Chapter 2: The American Colonies Emerge Section 2: An English Settlement at Jamestown.
English American Colonies
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Transcript of English American Colonies
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English American Colonies
Section 2
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England’s Early Exploration
John Cabot- sailed to America for England
Arrived in Canada (Nova Scotia) Never returned from 2nd voyage England doesn’t hunt for colonies
(no money, Spain has claim, no gold)
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The Reformation
1517- Martin Luther accuses Catholic church of corruption
Protestant Reformation begins Ideas of Luther lengthened by John
Calvin Believed that churches should decide
their individual leaders, not the pope or king
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The English Reformation Henry VIII is
king of England Wants a male
heir Wife- Catherine
of Aragon has a daughter
Catherine is the king of Spain’s aunt
Henry wants a divorce
The Pope, as leader of the church, will not grant it (didn’t want to trouble Spain)
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The English Reformation
Henry starts the Church of England (Anglican)
The Anglican Church kept all of the organization and rituals of the Catholic Church
Some Anglicans began to want to Purify the Catholic influences
Called Puritans
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Economic Changes in England
1500- lords own land and rent to tenant farmers
Early 1500s, there is a huge demand for English wool
Lords fence in land and start sheep farms
Called enclosure movement Many tenants evicted By 1550, wool prices fall Joint-stock companies formed to find
new market Joint-stock company- individuals pool
$- share in profit & loss
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Roanoke
England supports privateers to raid Spanish shipping
Need a base to function in America Walter Raleigh founds a colony to be
a base Colony called Roanoke Governor of colony goes back to
England to get supplies Delayed 3 years When he returns, colony is
abandoned
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Jamestown - Early Trouble
Jamestown founded by Virginia Company
Most colonists did not know how to hunt, farm, or fish
Upper-class colonists decline to work
A tough leader emerged- John Smith Traded with home Native Americans
for food
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Tobacco Saves Jamestown
First couple years were tough and unproductive
New crop made Jamestown profitable- tobacco
Tobacco was John Rolfe’s scheme
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The House of Burgesses
To draw settlers, colonists are allowed to elect local officials
New reprehensive body called House of Burgesses
First legislature in the colonies
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Headright System
Promised 50 acres to anyone who paid for voyage to Jamestown
Also, an additional 50 acres for every person that came with you, over 15 year old
Caused families to immigrate
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A Royal Colony
Great immigration to Jamestown results in a Native American assault
King is tired of unrest Makes Virginia a royal colony Royal colony- overseen by governor
who was appointed by the king
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Founding Maryland
Founded by George Calvert, Lord Baltimore
Baltimore is Catholic- but sociable to King James
Needs a secure place for Catholics Colony named Maryland The majority of settlers were
Protestants