ClassificationClassification

Classification SchemeClassification Scheme

How many kingdoms?How many kingdoms?

Lumpers v. SplittersLumpers v. Splitters 5 Kingdoms: Monera (now archaebacteria 5 Kingdoms: Monera (now archaebacteria

& eubacteria), Protista, Plantae, Fungi, & eubacteria), Protista, Plantae, Fungi, AnimaliaAnimalia

6 Kingdoms: Eubacteria, 6 Kingdoms: Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Plantae, Archaebacteria, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, AnimaliaFungi, Animalia

8 Kingdoms: Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, 8 Kingdoms: Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Archenzoa, Chromista, Protista, Plantae, Archenzoa, Chromista, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, AnimaliaFungi, Animalia

Virus? Virus? Where does it fit in?Where does it fit in?

A Virus treads the fine line that A Virus treads the fine line that separates living and nonliving thingsseparates living and nonliving things

Viruses need a host cell (bacteria, plant Viruses need a host cell (bacteria, plant or animal) to live in and reproduceor animal) to live in and reproduce

Ex: AIDS, Herpes, Hepatitis C, Ex: AIDS, Herpes, Hepatitis C, Smallpox, West Nile Virus, Ebola. SARS, Smallpox, West Nile Virus, Ebola. SARS, Flu, Foot & Mouth DiseaseFlu, Foot & Mouth Disease

ArchaebacteriaArchaebacteria Domain: ArchaeaDomain: Archaea ProkaryotesProkaryotes UnicellularUnicellular Have Cell WallsHave Cell Walls Autotrophic or HeterotrophicAutotrophic or Heterotrophic Anaerobic (does not require Anaerobic (does not require

oxygen)oxygen) EX: Halophiles/ Thermophiles/ EX: Halophiles/ Thermophiles/

MethanogensMethanogens

EubacteriaEubacteria

Domain: BacteriaDomain: Bacteria ProkaryoteProkaryote UnicellularUnicellular Has Cell WallsHas Cell Walls Autotroph or Autotroph or

HeterotrophHeterotroph Aerobic or anaerobicAerobic or anaerobic Examples: e coli, strep, Examples: e coli, strep,

cyanobacteria,cyanobacteria, Treated with antibioticsTreated with antibiotics

ProtistsProtists Domain: EukaryaDomain: Eukarya EukaryoticEukaryotic Both Unicellular and Both Unicellular and

MulticellularMulticellular Some have cell wallsSome have cell walls Both Heterotrophic and Both Heterotrophic and

AutotrophicAutotrophic AerobicAerobic Examples: Amoeba, Examples: Amoeba,

Euglena, Volvox, AlgaeEuglena, Volvox, Algae

FUNGUSFUNGUSDecomposersDecomposers

Domain: EukaryaDomain: Eukarya EukaryoticEukaryotic Both Unicellular and Both Unicellular and

MulticellularMulticellular Cell walls made of Cell walls made of

chitinchitin HeterotrophicHeterotrophic AerobicAerobic Examples: Examples:

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FUNGUSFUNGUSDecomposersDecomposers

Common Molds: Common Molds: Mildew, Bread moldMildew, Bread mold

Sac Fungi: Sac Fungi: Yeast, Powdery MildewYeast, Powdery Mildew

Club Fungi: Club Fungi: MushroomsMushrooms

Imperfect Fungi: Imperfect Fungi: Athletes Foot, RingwormAthletes Foot, Ringworm

Plant KingdomPlant Kingdomgeneral characteristicsgeneral characteristics

Domain: EukaryaDomain: Eukarya EukaryoticEukaryotic MutlicellularMutlicellular Cell walls made of celluloseCell walls made of cellulose AutotrophicAutotrophic AerobicAerobic

Plant KingdomPlant Kingdomgeneral characteristicsgeneral characteristics

Has 12 major DIVISIONSHas 12 major DIVISIONS The plant kingdom uses The plant kingdom uses

divisions rather than phyladivisions rather than phyla Plants have three main partsPlants have three main parts

Roots: anchor plantRoots: anchor plant Stems: transport materialsStems: transport materials Leaves: site of photosynthesis Leaves: site of photosynthesis

(in chloroplasts) MAKES THE (in chloroplasts) MAKES THE FOOD!!FOOD!!

