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Materials Matter: Design Trends for a Sustainable Future

Cheryl A. Ciecko AIA, CSI, ALA, LEED AP, GGP

Senior Technical Director WoodWorks The Wood Products Council

Cheryl A. Ciecko ALA, AIA, LEED AP, CSI, GGP WoodWorks – Senior Technical Director / Architect

The Wood Products Council

“The Wood Products Council” is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request. This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

Copyright Materials

This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction,

distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is

prohibited.

© The Wood Products Council 2012

Learning Objectives At the end of this program, participants will be able to:

1. Utilize the Carbon Sequestered in wood to respond to the Architecture 2030 Challenge for Products.

2. Evaluate materials through scientific measurement of ‘green’ through Life Cycle Assessment &

Environmental Product Declarations.

3. Evaluate various forestry certifications and

building health and safety issues with regard to

materials.

4. Recognize the benefits of using wood materials as evidenced in a variety of innovative wood project

examples.

Why wood?

Why choose

any material?

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Life Cycle Assessment – 1960’s

http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/std/lca/pdfs/600r06060.pdf

Consider system boundaries…

Product Use or

consumption

Life Cycle Assessment

Raw Materials

Acquisition

Materials Manufacture

Product Manufacture

Final deposition; incineration;

landfill; recycle or

reuse

Waste out

Emis

sion

s ou

t Energy In

Emis

sion

s ou

t Energy In

Emis

sion

s ou

t Energy In

Emis

sion

s ou

t Energy In

Emis

sion

s ou

t Energy In W

aste out

Waste out

Waste out

Waste out

Reuse & Recycle

From cradle to grave… or cradle to cradle.

Life Cycle Assessment Tools

http://www.athenasmi.org/ http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/

oae/software/bees/

*Products

*Assemblies

Environmental Product Declarations

Requirements for LCA: ISO 14040

Requirements for EPDs: ISO 14025

Report LCA data…

GreenHs Gas Emsns Water Pollution Acid Rain Resource Depletion Energy Use Solid Waste

The next wave of ‘eco-labeling’….

Environmental Product Declarations

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LCA: Materials Comparasins

www.corrim.org (Consortium for Research on Renewable Industrial Mtls)

Material

Net Carbon Emissions

(kg C/metric ton)

Net Carbon Emissions Including Carbon Storage

Within Material

(kg C/metric ton) 3/

Framing lumber 50 -457

Medium density fiberboard (virgin fiber)

100 -382

Brick 80 80

Glass 150 150

Recycled steel (100% from scrap)

210 210

Concrete 240 240

Concrete block 264 264

Recycled aluminum (100% recycled content)

300 300

Steel (virgin) 660 660

Plastic 580 237

Aluminum (virgin) 4,260 4,260

1/ Values are based on life cycle assessment and include gathering and processing of raw materials, primary and secondary processing, and transportation. 2/ Source: USEPA (2006). 3/ A carbon content of 49% is assumed for wood.

Net Carbon Emissions

Material

Net Carbon Emissions

(kg C/metric ton)

Net Carbon Emissions Including Carbon Storage

Within Material

(kg C/metric ton) 3/

Framing lumber 50 -457

Medium density fiberboard (virgin fiber)

100 -382

Brick 80 80

Glass 150 150

Recycled steel (100% from scrap)

210 210

Concrete 240 240

Concrete block 264 264

Recycled aluminum (100% recycled content)

300 300

Steel (virgin) 660 660

Plastic 580 237

Aluminum (virgin) 4,260 4,260

Life Cycle Assessment - Steel

http://www.steel.org

Life Cycle Assessment - Concrete

http://www.cement.org/basics/howmade.asps

Life Cycle Assessment-Wood

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Carbon Absorbed & Sequestered Carbon Stored

Forestry Forestry Practices

Clearcutting

Deforestation Scientific practice to help

accelerate forest regeneration.

Deforestation

CONVERSION to another use Agriculture & Cattle Ranching

Cattle Ranching 65-70%

Agriculture 25-35%

Logging 2-3%

Sustainable Forestry

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Global Sustainable Forestry

Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes

Global Umbrella organization supported by 149 governments, covering 85% of the world’s forest area

Forest Stewardship Council Addresses social issues w/ international reach into countries where no legal and institutional framework for social rights and values

Global Sustainable Forestry

Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada,

Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany, Italy,

Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Portugal,

Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,

Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United

States

Global Sustainable Forestry

www.pefc.org

PEFC Certified Forestry

Canadian Standards Association • Public land

• Rigorous public participation process

Sustainable Forestry Initiative • Private land • Public land •www.sfiprogram.org

American Tree Farm System

• Affordable certification for family & small forest landowners

Inclusive vs. Exclusive LEED

FSC only LCA NOT considered Wood NOT renewable LEED Accredited professional

required for entire process Expensive

GREEN GLOBES FSC, CSA, SFI, ATFS LCA Wood is renewable Web Based, accessible format Inexpensive ANSI Standard (2009)

Commercial Green Building Rating Systems

GREEN GLOBES

FSC PEFC

ATF

CSA

SFI

LEED U.S.

