Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

Ahmed Afzal Education Sector Response

UNESCO Office, Jakarta

UI Campus, Depok, Jakarta Indonesia

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Session Outline

1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

2. Misconceptions

3. Relevance to University Students

4. UNESCO in the UN Response

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1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

Which one do YOU Trust?

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Conflicting Messages?

1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

Country Impact:

Indonesia

30% of RI Population are Remaja *2010 Census

Magnitude of AIDS among Young

People. Confirmed AIDS Cases:

Time of the infection 5- 10 years prior to symptoms or diagnosis (~15-24 yrs old!)

Increasing Sexual Transmission: 58% of HIV

infections related to heterosexual behaviour

(MOH, Quarterly report July 2011) 4

1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

Global Impact, Vision & Status

Global Impact: ~30 million dead ~34 million living with HIV (end 2010) ~31 years life expectancy in Swaziland

Current Status:

New infections drop 21% since 1997 ART as Prevention/Circumcision 6.6 Million Receiving ART (50%)Low-Dev

New Vision:

Zero new HIV infections Zero discrimination Zero AIDS-related deaths *UNAIDS, http://www.unaids.org/en/ World AIDS Day Report 2011

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1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

Regional Impact

Estimated People living with HIV by end of 2010 - Asia and the Pacific: 4.9 Million*

AP majority living with HIV in 11 countries: Cambodia, China, India,

Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Thailand and Viet Nam. *HIV Asia and the Pacific: Getting to Zero 2011 Report *UNAIDS http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/regions/asiaandpacific/

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India

1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

Country Impact

-6 Million People at High Risk of Infection *HIV Asia and the Pacific: Getting to Zero 2011 Report

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1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

Routes & Rates of

Transmission - Indonesia

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Surveillance reports, National AIDS Programme, MoH Indonesia 2009

1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

Male YKAP (Young Key

Affected Populations) - IDU

(Injecting Drug Users), MSM,

MSW

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Male YKAP at higher risks due to:

often drop out school (or are expelled from) often unskilled and experience economic instability may turn to crime and/or selling sex to obtain money for drugs

in exploitative situations may also lose contact with their families financial challenges seeking health care may take higher risks compared to older KAP may be a higher risk in juvenile detention centers

UNAIDS and UNDCP (1999). Drug Abuse - HIV/AIDS: A devastating combination. UNAIDS, Geneva.

UNODC and the Global Youth Network (2004) HIV prevention among young injecting drug users. UNODC, Vienna. http://www.unodc.org/pdf/youthnet/handbook_hiv_english.pdf

Study among young people in Melbourne attending dance venues, 2009

Illicit drug users 2.3 times more likely to have unsafe sex*

1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

Genderis it an

issue?

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Females at increasingly higher risk:

-Biological

-Social

-Financial

-Moral

-Access

-Stigma

-FSW Condom Use?

-Early Marriage

-Trafficking

-Education Access

-Wife

-GBV (Gender Based Violence)

South Africa Study 1 out of 7 young women acquiring HIV linked to intimate partner violence

Jewkes RK et al. Intimate partner violence, power inequity, and incidence of HIV infection in young women in South Africa: a cohort study. The

Lancet, 2010, 376:4148.

Globally, 50%

of all People

Living with HIV

are Women

Indonesia 28% -

and increasing

1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

Country Impact:

Indicators &Targets

% of young women and men aged 15-24

who both correctly identify ways of

preventing sexual transmissions of HIV

and who reject major misconceptions about

HIV transmission (UNGASS #13 and

MDG #6.3 by 2015)

National Targets:

-95% by 2014 RPJMN and 2015 MDG *UNGASS Country Report

** MoH DRAFT IBBS 2011 Launching WAD 11

1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

Country Impact:

International Comparison

International comparison of Young peoples knowledge of HIV:

*UNAIDS 2010 GLOBAL REPORT Chapter 3: HIV Prevention p.69

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WOW!

1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

Hope?

-ART as Prevention

-Condom Use -Circumcision -One Partner

-Routine Tests -Social Behavior Change

Behavior Change Global Drop in new HIV infections (especially among young

people).

13 *UNAIDS, http://www.unaids.org/en/ World AIDS Day Report 2011

1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

General Young

Population and YKAP (Young

Key Affected Population)

*2011 KPAN/UNICEF YKAP Age Group Disaggregation of Survey & Research

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Population Aged 15-24

*YKAP 15-24

34% Young Sex Workers 38% Young People Who Inject Drugs

29% Waria-Transgender 32% MSM PLHIV -- ? People Affected by HIV and AIDS -- ?

