Macromolecules

Macromolecules

Monomers make up polymers (macromolecules)

PolymerizationPolymerization: Smaller units called monomers join together to make polymers

1. Carbohydrates-They are made of: Carbon, hydrogen,

oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1-Are sugars (words ending in “ose”)

-Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy. Plants use carbs for structural purposes.

  

Simple Sugars(Monosaccharides & Disaccharides)

-The human body can only use sugar in the simplest form (monosaccharides).

examples: glucose (C6H12O6,), galactose, fructoseDisaccharides are double sugars. examples: -sucrose (C12H22O11) consists of glucose

and fructose. “-ose” and “saccharide” mean SUGAR

 lactose consists of galactose and glucose

Polysaccharide One polysaccharide = Many monosaccharides

Plants store sugar in polysaccharides known as starches

Animals store sugar in polysaccharides known as glycogen

2. Lipids Monomers: Glycerol & Fatty Acids NOT soluble in water (insoluble)3 categories: fats, oils, waxesStore energy, & important parts of

biological membranes and waterproof coverings.

Examples: steroids, hormones (chemical messengers), fat, oil, soap

Monomers of Lipids

Saturated VS Unsaturated

3. Nucleic Acids -Nucleic acids are polymers made from

monomers called nucleotides.  

Examples of Nucleic Acids? We all contain them….

Nucleic Acid = DNA, RNA,…

4. Protein-Proteins are polymers of monomers

called amino acids.

In living things, proteins make up cellular structures. Also, enzymes are proteins.

Protein Shape  The shape of a protein is extremely

important.The function of a protein is based on it’s shape!

Enzymes (a protein) speed up chemical processes in the body.

What happens if the enzyme is denatured (changes shape)?

“Ase” means enzyme. Ex. Lactase (breaks down lactose)

To Review…

What is a monomer? What is a polymer?

What are the 4 macromolecules & their monomers?

What macromolecule is an enzyme?

Polymerization Get 2 dixi cups and 2 spoons.

In Cup 1: Add 3 teaspoons of glue and 3 teaspoons of water.

In Cup 2: Add 1 small teaspoon of borax and 3 teaspoons of water.

Bring back to your group. Mix both cups VERY WELL. SLOWLY add borax/water little by little into

glue/water.

Why does this happen??

Polymerization

Enzymes!