WORLD WAR II
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Transcript of WORLD WAR II
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WORLD WAR II1939-1945
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Axis vs. Allies (pre-war)• AXIS POWERS (1937)
▫ Italy▫ Germany▫ Japan
• ALLIED POWERS▫ GB (1939)▫ France (1939)▫ USSR (1941)
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Failure of League of Nations•League of Nations used policy of
APPEASEMENT▫What is appeasement?▫Giving in in hopes that the aggressor will stop
•Examples:▫Allowing Japan’s invasion of China to go
unpunished▫Allowing Italy’s colonization of Ethiopia to go
unpunished… and…
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Munich Conference• Hitler wants Sudetenland
but takes all of Czechoslovakia.
• He was given permission to take Sudetenland through the Munich Agreement orchestrated by GB Prime Minister Chamberlain…known as the APPEASEMENT POLICY
Stalin not invited…not trusted by westerners…he was annoyed
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Munich Agreement “To the East!”
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Appeasement• Who is sitting in a circle?
• Who seems to be left out?
• How do you think the one left out feels?
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Hitler wants Poland• Hitler wants to unite all
German people displaced by Treaty of Versailles▫ Therefore wants to take
the Polish Corridor
• GB and France pledge to defend Poland…so Hitler seeks an ally…Stalin
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Non-Aggression Pact• Hitler seeks friendly
agreement with Stalin1. Not to fight one another2. Split Poland
• Stalin agrees…due to USSR slighted by the Munich Conference
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Non-Aggression Pact
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Germany Invades Poland-Sept 1939• Germans use BLITZKRIEG
▫ “Lightening Attack”1. Air Raids2. Tank Invasions3. Ground Troops
▫ Initial targets are: Military bases Industrial sites;
factories Communication centers
Influenced by Napoleon’s strategies of bomb first…
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Hitler in Scandinavia
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Hitler Invades France• Through BELGIUM…sound
familiar
• Pushes through the Maginot Line with not problem…it was a trench system
• French pushed to the Atlantic coast … many saved by British naval aid; Battle of Dunkirk, but not enough
• France eventually falls to Germany
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France Surrenders
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VICHY FRANCE
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Battle of Britain-July 1940-Jan 1941• Hitler needs to take GB to
win the war• GOAL: air raids to
eventual amphibious invasion
• Air raids never weaken GB enough…Hitler’s plan ruined▫ Ultra▫ Radar
• Winston Churchill states, “Never was so much owed by so many to so few”
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Battle of Britain
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“V for Victory”
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Hitler Invades Soviet Union• Hitler breaks Non-
aggression Pact in June, 1941 and invades USSR
• Invades and controls Balkan States and most of Eastern Europe before invading USSR
• Hitler wants USSR to create more living space or “lebensraum” for his Aryan race…and wanted to eradicate more Jews
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US and Japan• President Roosevelt’s embargo
on Japan put tremendous stress on the Japanese war machine
• Japan decides to seek revenge on US…thus the bombing of Pearl Harbor
• Early Sunday, Dec 7, 1941 Japanese successfully attack the US Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
• US declares war on Japan and its Axis Allies ▫ “…a date which will live in
infamy”
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Allies vs. Axis Powers-Dec 1941 •Great Britain•Soviet Union•United States•France
•Germany•Italy•Japan
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Axis Lose in North Africa• The German tank
commander Erwin Rommel, “Desert Fox” meets his match in El Alamein in North Africa.
• Allies win North Africa gaining control of important oil supplies
• Allies also have easier access into Italy
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Battle of Stalingrad – August 1942• Germans losing in USSR
and try to take industrial city of Stalingrad
• Germans lured into city and then surrounded by Soviet army…Germans forced to surrender due to lack of supplies and the RUSSIAN WINTER
• Soviet begin to push the Germans out of USSR
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Italy Falls to Allies• Mussolini slowing losing
control of Italy▫ People question his role
in WWII▫ Economy weakening▫ People losing faith in
fascist ruler• Allies invade through
Sicily, Mussolini flees to the hills, and people quickly surrender to Allies-Sept 1943 & join Allies
• Mussolini will be later be executed by his own people
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Execution of MussoliniCaught by Italians he was shot and then hung in the Piazza in Milan
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D-Day –June 6, 1944• Operation Overlord• GOAL: Liberate France
▫ August 25, 1944• US, GB, Canadian troops• Landed on the beaches of
Normandy, France-fooled Germans…expected them to land in Calais.
• Included:▫ 3000 landing crafts▫ 2500 other ships▫ 500 naval vessels▫ 13,000 air craft
• 2500 Allies lost• 20,000 Germans lost by August
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Germany Falls• With the Allies moving in
on Germany from East and West…Germany in another 2 front war.
• Russia invades Berlin in April 20, 1945
Hitler commits suicide April 30
Germany surrenders May 7, 1945
V-E Day!!
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Hitler’s Suicide
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Victory in Europe – May 8, 1945
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Pacific Theater• Kicked off by bombing of
Pearl Harbor
• By end of 1942▫ Japan conquered 1+
million sq miles of Pacific▫ controlled 150+ million
people
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Battle of Midway – June 1942• Turning point in Pacific• US destroys most of
Japanese Fleet• Japanese begin to retreat
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Island Hopping• US begins strategy called
“island hopping”▫ take Japanese controlled
islands one at a time pushing them toward Japan
• US pushed Japanese back to Japan but they would not surrender…
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Hiroshima-August 6, 1945• After a warning to
…“surrender or face prompt and utter destruction” the Japanese do not heed the warning.
• United States drops “little boy” on the city of Hiroshima
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Nagasaki- August 9, 1945• After Hiroshima, Japan
still did not surrender…
• So US dropped “fat man” on the city of Nagasaki
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Before
After
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V-J Day- September 2, 1945• Japan finally surrenders to
the United States August 15, 1845
• Signs treaty September 2, 1945
• World War II – officially over
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Surrender ceremony aboard the USS Missouri
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