DMEDME - in Heavy Duty Diesel Enginesin Heavy Duty Diesel Engines

Henrik Landlv Volvo Powertrain Corporation

at EffShip seminarEffShip seminar

2010-11-16

ContentContent

- Introduction - The drivers for alternative fuels

DME f t- DME features- Volvo DME history

- DME technology for heavy duty vehicles

-Conclusions

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landlv 22010-11-16

The drivers for future fuelsThe drivers for future fuels

Climate gas emissions D l ti f Depletion of energy sources

Security of energy supply y gy pp y Exhaust emissions Urbanization

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landlv 32010-11-16

Emission levels - overview PM

(g/kWh)

Euro 2 (95/96)

0,15

US 04 US 98

0,10

Euro III (00/01)

US 10

,

Japan pPNLT (13?)

Japan pNLT (09/10)

US 10

Tier IV-B (14)

US 07

pPNLT (13?)

Euro VI(12/13)

NOx (g/kWh)Euro IV (05/06)

Euro v (08/09)

0,02

0,01

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landlv 42010-11-16

7,05,03,52,00,70,25 0,4

DME has the highest land use efficiencyRME

Ethanol f wheat

Ethanol f wood- European conditions

S V lEthanol f wood

Synthetic diesel from wood

- Source: Volvo

Synthetic Diesel - black liquor

DME / Methanol - wood

DME / Methanol - black liquor

km / ha year20000 4000 6000 8000 10000Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landlv 52010-11-16

km / ha year20000 4000 6000 8000 10000

Relative energy densityRelative energy density

PRESSURE [bar][ ]

FUEL 1 5 200 700

Diesel 100 - - -

DME 0 17 55DME 0.17 55 - -

Methane 0.10 0.50 20 52

Hydrogen 0.03 0.20 5.8 13

LNG (-163C) 61 - - -

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landlv 62010-11-16

DME as energy carrierDi-Methyl EtherDME

gy

CH3-O-CH3

A multi source and multi purpose fuel High well to wheel energy efficiency High yields of transport work per hectare and year

S it bl h d i Suitable as hydrogen carrier Infrastructure and safety similar to LPG An ideal fuel for the efficient diesel process An ideal fuel for the efficient diesel process Potential for ultra low exhaust emissions and reduced noise Non toxic and environmentally benignVolvo Powertrain91515 H.Landlv 72010-11-16

Non toxic and environmentally benign

Historic i tpicture

gallery

2007

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landlv 82010-11-16

CO2 neutral transportsCO2 neutral transports with biomass derived fuels

BiogasSyntheticdieselFAME DMEBiogas+FAME

Methanol orEthanol Biogas+H2

Brochure available

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landlv 92010-11-16

3 trucks for DME4 in Stockholm 10-09-06

06.30 Gteborg06 30 Gtebo g

14.30 Stockholm

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landlv 102010-11-16

ContentContent

- Introduction - The drivers for alternative fuels

DME f t- DME features- Volvo DME history

- DME technology for heavy duty vehicles

-Conclusions

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landlv 112010-11-16

DME handling

Vehicle filling with DME coded spill free MannTek couplingspill free MannTek coupling

Lubricity and odorant additives mixed in when loading the DME trailer

Additiv bottle + couplings

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landlv 122010-11-16

DME technology for heavy duty trucks A modified diesel truck Preserved engine efficiency Increased transient torque q Meets regulated emissions with

less exhaust after treatment Reduced noise

Engine control unit

DME fuel

EngineDME injector HP pump

DME tank system incl. control unit

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landlv 132010-11-16

DME technology for HD trucksgy

f

400 bar pump

Piping and filters

Two pumps increase the pressure with ~8bar

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landlv 142010-11-16

DME engine development g p- improvements from endurance testing

DME injector valve seats modified DME injector valve seats modified Improved material in exhaust valves

BPG #0928001

DME injector detail

1 mm

Exhaust ValvesDME engine in test cell

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landlv 152010-11-16

Exhaust ValvesDME engine in test cell

Features of 3G DME truckFeature Actual CommentB i 13 lit 6 lBase engine 13 litre, 6-cylFuel supply Common railRated power 440 hpRated power 440 hpEmission control EGR, Ox-cat No DPF and no SCR system

National permit( )Emission level Euro V EEV (Very low PM emissions)

Fuel consumption ~ diesel eq.~ 800 km with larger tanks

Range (40ton) ~ 400 km 800 km with larger tanks

for later field test vehiclesDrive by noiseTarget 80 dBA) 77 6 dBA

Combustion and engine noise are noticeably lowerTarget 80 dBA) 77,6 dBA noise are noticeably lower

Start torque improvedLow rev torque not limited by smoke emissions

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landlv 162010-11-16

Combustion chamber optimizationp At low NOx conditions

CO is the major 60

jemission from a DME fuelled engine Diesel piston, 8940

50

O [g

/kW

h]

DME adapted pistons result in significantly lower CO even at

20

30

Spec

ific

CO

lower CO even at same NOx-level

DME piston, 920

10

S

Larger flame/air interface

00 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

Specific NOx [g/kWh]

Euro VIEuro VI

Results from Chalmers PhD projectDME in the Diesel process

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landlv 172010-11-16

DME in the Diesel process

ConclusionsConclusions

- DME has good fit to the drivers for alternative fuels

DME l l l k th t f t bli h d- DME largely lacks the support from established economic interests

- DME simplifies diesel engine technology at todays and future emission levels

- DME in diesel process is soon ready to move from advanced engineering to commercial applications

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landlv 182010-11-16

Thank you!y

Volvo Powertrain91515 H.Landlv 192010-11-16