Macromolecules. Monomers make up polymers (macromolecules)
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Transcript of Macromolecules. Monomers make up polymers (macromolecules)
Macromolecules
Macromolecules
Monomers make up polymers (macromolecules)
PolymerizationPolymerization: Smaller units called monomers join together to make polymers
1. Carbohydrates-They are made of: Carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1-Are sugars (words ending in “ose”)
-Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy. Plants use carbs for structural purposes.
Simple Sugars(Monosaccharides & Disaccharides)
-The human body can only use sugar in the simplest form (monosaccharides).
examples: glucose (C6H12O6,), galactose, fructoseDisaccharides are double sugars. examples: -sucrose (C12H22O11) consists of glucose
and fructose. “-ose” and “saccharide” mean SUGAR
lactose consists of galactose and glucose
Polysaccharide One polysaccharide = Many monosaccharides
Plants store sugar in polysaccharides known as starches
Animals store sugar in polysaccharides known as glycogen
2. Lipids Monomers: Glycerol & Fatty Acids NOT soluble in water (insoluble)3 categories: fats, oils, waxesStore energy, & important parts of
biological membranes and waterproof coverings.
Examples: steroids, hormones (chemical messengers), fat, oil, soap
Monomers of Lipids
Saturated VS Unsaturated
3. Nucleic Acids -Nucleic acids are polymers made from
monomers called nucleotides.
Examples of Nucleic Acids? We all contain them….
Nucleic Acid = DNA, RNA,…
4. Protein-Proteins are polymers of monomers
called amino acids.
In living things, proteins make up cellular structures. Also, enzymes are proteins.
Protein Shape The shape of a protein is extremely
important.The function of a protein is based on it’s shape!
Enzymes (a protein) speed up chemical processes in the body.
What happens if the enzyme is denatured (changes shape)?
“Ase” means enzyme. Ex. Lactase (breaks down lactose)
To Review…
What is a monomer? What is a polymer?
What are the 4 macromolecules & their monomers?
What macromolecule is an enzyme?
Polymerization Get 2 dixi cups and 2 spoons.
In Cup 1: Add 3 teaspoons of glue and 3 teaspoons of water.
In Cup 2: Add 1 small teaspoon of borax and 3 teaspoons of water.
Bring back to your group. Mix both cups VERY WELL. SLOWLY add borax/water little by little into
glue/water.
Why does this happen??
Polymerization
Enzymes!