New England Colonies (1620-1700) I.Intro II.Why? III.Plymouth (1620) IV.Massachusetts Bay A.Founding...
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Transcript of New England Colonies (1620-1700) I.Intro II.Why? III.Plymouth (1620) IV.Massachusetts Bay A.Founding...
New England Colonies(1620-1700)
I. Intro
II. Why?
III. Plymouth (1620)
IV. Massachusetts Bay
A. Founding (1630)
B. Dissenters• Witches
V. New England Society
A. Community
B. Family
Key Terms• Puritans• Pilgrims• John Winthrop• Roger Williams• Anne Hutchinson• Salem Witch Trials
Two Dominant Religions In England
Roman Catholic Anglican
(Church of England)
Puritans: Purify Church of all Catholic influences
Pilgrims: “Radical” Puritans who wanted to separate from Anglican Church
Netherlands = Religious Freedom
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Major Religions In Europe
(ca. 1560)
Pilgrims Land At Plymouth(November, 1620)
• Included about 100 settlers
• About half died within six months
First Thanksgiving (1621)
• Thanksgiving = Indians & Pilgrims work together
Pilgrim’s Legacy1.First permanent
English settlement in New England
2.Pilgrims = VERY small in number
Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630)
• John Winthrop delivers “City on a Hill Sermon”
• Included 11 ships; 700 passengers
Great Puritan Migration(1610-1660)
• Persecution in England led to dramatic increase in settlement
• By 1700 population was 93,000 in ALL of New England
Massachusetts Bay Colony
• Influential leader• Governor of the colony
13 of its first 19 years• Church & State were
closely intertwined:– “Blue Laws”
John Winthrop
(1588-1649)
Dissenter
• Minister who called for separation of Church & State.
• Declared the colony had no legal right to own land.
• Banished in 1635; moved to “Providence” and began his own colony.
Roger Williams
(1603-1683)
• Rhode Island practiced religious toleration.
Dissenter
• A mother of 14 children• Challenged the authority
of ministers• Declared she had direct
revelations from God• Put on trial and
banished; later killed by Indians
Anne Hutchinson
(1591-1643)
Williams & Hutchinson
• Puritans did NOT necessarily support freedom of religion; they supported the right to practice their religion freely.
Salem Witch Trials(1692)
• In April, several girls began to act strangely
• Tituba, an African slave, and two others were accused of witchcraft; accusations grew
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Rev Cotton Mather’s Book Provided Brief Trial Narratives
• Over 300 were accused of witchcraft & 20 were executed
Petition For Bail From Accused Witches (1692)
Pattern• Accusation = Guilty
Verdict• Guilty Verdict = Execution• To avoid execution, a
confession was needed
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Salem Witch Trials(How Could This Happen?)
• Economics: social class & income conflict• Puritan’s Goal: “City Upon a Hill”
New England: Community Life
• Homes were close to one another; 150 acre plots were for farming (not necessarily next to home)
• High population density = Watchfulness – 500 people per sq. mile
• The Meeting House was the “center.”
New England: Community Life
Farm-land
Farm-land
Farm-land
Farm-land
Farm-land
Farm-land
Boston Common Today
Land Divisions
• One person (John Goodnow) grew crops in five separate spots
• Homes in clusters with Meeting House in center
• Town Commons = grazing land
Sudbury, MA 1639-1656
New England: Family Life
• Family = Backbone of community
Stability– 80% of children reach adulthood– Life expectancy was 15-20 years longer than in
Virginia• Family Organization
– Father: “True head” of family– Mother: Managed households; often became
“deputy husbands”– Children: Provided labor force
• Sex = Natural & ok; but acceptable only in….
Marriage
New England Colonies(1620-1700)
I. Intro
II. Why?
III. Plymouth (1620)
IV. Massachusetts Bay
A. Founding (1630)
B. Dissenters• Witches
V. New England Society
A. Community
B. Family
Key Terms• Puritans• Pilgrims• John Winthrop• Roger Williams• Anne Hutchinson• Salem Witch Trials