Lipids

Lipids = fats that are mostly energy storing molecules

Hydrophobic

Two “Monomers” = glycerol and fatty acids

Lipids

Monomers

Glycerol contains the hydroxyl (OH) group.

Fatty acids contain the carboxyl (COOH) group.

Structure of a Lipid

Dissolves in water (hydrophilic)

Does not dissolve in water (hydrophobic)

Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Saturated Fats have a strong link to arthrosclerosis (hardening of the arteries due

to plaque buildup). Take a look at the structure of these two fats, and explain why.

Clogged Arteries

Steroids• Lipids where carbon skeleton contain four rings

Review Guide!!!!

2. Lipids

Lipids (Fats/Oils) – Section 3.8 pg. 40

• A.K.A. ______________________• Structure:

– Glycerol “head” and 3 fatty acid tail

• _________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________

CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2

CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2

CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2

• Function: _________________________– 9 calories / gram of triglyceride– Now make a Venn diagram

• Saturated vs. Unsaturated

Saturated Fats

• Saturated:– Straight tails– Not healthy– No double bonds in the fatty acid tail – Solid at room temperature– Dense, compact, can pack together easily. (EW!)

• Ex - Butter

Unsaturated Fats

• Contain C=C double bonds in one or more of the fatty acid tails

• Liquid at room temperature• Better for you

– Ex – Olive Oil• Bent Tails

Both

• Glycerol head with three fatty acid tails• 9 calories/gram• Energy storage• Contain Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), & Oxygen (O)• Triglycerides

Proteins

Proteins Monomers: Amino AcidsStructure of Amino

Acids: Amino Group, Carboxyl Group, and an

R GroupR Group: chemical group that varies between the 20 different amino acids

(everything else stays the same)

Protein FunctionMost important role = Enzymes!

An enzyme is a chemical catalyst that speed up and regulate almost all

chemical reactions in cells.

Structure = Function

Globular Proteins Fibrous Proteins

• Found in enzymes, some hormones, and hemoglobin

• Can dissolve in water (hydrophilic)

• Found in skin, tendons, bones, and muscles

• Do not dissolve in water (hydrophobic)

Linking Amino Acids!

Review Guide!!!!

3. Proteins

PROTEINS

• Always contain nitrogen.• Amino Acids are the building blocks.

Amino group Carboxyl group

proteins

• Amino acids are connected through: Dehydration synthesis

• Dipeptides are made from _2_ amino acids

• Polypeptides are made from _3+_ amino acids

• The long chains “scrunch up” through chemical bonds and form a ribbon structure. The shape of a protein determines its function.

Functions of proteins

1. Enzymes!!!! MOST important function

2. Structural proteins (hair, ligaments, etc.)

3. Contractile proteins (muscles)

4. Defensive proteins (antibodies)

5. Signal proteins (hormones / messengers)

6. Receptor proteins (signal transmitters)

7. Transport proteins (deliver O2 around the body)

8. Storage proteins (egg yolk, milk, plant seeds, etc.)

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids: 3.14 PG 46Two Types: ● DNA = Deoxyribonucleic acid● RNA = Ribonucleic acidMonomers: Nucleotides Key Functional Group: Phosphate Group

More information to come in our DNA unit!

- Complimentary bases

- Transcription

- Translation

Review / Studying

• Please use the following materials to review for this unit test:

– PowerPoint Presentation Notes!– Organic Molecules Review Guide!– Organic Molecules Worksheet!– Biochemistry Study Guide!