The 13 American Colonies

Roanoke 1580s – The Lost Colony

Poorly planned and supplied Failed due to hunger and

bad relations with the Native Americans.

John White returned in August 1590 to find no colonists on Roanoke Island.

On one of the trees was written CROATOAN.

Jamestown-1607

Jamestown (1607)

1st SUCCESSFULEnglish Colony in America.

Joint Stock Company- a company backed by investors. Each investor receives a piece of the company called a share.

Virginia Company of London

Hardships in Jamestown

Swampy Location

Malaria

Lack of clean water

Misguided work ethic

Climate

Native American conflict

The Starving Time (1609-1610)

Success in Jamestown

John Smith-1st successful leader

Success under Smith:

Instilled a strong work ethic

“He who will not work, shall not eat.” –John Smith

Built a wall around Jamestown

Worked w/ the Powhatan Tribe

Success continues…

John Rolfe – arrives in Jamestown in 1610 Brought Tobacco to America

Slave labor was introduced Indentured servants- A person

under contract to work for another person for a definite period of time (5-7 years), usually without pay but in exchange for free passage to a new country.

Became the main cash crop- a crop grown and sold for profit

Free Enterprise Business not interfered with by

government Colonists farmed the land for profit Private land ownership expanded

VA House of BurgessesStart of Representative Government

1619 – Virginia Company allows creation of a representative body. The House of Burgesses was the 1st legislature in the colonies. Gave people a voice in their

government

Ten towns sent 2 representatives called burgesses to an assembly

July 30 – House of Burgesses met at a church in Jamestown

A Review of Jamestown (Virginia) 1607

Created by Virginia Company of London Joint Stock Company created colony to make profit for

investors

Many hardships faced John Smith helped make the

colony successful

John Rolfe’s tobacco plant created wealth

Created House of Burgesses in 1619 First representative body

(legislature) in American colonies

The New England Colonies

Plymouth Colony of Massachusetts 1620

Pilgrims-a religious group who separated from the Church of England

Mayflower Compact (1620)- established the idea of self-government and majority rule in the colonies.

The 1st Thanksgiving- Samoset & Squanto- NA who spoke

English Negotiated a peace treaty with the

Pawtuxet tribe Showed the Pilgrims successful

farming methods Created a trade alliance

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Puritans- a religious group who left England to escape persecution by King James.

Great Migration-20,000 Puritans left England to settle in New England

John Winthrop- 1st

Governor/Preacher of Massachusetts Bay Colony

“New England Way” of Life-duty, godliness, hard work, & honesty.

John Winthrop

Rhode Island Colony 1636

Roger Williams kicked out of Massachusetts Believed in the separation

of church and state

Thought the Native Americans should be treated fairly

Roger Williams

New Hampshire 1623

John Mason wanted to start a colony for fishing and tradePortsmouth

Expanded by John Wheelwright in 1638Some Puritans seek

more freedoms

Atlantic Cod

Connecticut Colony 1636

Established by Thomas Hooker Dissatisfied with lack of

freedoms in Mass.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut: The 1st Constitution in the

colonies

Extended voting rights to non-church members

Limited the power of the government

Expanded representative government

Thomas Hooker

The Middle Colonies

New York New Jersey Originally New

Netherlands founded by the Dutch 1624◦ Taken for its trade

routes & commerce

Became English in 1664

Given to the James, Duke of York (later James II)

Originally part of New Netherlands

Became English in 1664

Land sales and religious freedom

Given by James, Duke of York to friends Berkeley and Carteret

Pennsylvania 1681

William Penn-founder of Pennsylvania Land given to William Penn

to as repayment for a loan

Established for the Quaker religion

Penn insisted on also paying the Native Americans for their land

William Penn

Delaware 1638 Originally settled by the

Swedes (Sweden) 1643-1655

Taken over by the Dutch 1655-1664

Taken over by the English when they took New Netherlands

Maryland and Pennsylvania both claimed until 1704

The Southern Colonies

Maryland 1632

Founded as a refuge for English Catholics

Welcomed all Christians Toleration Act 1649- required

religious tolerance in Maryland; basis for the 1st

Amendment

Lord Baltimore

The Carolinas 1663

Founded in 1663

Split into North and South in 1712

Georgia 1732

Place to send debtors

Keep the Spanish and Seminoles from attacking from the south

Strict rules; no slaves, no alcohol

James Oglethorpe