New England Colonies(1620-1700)

I. Intro

II. Why?

III. Plymouth (1620)

IV. Massachusetts Bay

A. Founding (1630)

B. Dissenters• Witches

V. New England Society

A. Community

B. Family

Key Terms• Puritans• Pilgrims• John Winthrop• Roger Williams• Anne Hutchinson• Salem Witch Trials

Two Dominant Religions In England

Roman Catholic Anglican

(Church of England)

Puritans: Purify Church of all Catholic influences

Pilgrims: “Radical” Puritans who wanted to separate from Anglican Church

Netherlands = Religious Freedom

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Major Religions In Europe

(ca. 1560)

Pilgrims Land At Plymouth(November, 1620)

• Included about 100 settlers

• About half died within six months

First Thanksgiving (1621)

• Thanksgiving = Indians & Pilgrims work together

Pilgrim’s Legacy1.First permanent

English settlement in New England

2.Pilgrims = VERY small in number

Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630)

• John Winthrop delivers “City on a Hill Sermon”

• Included 11 ships; 700 passengers

Great Puritan Migration(1610-1660)

• Persecution in England led to dramatic increase in settlement

• By 1700 population was 93,000 in ALL of New England

Massachusetts Bay Colony

• Influential leader• Governor of the colony

13 of its first 19 years• Church & State were

closely intertwined:– “Blue Laws”

John Winthrop

(1588-1649)

Dissenter

• Minister who called for separation of Church & State.

• Declared the colony had no legal right to own land.

• Banished in 1635; moved to “Providence” and began his own colony.

Roger Williams

(1603-1683)

• Rhode Island practiced religious toleration.

Dissenter

• A mother of 14 children• Challenged the authority

of ministers• Declared she had direct

revelations from God• Put on trial and

banished; later killed by Indians

Anne Hutchinson

(1591-1643)

Williams & Hutchinson

• Puritans did NOT necessarily support freedom of religion; they supported the right to practice their religion freely.

Salem Witch Trials(1692)

• In April, several girls began to act strangely

• Tituba, an African slave, and two others were accused of witchcraft; accusations grew

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Rev Cotton Mather’s Book Provided Brief Trial Narratives

• Over 300 were accused of witchcraft & 20 were executed

Petition For Bail From Accused Witches (1692)

Pattern• Accusation = Guilty

Verdict• Guilty Verdict = Execution• To avoid execution, a

confession was needed

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Salem Witch Trials(How Could This Happen?)

• Economics: social class & income conflict• Puritan’s Goal: “City Upon a Hill”

New England: Community Life

• Homes were close to one another; 150 acre plots were for farming (not necessarily next to home)

• High population density = Watchfulness – 500 people per sq. mile

• The Meeting House was the “center.”

New England: Community Life

Farm-land

Farm-land

Farm-land

Farm-land

Farm-land

Farm-land

Boston Common Today

Land Divisions

• One person (John Goodnow) grew crops in five separate spots

• Homes in clusters with Meeting House in center

• Town Commons = grazing land

Sudbury, MA 1639-1656

New England: Family Life

• Family = Backbone of community

Stability– 80% of children reach adulthood– Life expectancy was 15-20 years longer than in

Virginia• Family Organization

– Father: “True head” of family– Mother: Managed households; often became

“deputy husbands”– Children: Provided labor force

• Sex = Natural & ok; but acceptable only in….

Marriage

New England Colonies(1620-1700)

I. Intro

II. Why?

III. Plymouth (1620)

IV. Massachusetts Bay

A. Founding (1630)

B. Dissenters• Witches

V. New England Society

A. Community

B. Family

Key Terms• Puritans• Pilgrims• John Winthrop• Roger Williams• Anne Hutchinson• Salem Witch Trials