The 13 American Colonies
Roanoke 1580s – The Lost Colony
Poorly planned and supplied Failed due to hunger and
bad relations with the Native Americans.
John White returned in August 1590 to find no colonists on Roanoke Island.
On one of the trees was written CROATOAN.
Jamestown-1607
Jamestown (1607)
1st SUCCESSFULEnglish Colony in America.
Joint Stock Company- a company backed by investors. Each investor receives a piece of the company called a share.
Virginia Company of London
Hardships in Jamestown
Swampy Location
Malaria
Lack of clean water
Misguided work ethic
Climate
Native American conflict
The Starving Time (1609-1610)
Success in Jamestown
John Smith-1st successful leader
Success under Smith:
Instilled a strong work ethic
“He who will not work, shall not eat.” –John Smith
Built a wall around Jamestown
Worked w/ the Powhatan Tribe
Success continues…
John Rolfe – arrives in Jamestown in 1610 Brought Tobacco to America
Slave labor was introduced Indentured servants- A person
under contract to work for another person for a definite period of time (5-7 years), usually without pay but in exchange for free passage to a new country.
Became the main cash crop- a crop grown and sold for profit
Free Enterprise Business not interfered with by
government Colonists farmed the land for profit Private land ownership expanded
VA House of BurgessesStart of Representative Government
1619 – Virginia Company allows creation of a representative body. The House of Burgesses was the 1st legislature in the colonies. Gave people a voice in their
government
Ten towns sent 2 representatives called burgesses to an assembly
July 30 – House of Burgesses met at a church in Jamestown
A Review of Jamestown (Virginia) 1607
Created by Virginia Company of London Joint Stock Company created colony to make profit for
investors
Many hardships faced John Smith helped make the
colony successful
John Rolfe’s tobacco plant created wealth
Created House of Burgesses in 1619 First representative body
(legislature) in American colonies
The New England Colonies
Plymouth Colony of Massachusetts 1620
Pilgrims-a religious group who separated from the Church of England
Mayflower Compact (1620)- established the idea of self-government and majority rule in the colonies.
The 1st Thanksgiving- Samoset & Squanto- NA who spoke
English Negotiated a peace treaty with the
Pawtuxet tribe Showed the Pilgrims successful
farming methods Created a trade alliance
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Puritans- a religious group who left England to escape persecution by King James.
Great Migration-20,000 Puritans left England to settle in New England
John Winthrop- 1st
Governor/Preacher of Massachusetts Bay Colony
“New England Way” of Life-duty, godliness, hard work, & honesty.
John Winthrop
Rhode Island Colony 1636
Roger Williams kicked out of Massachusetts Believed in the separation
of church and state
Thought the Native Americans should be treated fairly
Roger Williams
New Hampshire 1623
John Mason wanted to start a colony for fishing and tradePortsmouth
Expanded by John Wheelwright in 1638Some Puritans seek
more freedoms
Atlantic Cod
Connecticut Colony 1636
Established by Thomas Hooker Dissatisfied with lack of
freedoms in Mass.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut: The 1st Constitution in the
colonies
Extended voting rights to non-church members
Limited the power of the government
Expanded representative government
Thomas Hooker
The Middle Colonies
New York New Jersey Originally New
Netherlands founded by the Dutch 1624◦ Taken for its trade
routes & commerce
Became English in 1664
Given to the James, Duke of York (later James II)
Originally part of New Netherlands
Became English in 1664
Land sales and religious freedom
Given by James, Duke of York to friends Berkeley and Carteret
Pennsylvania 1681
William Penn-founder of Pennsylvania Land given to William Penn
to as repayment for a loan
Established for the Quaker religion
Penn insisted on also paying the Native Americans for their land
William Penn
Delaware 1638 Originally settled by the
Swedes (Sweden) 1643-1655
Taken over by the Dutch 1655-1664
Taken over by the English when they took New Netherlands
Maryland and Pennsylvania both claimed until 1704
The Southern Colonies
Maryland 1632
Founded as a refuge for English Catholics
Welcomed all Christians Toleration Act 1649- required
religious tolerance in Maryland; basis for the 1st
Amendment
Lord Baltimore
The Carolinas 1663
Founded in 1663
Split into North and South in 1712
Georgia 1732
Place to send debtors
Keep the Spanish and Seminoles from attacking from the south
Strict rules; no slaves, no alcohol
James Oglethorpe
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