism Spreads

• Spreads to France, Germany, Netherlands, Scandinavia, Scotland

• France–Huguenots –Civil Wars (1562) – King Henry IV – Edict of Nantes• Freedom of religion • Some political rights

Henry VIII of England• Wished to divorce

Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn– Pope refused to grant it

• Henry declares himself head of the Church of England in the “Act of Supremacy” 1534

• Henry is the head of the Church of England not the Pope– In America we call this

the Anglican Church

CONSEQUENCESEnd of a united ChristendomBloody wars of religion, religious persecutionReligious, Social, Political conflicts intermingledEstablishment of modern languages (German, English) not LatinConfiscation of Church lands increased power for rulers

Religions Today (US)

Religions Today (US Catholicism)

Religions Today (US Judaism)

Religions Today (Europe)

Religions Today (World)