Post on 06-Feb-2018
DMEDME - in Heavy Duty Diesel Enginesin Heavy Duty Diesel Engines
Henrik Landälv Volvo Powertrain Corporation
at EffShip seminarEffShip seminar
2010-11-16
ContentContent
- Introduction - The drivers for alternative fuels
DME f t- DME features- Volvo DME history
- DME technology for heavy duty vehicles
-Conclusions
Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 22010-11-16
The drivers for future fuelsThe drivers for future fuels
• Climate gas emissions D l ti f• Depletion of energy sources
• Security of energy supply y gy pp y• Exhaust emissions • Urbanization •• …
Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 32010-11-16
Emission levels - overview PM
(g/kWh)
Euro 2 (95/96)
0,15
US 04 US 98
0,10
Euro III (00/01)
US 10
,
Japan pPNLT (13?)
Japan pNLT (09/10)
US 10
Tier IV-B (14)
US 07
pPNLT (13?)
Euro VI(12/13)
NOx (g/kWh)Euro IV (05/06)
Euro v (08/09)
0,02
0,01
Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 42010-11-16
7,05,03,52,00,70,25 0,4
DME has the highest land use efficiencyRME
Ethanol f wheat
Ethanol f wood- European conditions
S V lEthanol f wood
Synthetic diesel from wood
- Source: Volvo
Synthetic Diesel - black liquor
DME / Methanol - wood
DME / Methanol - black liquor
km / ha year20000 4000 6000 8000 10000Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 52010-11-16
km / ha year20000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Relative energy densityRelative energy density
PRESSURE [bar][ ]
FUEL 1 5 200 700
Diesel 100 - - -
DME 0 17 55DME 0.17 55 - -
Methane 0.10 0.50 20 52
Hydrogen 0.03 0.20 5.8 13
LNG (-163C) 61 - - -
Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 62010-11-16
DME as energy carrierDi-Methyl EtherDME
gy
CH3-O-CH3
• A multi source and multi purpose fuel• High well to wheel energy efficiency • High yields of transport work per hectare and year
S it bl h d i• Suitable as hydrogen carrier• Infrastructure and safety similar to LPG• An ideal fuel for the efficient diesel process• An ideal fuel for the efficient diesel process • Potential for ultra low exhaust emissions and reduced noise• Non toxic and environmentally benignVolvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 72010-11-16
Non toxic and environmentally benign
Historic i tpicture
gallery
2007
Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 82010-11-16
CO2 neutral transportsCO2 neutral transports … with biomass derived fuels
BiogasSyntheticdieselFAME DME Biogas
+FAMEMethanol or
Ethanol Biogas+H2
Brochure available
Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 92010-11-16
3 trucks for DME4 in Stockholm 10-09-06
06.30 Göteborg06 30 Götebo g
14.30 Stockholm
Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 102010-11-16
ContentContent
- Introduction - The drivers for alternative fuels
DME f t- DME features- Volvo DME history
- DME technology for heavy duty vehicles
-Conclusions
Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 112010-11-16
DME handling
• Vehicle filling with DME coded spill free MannTek couplingspill free MannTek coupling
• Lubricity and odorant additives mixed in when loading the DME trailer
Additiv bottle + couplings
Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 122010-11-16
DME technology for heavy duty trucks• A modified diesel truck• Preserved engine efficiency • Increased transient torque q• Meets regulated emissions with
less exhaust after treatment • Reduced noise
Engine control unit
DME fuel
EngineDME injector HP pump
DME tank system incl. control unit
Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 132010-11-16
DME technology for HD trucksgy
f
400 bar pump
Piping and filters
Two pumps increase the pressure with ~8bar
Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 142010-11-16
DME engine development g p- improvements from endurance testing
DME injector valve seats modified• DME injector valve seats modified• Improved material in exhaust valves
BPG #0928001
DME injector detail
1 mm
Exhaust ValvesDME engine in test cell
Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 152010-11-16
Exhaust ValvesDME engine in test cell
Features of 3G DME truckFeature Actual CommentB i 13 lit 6 lBase engine 13 litre, 6-cylFuel supply Common railRated power 440 hpRated power 440 hpEmission control EGR, Ox-cat No DPF and no SCR system
National permit( )Emission level Euro V EEV (Very low PM emissions)
Fuel consumption ~ diesel eq.~ 800 km with larger tanks
Range (40ton) ~ 400 km 800 km with larger tanks
for later field test vehiclesDrive by noiseTarget 80 dBA) 77 6 dBA
Combustion and engine noise are noticeably lowerTarget 80 dBA) 77,6 dBA noise are noticeably lower
Start torque improvedLow rev torque not limited by smoke emissions
Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 162010-11-16
Combustion chamber optimizationp• At low NOx conditions
CO is the major 60
jemission from a DME fuelled engine Diesel piston, ∅8940
50
O [g
/kW
h]
• DME adapted pistons result in significantly lower CO even at
20
30
Spec
ific
CO
lower CO even at same NOx-level
DME piston, ∅920
10
S
• Larger flame/air interface
00 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Specific NOx [g/kWh]
Euro VIEuro VI
Results from Chalmers PhD project”DME in the Diesel process”
Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 172010-11-16
DME in the Diesel process
ConclusionsConclusions
- DME has good fit to the “drivers” for alternative fuels
DME l l l k th t f t bli h d- DME largely lacks the support from established economic interests
- DME simplifies diesel engine technology at today’s and future emission levels
- DME in diesel process is soon ready to move from advanced engineering to commercial applications
Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 182010-11-16
Thank you!y
Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landälv 192010-11-16