FSC FSC

BREEAM

FSC PEFC

SFI

ATF

CSA

USGBC is the ONLY certifier in the WORLD that does NOT accept PEFC

Note: Standards endorsed by PEFC include those in Australia, Austria, Belgium,

Brazil, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark Estonia, Finland, France,

Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,

Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States (SFI and ATFS).

103 global ha certified to FSC

210 global ha certified to PEFC

PEFC North America (66%)

FSC North America (35%)

World-Wide Sustainable Forestry

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Acres of Sustainably Managed Forest

0

50

100

150

200

250

CSA SFI FSC ATFS

Hec

tare

s

Forests in North America Source: Sustainable Forestry Initiative, October 2007

Coal Mining = Deforestation

7% Hydro

3% Renewables

2009 Electric Sector Generation

M Please consider the environment before printing this e-mail.

“Dryers help protect the environment. They save trees from being used…”

Think About the Messages…

Glacier National Park 2011

Mountain Pine Beetle Epidemic

Glacier National Park 2011

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Glacier National Park 2011

Richmond Oval – Vancouver Olympics

Architects: Cannon Design Engineer: Fast & Epp Builder: StructureCraft

Exceeding Expectations…

Sustainability

Moisture

Durability

Fire

Materials & Moisture

No building material is exempt…

Condensation (moisture) + Dirt / Dust = MOLD

Moisture + = Mold Food Dust/Dirt

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Managing Moisture is key…

No Kick-out Flashing!

Courtesy www.dryflekt.com

Kick out diverter under siding

Old Growth Wood - 1,000 years old

www.aquatimber.com

Fulton County Stadium, Atlanta,

Georgia,

1965-1997

Durability – based on materials?

Horyuji Temple, Ikaruga,

Nara, Japan 607-711

12th Century, 1374, 1603

Prentice Women’s Hospital, Chicago

Architect: Bertrand Goldberg – Built 1975 Useful life: 37 years???

Many Glacier Hotel, Montana

Built - 1915

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Five Story Wood Structure

1915 - ?

Many Glacier Hotel, Glacier Nat’l Park, MT

Butler Brothers Building – 9 Stories

Built 1906 500,000 s.f.

Butler Square today…

Architect: Harry W. Jones Renovated 1974

Structural System = Long Useful Life?

No Relationship! Reasons for demolition

•Changing Land values •Lack of suitability •Lack of maintenance

http://www.cwc.ca/NR/rdonlyres/67D42613-BF5D-4573-BD43-C430B0B72C08/0/Service_Life_E.pdf

Fire

Heavy Timber resists fires through charring and maintains strength

http://www.awc.org/pdf/tr10.pdf

Heavy Timber Fire Design

CHAR !

Char protects the inner core.

Cold wood Cold wood

Cold wood Heated wood Char Layer

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Fire Resistive Construction Resources

http://www.aitc-glulam.org/shopcart/Pdf/superior%20fire%20resistance.pdf

http://www.awc.org/pdf/tr10.pdf Public Library, Beaverton, OR.

Wood and the Environment: Building Occupant Environment

“the connections that human beings subconsciously seek with

the rest of life”

Biophilia = “love of living systems”

Social psychologist Erich Fromm/Edward Wilson 1980s

Emotional connection…

when people see and touch wood…

Recent Study – Univ. of B.C. / FPI

“…the presence of visual wood surfaces in a room lowered sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation. The SNS is responsible for physiological stress responses in humans.”

“Stress, as measured by sympathetic nervous system activation,

lower in the wood room in all periods of the study.”

Wood = Health Benefits Using wood materials in new ways…

Sentinal Structures

Credit Valley Hospital Beaverton Library, OR

Prairie Island, MN Brentwood Station, BC Bellevue Transit Station Bridges - Norway

Credit Valley Hospital Convention Ctr, Vancouver Sentinel Structures

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and more new ways…

Credit Valley Hospital Vancouver Convention

Center

Richmond Oval Richmond Oval Lincoln Park Pavilion Gilroy High School, CA

Aquatics Facilities

Recreational Facilities

Prairie Island, MN

Aquatic Facilities

Percy Norman Aquatic Center Hughes Condon Marler, B.C. LEED Gold

Photo: naturallywood.com

Solemar Salt-water Baths Bad Durreim, Germany

World’s Largest Wood Dome ?

