OGT Review 2Evolution, Classification, Kingdoms

• Charles Darwin studied finches on Galapagos Islands– Found species of finches had different beaks

based on where they lived– Concluded birds that had developed the “good”

trait lived to produce more offspring – Evolution-change in population that leads to a

new species• Cause of changes in population is mutations

• Natural Selection- due to variations among members of a species some individuals in a population are better adapted than others to meet challenges. These survive and reproduce while others die out.

• Adaptations- inherited characteristics that enhance survival in a given habitat

Review Quiz

What is an incorrect statement about vestigial organs?

a. The human appendix and the snake’s pelvis are examples of vestigial organs

b. Vestigial organs are structures that were once useful to the species’ ancestor but no longer serve a useful function

c. Vestigial structures show common relationships with ancestral species

d. Vestigial organs are adaptations that allow organisms to survive in their environment

What is an incorrect statement about vestigial organs?

a. The human appendix and the snake’s pelvis are examples of vestigial organs

b. Vestigial organs are structures that were once useful to the species’ ancestor but no longer serve a useful function

c. Vestigial structures show common relationships with ancestral species

d. Vestigial organs are adaptations that allow organisms to survive in their environment

8What statement is correct about embryology?

a. Scientists can use embryos to shows if species were in existence before dinosaurs

b. Similarities in embryos of different species suggest a common ancestor

c. Embryology is the study of reproductive methods in organisms

d. Only one vertebrate species has tails and gill slits at some point in its early development

What statement is correct about embryology?

a. Scientists can use embryos to shows if species were in existence before dinosaurs

b. Similarities in embryos of different species suggest a common ancestor

c. Embryology is the study of reproductive methods in organisms

d. Only one vertebrate species has tails and gill slits at some point in its early development

11Which statement best describes Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection?

a. Species change whenever individuals in the population adapt to their environment

b. Most species in nature change when humans select which individuals to breed

c. Species that have favorable traits live longer and pass those traits on to offspring

d. Animal populations change in appearance mostly due to favorable mutations in DNA

11Which statement best describes Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection?

a. Species change whenever individuals in the population adapt to their environment

b. Most species in nature change when humans select which individuals to breed

c. Species that have favorable traits live longer and pass those traits on to offspring

d. Animal populations change in appearance mostly due to favorable mutations in DNA

Which is not true about fossil evidence?

a. Nitrogen-dating gives the absolute age of a fossil

b. Fossils found in geologic columns of sedimentary rock give a relative age

c. Fossils can be imprints, molds, bones, or whole organisms

d. Fossils allow scientists to determine relatedness by comparing structures and anatomy of different organisms

Which is not true about fossil evidence?

a. Nitrogen-dating gives the absolute age of a fossil

b. Fossils found in geologic columns of sedimentary rock give a relative age

c. Fossils can be imprints, molds, bones, or whole organisms

d. Fossils allow scientists to determine relatedness by comparing structures and anatomy of different organisms

Which statement is not correct about divergent evolution?

a. It results in homologous structuresb. It can result in adaptive radiationc. It leads to speciation – one species becoming

many due to new adaptations in different environments

d. It can be illustrated as:

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Which statement is not correct about divergent evolution?

a. It results in homologous structuresb. It can result in adaptive radiationc. It leads to speciation – one species becoming

many due to new adaptations in different environments

d. It can be illustrated as:

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Convergent evolution leads to:

a. Homologous structures with common origins that are modified for different environments

b. Analogous structures with common origins that are modified for different environments

c. Homologous structures that have different origins but similar functions

d. Analogous structures that have different origins but similar functions

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Convergent evolution leads to:

a. Homologous structures with common origins that are modified for different environments

b. Analogous structures with common origins that are modified for different environments

c. Homologous structures that have different origins but similar functions

d. Analogous structures that have different origins but similar functions

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Which of the statements does not accurately describe natural selection:

f. Organisms that are best adapted for their environment live longer and produce more offspring

g. Humans select organisms with desirable traits to interbreed and pass those traits to the next generation

h. Organisms which have certain traits that help them survive are more likely to pass those traits onto their offspring

j. It is when nature selects traits that will most help an organism survive and reproduce in its environment

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Which of the statements does not accurately describe natural selection:

f. Organisms that are best adapted for their environment live longer and produce more offspring

g. Humans select organisms with desirable traits to interbreed and pass those traits to the next generation

h. Organisms which have certain traits that help them survive are more likely to pass those traits onto their offspring

j. It is when nature selects traits that will most help an organism survive and reproduce in its environment

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• All of the these factors are challenges to the survival of organisms except A. Overpopulation of speciesB. Competition for resourcesC. Changes in environmentD. An adequate food supply

• All of the these factors are challenges to the survival of organisms except A. Overpopulation of speciesB. Competition for resourcesC. Changes in environmentD. An adequate food supply

• The arctic hare has white fur in the winter. This helps it survive because the A. White fur is warmer than dark furB. Hare is mimicking the polar bearC. White fur provides camouflage in the snowD. Diet of the hare changes in the winter

• The arctic hare has white fur in the winter. This helps it survive because the A. White fur is warmer than dark furB. Hare is mimicking the polar bearC. White fur provides camouflage in the snowD. Diet of the hare changes in the winter

Classification• Carlos Linnaeus came up with the original

system for classification (Plants and Animals)– Now we have 5 kingdoms

1. Animalia2. Plantae3. Fungi

Eukaryotes (nucleus)4. Protista5. Monera – Prokaryotes (bacteria) no nucleus

• Taxomony science of identifying and classifying organisms according to specific criteria using these categories:

Kingdom (largest/Diverse) King Phylum (Division)

Pete Class

Called Order

Out Family Funky

Genus Golf

Species (specific) Scores

Scientific names binomial, use genus and species.

Modern humans are Homo sapiens.

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Classification based on evolutionary relationships.

- get more specific as you go down in classification.

• Which group contains the largest number of different speciesA. PhylumB. OrderC. ClassD. Genus

• Which group contains the largest number of different speciesA. PhylumB. OrderC. ClassD. Genus

• The grasshopper would be most closely related to another organism that is in the sameA. phylum, but a different classB. Class but a different orderC. Order but a different familyD. Same family but a different genus

• The grasshopper would be most closely related to another organism that is in the sameA. phylum, but a different classB. Class but a different orderC. Order but a different familyD. Same family but a different genus

• Which animal is Most closely related to humans?A. WolfB. LionC. HorseD. Chimpanzee

• Which animal is Most closely related to humans?A. WolfB. LionC. HorseD. Chimpanzee

• Which kingdom is correctly paired with its characteristics?A. Animalia- cell walls and chloroplastsB. Plantae- centrioles and no cell wallsC. Protista- cell walls but no chloroplastsD. Monera- lack an organized nucleus

• Which kingdom is correctly paired with its characteristics?A. Animalia- cell walls and chloroplastsB. Plantae- centrioles and no cell wallsC. Protista- cell walls but no chloroplastsD. Monera- lack an organized nucleus