Examples: next pageExamples: next page

Non-vascular Non-vascular DivisionsDivisions

LiverwartsLiverwarts HornwartsHornwarts MossesMosses

Small, low to the groundSmall, low to the ground MUST have moisture to reproduceMUST have moisture to reproduce DecomposerDecomposer

VascularVascularW/O seedsW/O seeds

Whisk FernsWhisk Ferns Club MossesClub Mosses Horse TailsHorse Tails FernsFerns

Largest group of vascular plantsLargest group of vascular plants Alternation of generationsAlternation of generations

Vascular Vascular With SeedsWith Seeds

GnetaeGnetae CycadsCycads GinkgoesGinkgoes

Have male and female treesHave male and female trees Conifers (gymnosperms)Conifers (gymnosperms)

Grow very large & oldGrow very large & old Have needles and conesHave needles and cones

flowering plantsflowering plants Have flowersHave flowers Produce FruitProduce Fruit Large varietyLarge variety

The Animal KingdomThe Animal Kingdom Domain: EukaryaDomain: Eukarya EukaryoticEukaryotic MulticellularMulticellular NO cell wallsNO cell walls HeterotrophicHeterotrophic AerobicAerobic Examples:Examples:

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Porifera/SpongesPorifera/Sponges

SpongesSponges Lack Specialized TissuesLack Specialized Tissues Filter FeedersFilter Feeders Sessile (cannot move)Sessile (cannot move) AsymmetryAsymmetry Environmental IndicatorsEnvironmental Indicators

CnidariansCnidarians

Stinging CellsStinging Cells Radial SymmetryRadial Symmetry Examples: Coral, hydra, sea Examples: Coral, hydra, sea

anemone, jelly fishanemone, jelly fish

Platyhelminthes-FlatwormsPlatyhelminthes-Flatworms

Bilateral SymmetryBilateral Symmetry Unsegmented/FlatUnsegmented/Flat EX: Planarians, Tapeworms & FlukesEX: Planarians, Tapeworms & Flukes

Nematoda-RoundwormsNematoda-Roundworms

Round, Unsegmented bodiesRound, Unsegmented bodies Ex: ascaris(hookworms & pinworms), Ex: ascaris(hookworms & pinworms),

wuchereria bancroftiwuchereria bancrofti

MollusksMollusks

EX: Snails, slugs, Scallops & EX: Snails, slugs, Scallops & SquidsSquids

Soft body protected by a hard shellSoft body protected by a hard shell Mantle, Foot & Visceral MassMantle, Foot & Visceral Mass

Annelids-Segmented WormsAnnelids-Segmented Worms

EX; Earthworms, leeches & EX; Earthworms, leeches & polychaetespolychaetes

Segments, true coelomatesSegments, true coelomates Most are hermaphroditicMost are hermaphroditic

Arthropods--- So many!!!!!!Arthropods--- So many!!!!!!

MOST DIVERSE ANIMAL PHYLUMMOST DIVERSE ANIMAL PHYLUM Segmented Segmented

bodies bodies Jointed Jointed

AppendagesAppendages Exoskeleton Exoskeleton

made of made of ChitonChiton

CrustaceansCrustaceans

2 body parts2 body parts EX: Crayfish, Crabs, EX: Crayfish, Crabs,

Lobsters, Pillbugs & Lobsters, Pillbugs & Shrimp Shrimp

ArachnidsArachnids

8 legs & pedipalps8 legs & pedipalps No antennaeNo antennae Compound eyesCompound eyes Spiders & ScorpionsSpiders & Scorpions

-Insects------Insects----- AntennaeAntennae 6 legs6 legs DiverseDiverse

EchinodermsEchinoderms

Spiny SkinSpiny Skin Water Vascular SystemWater Vascular System Radial SymmetryRadial Symmetry EX: Seastars, Sea EX: Seastars, Sea

Cucumbers, Brittle Cucumbers, Brittle Stars, Sand DollarsStars, Sand Dollars

ChondrichthesChondrichthes

Cartilage FishCartilage Fish Sharks & RaysSharks & Rays

OsteichthyesOsteichthyes

Bony Bony FishFish

Puffer Puffer fish, fish, carp, carp, salmonsalmon

AmphibiansAmphibians

Lives on water & LandLives on water & Land 3 Chamber heart3 Chamber heart Eggs must stay dampEggs must stay damp

ReptilesReptiles

Rough SkinRough Skin Amniotic EggAmniotic Egg Ex: Snakes, Lizards & Ex: Snakes, Lizards &

CrocodilesCrocodiles

BirdsBirds

Warm BloodedWarm Blooded FlightFlight

Feathers?Feathers?

MarsupialsMarsupials PouchesPouches

MonotremesMonotremesDuck-Billed PlatypusDuck-Billed Platypus

& Spiny Ant Eater& Spiny Ant Eater

Egg-Laying MammalsEgg-Laying Mammals

Placental Placental MammalsMammals

•Carry young in Carry young in uteroutero

TaDaTaDa

The EndThe End