530 ft. diameter 152 ft. tall Built 1981-83 Seating for 23,000 Architect: McGranahan & Messenger, Tacoma, WA

Tacoma Dome

Superior Dome - Michigan

14 Stories; Diameter of 536 ft. ; 5.1 acres 781 D.F. beams 108.5 miles of fir decking. Snow loading to 60 pounds per square foot & 80 mile per hour winds.

Superior Dome - Michigan

David Clark Photography

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Healthcare

Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Center

Salter Farrow Pilon Architects Inc.

Photos: Tom Davenport

Herrington Recovery Center – Oconomowoc, WI Oconomowoc, WI Owner: Rogers Memorial Hospital Architect: TWP Architecture Structural Engineer: Pujara Wirth Torke, Inc. General Contractor: VJS Construction Services Completed: 2009 Awards: WoodWorks 2010 Green Building Award Environmental Design + Construction 2010 Excellence in Design Non-Profit Healthcare Finalist American Society of Interior Designers Wisconsin Chapter Silver Award for the Healthcare Category SE2 Award (Sustainability Energy Efficiency) Special Citation from the Wisconsin Green Building Alliance

Owner: Rogers Memorial Hospital Arch: TWP Architecture S.E.: Puiara Wirth Torke, Inc. G.C.: VJS Construction Srv.

2010 Green Building Award

Willson Hospice House – Albany, GA

Perkins & Will, Atlanta, GA Jim Roof Creative Photography

Carlo Fidani Peel Regional Cancer Center

Mississauga, Ontario

Farrow Partnership Architects

Centers for the Arts/ Institutional Myrick Hixon EcoPark Building - WI

Whole Trees Architecture, Stoddard, WI

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Branson Convention Center - MO Architect: TVSdesign S.E.: Walter P. Moore

Glulam: TimberWeld Manufacturing Frank Gehry / Gehry International Architects Inc.

Art Gallery of Ontario – Toronto

Bing Thom Architects

Fast+Epp Structural Engineers

StructureCraft Builders

Washington, D.C.

Arena Stage at the Mead Center Arena Stage at the Mead Center

Transportation

Rupert Station – Vancouver, B.C.

Jackson Hole International Airport

Jackson, Wyoming Architects: Gensler Project Type: Airport Expansion & Renovation

Photo: Cheryl Ciecko

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Jackson Hole International Airport

2010 - LEED Silver Certification Building Size: 115,578 s.f. Const. Cost: $30.6 million

Photos: Cheryl Ciecko

Raleigh Durham International Airport

Fentress Architects Denver, CO

Stewart Engineering, Inc. ARUP Engineering

Arquitectura, Inc. – Milwaukee, WI Commercial Wood Design Award 2009

Photos by Arquitectura

Layton Petro Mart --- Greenfield, WI Heavy Timber Braced Frames (HTBF)

Hedmark County, Norway

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers Bridge Engineering 158 March 2005 Issue BE1

The Structural Engineer 16 September 2008

Modern Timber Bridges – 100 yr . Life! Tynset Bridge

Flisa Bridge

230 ft. 184 ft. 171 ft.

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Glulam

Unreinforced (0%) 1% GFRP 2% GFRP 3% GFRP

6.75" x 52-1/2" DF with 6.75" x 0.525" GFRP on tension face

6.75" x 45" DF with 6.75" x 0.9" GFRP on tension face

6.75" x 43-1/2" DF with 6.75" x 1.3" GFRP on tension face

6.75" x 66" DF

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Fiber Reinforce Polymers (FRP)

Tension reinforced Glulam FRP reinforced shearwalls Blast Resistant technology

FRP use in Blast Resistant testing

Blast Testing Results

Before

After

Office / Midrise Wood Core w/ Fiberglass Epoxy

Vertical laminated panel - 22” high x 15’ wide x 39’ long

Encapsulated in fiberglass epoxy weighing 43,000 pounds.

Wood Core w/ Fiberglass Epoxy

Fiberglass wood composite bridge panels side by side being prepared for prefit/shipping

Fire Retardant Treated Wood

Fire- retardant process is throughout the material.

Photo: Hoover Treated Wood Products FRTW cannot provide additional fuel to the fire…

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Podium Structure Marselle Condos Seattle, WA PB Architects

Photo: Matt Todd

Trussed Shear Walls Trussed shear walls

NEESWood Project

Midply Walls

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLhg8YxlzlU

Mid-Ply Shearwalls

Nail in single shear

Nail in double shear

Sheathing Stud or

Plate

Grain direction

89 mm

Stud or Plate

38 mm 38 mm

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Cross Laminated Timber (CLT)

Photos provided by FPInnovations

How does CLT work?

Nine Story Wood Building in UK

Architect: WaughThistleton Architects – London, England

Carbon storage = 210 years of 10% reduction in CO2

Saved 23 weeks…

Melbourne Victoria Harbour at Docklands

Lead Lease – Australia 10 Stories

Post Tensioning Moment connections for Heavy Timber Rapid erection Lightweight Low carbon footprint Earthquake resistant

OFFICE: 3555 Hayden, Culver City, CA

Eric Owen Moss Architects

San Diego, CA

2009 CA Commercial Design Award Winner Tom Bonner Photography

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OneOne

One Realtor Center Tyler, TX Ken Killian Architects Garland, TX

Glulam Shapes = Infinite Possibilities

Art Gallery of Ontario -Gehry

Credit Valley Hospital, Ontario Richmond Oval

Boston Pizza, Vancouver, WA

Norway Bridge

Ås, near Oslo, Norway 2001

Glulam with LVL Tension Lamination

LVL Tension Lam

•Full length- no finger joints

•Greater tensile strength = 3000 psi

Glulam Floor Beams - EWS C415 & Y117

Glulam Design Properties and Layup

Combinations - EWS Y117

University & School Facilities

Bethel University, MN

Roosevelt University, CA

Michael Smith Building

Univ. of British Columbia

CADM Architects Photos by W.I. Bell & Dennis Ivy

EL Dorado High School – WOW!

$2.7 million savings due to use of wood framing!

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Main Street Corridor – 24 ft wide Richmond Christian School

Beaverton Library, Oregon Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs)

Inspirational Projects

Oakland, CA

Skidmore, Ownings & Merrill Architects & Engineers/ Kendall Heaton Architects Glulam Supplier: Western Wood Structures, Inc.

Cathedral of Christ the Light

Cathedral of Christ the Light, CA •110 feet tall •Designed for a 1000 yr. earthquake event •Designed for building life of 300 years

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill

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Belmont Abbey College Chapel

WGM Design, Inc. Lancaster County Timber Frame

Belmont, NC

Bartzen + Ball, PLLC - Architects

The Bishop's Chapel at Roslyn Retreat Center Richmond, VA

Industrial Panelized Roofs

Construction Savings:

• Batt insulation Savings

• Construction Detail Savings

• Construction Time Savings

• Safer Construction

Panelized Roofs

What is Next?! .. Wood Sky Scraper

A design concept of a 36- storey building out of CLT & concrete (Infill CLT

walls and

floors) 20-Stories- CLT Building in Norway…

Sky is the Limit!

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CREE designed structure to be built in Dornburn, Austria

Passivhuis standard … All components - local and prefabricated.

30 stories - tallest timber structure ???

Life Cycle Tower

HBV floor panels Composite action – reinforced concrete and wood

Alternatives for: Reinforced-

concrete floors Conventional steel

composite systems Flexural and two-

way load bearing planks Pre-stressed

steel concrete hollow box floor

The Case for Tall Wood Buildings

How Mass Timber Offers a Safe, Economical, and Environmentally Friendly Alternative for Tall Building Structures www.woodworks.org

Michael Green: The beauty and impact of a wooden skyscraper

Wood Cube vs. Concrete Cube

45450 kg Sequesters

1 ton of GHGs

45450 kg -22% size Generated

2 tons of GHGs

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YHbD_X456BA

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The benefits of using wood… Cost

Faster construction time

Easy to work with

Aesthetics

Sustainability Carbon Renewable

Source: USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis National Woodland Owner Survey. Forests: University of Maryland, MODIS Vegetation Continous Fields; Public Ownership: University of California Santa Barbara Managed Area Database; States: ESRI Data and Maps

Forest ownership in the United States, 2003

A forest that stays… Is a forest that pays.

Private = 57% Public = 43%

WOOD is the ONLY material:

Renewable & provides assurance of Environmental Responsibility regarding production.

Wood is Good! The Future???

http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplgtr/fpl_gtr190.pdf

Resources - FPL Questions?

This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course

Cheryl A. Ciecko WoodWorks

Wood Products Council

Cheryl@woodworks.org

THANK YOU!