General Young 15-24

Younger, aged

10-14

15-19 20-24

*1 of 3 people engaged in high

risk behaviors are young people

2. Misconceptions?

Where do they come from?

Which one to

trust?

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2. Misconceptions

Leading to Stigma and

Discrimination

Misunderstandings Prejudices Stigma Discrimination

Accessible and accurate

education essential in reducing risk behavior and HIV infections

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2. Misconceptions?

Fear?

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2. Misconceptions?

Parental Opposition?

Really?

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*ActionAid. 2003. The Sound of Silence. Difficulties communicating on HIV/AIDS at schools.

2. Misconceptions?

Negative Campaign?

Myths?

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2. Misconceptions?

Can HIV Spread Through Tears,

Sweat, Mosquitoes, Swimming?

Kissing, hugging, shaking hands,

sitting on toilet seats, sharing

utensils, touching dried blood: All

are thought by many to be risks for

HIV, but they are not.

http://www.thebody.com/

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2. Misconceptions?

Myths

1)HIV & AIDS is a death sentence

2)There is a Cure for HIV. Magic Johnson?

3)Alternative treatments or cure to HIV?

Ozone, Coconut Milk, Vitamin C, Yoga 4)Can't have a baby if you're HIV+ . 5) Infected toothpicks on restaurants tables

6) Infected needles on theater seats

7) Gecko (Tokek) saliva can cure aids

8) Menthol cigarettes kill sperm Singapore 9) Stand upside-down after sex 10) Rinsing private parts with Coca-Cola

11) Child brides can prevent HIV

http://www.thebody.com/ and local media

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3. Relevance to University Students

Gross Enrollment

Rate (GER) of Higher Education

in Indonesia

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Components Year

2005 2010 *)

Age 19 - 23 21.190.000 19.844.485

Students 3.868.358 5.226.450

Public 805.479 1.030.403

Private 2.243.760 2.886.641

Special 48.493 92.971

Religious

based 508.545 571.336

Open

University 262.081 645.099

GER(%) 18,26% 26,34%

*) Population Census, 2010 (Source: Slide Page DIKTI, MoNE July 2011)

Where are the rest of the youth?

What access to they have to education and services?

3. Relevance to University Students

HIV e-Learning

Project

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No Level Schools Students

1 SD 165,755 29,498,266

2 SMP 39,160 10,961,492

3 SMA 22,383 7,533,408

4 Higher Education

2,975 4,565,988

Total* 230,273 52,559,154

10% of Higher Education in Risky Behavior

456,599

e-Learning Distance Course Target 0.2%

10,000

*MoNE 2009

3. Relevance to University Students

What is HIV Preventive Education?

Knowledge, attitudes, values and skills about the scientific, medical, social and behavioral aspects of HIV and AIDS

The development of life skills needed to reduce the risk of HIV transmission, alcohol and drug use and to help young people adopt healthy lifestyles

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3. Relevance to University Students

Life Skills

Education (LSE) - A Part of Character Building

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LSE -Empower Adolescents in Goal Setting,

Decision Making, Communication, and

Negotiation

Delaying sex initiation (Abstinence/Faithful/Values) Decreased number of intimate partners, Being Loyal Increased negotiation skills under stress/pressure Increased awareness of HIV, STI, Condoms Reduced smoking rates Reduced early & unwanted pregnancies(baby dumping) Reduced Alcohol abuse (MIRAS)& Drug Misuse Awareness of trafficking and risks in pornography

3. Relevance to University Students

So how do we get

there?

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MDG-6

National Support

InPres 3/210

KPA 5 M MOU

LSE Curriculum-

School Principal

PIKKIR - BKKBN

e-Learning Social Media

NGO

PKBI Youth Center

UKS and

PKPR* MoH

Ministerial Roles BNN, KemDagri, Kem Kominfo, Kemdikbud, Kepolisian,

BPOM, KemAgama, BKKBN, KemKes

*KesKes (MoH) 4/District Target

(Pelayanan Kesehatan Peduli Remaja)

4. UNESCO in the UN

Response

UNESCO (founded in 1945) is one of 10 Co-Sponsors of UNAIDS(founded in 1994) - the Joint UN Program on HIV and AIDS

UNESCO Lead Ensure good quality education for a more effective HIV response

Responsible for promoting and increasing access to HIV education, school health and adolescent reproductive and sexual health

HIV and AIDS part of Millennium Goals and Education for All (EFA) targets, ESD (Educational for Sustainable Development)

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4. UNESCO in the UN Response

International

Tech. Guidance on Sexuality

Education (ITGSE)

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Sexuality Education Programmes Demonstrating effects on

Sexual Behaviors Research in 87 Countries*

Initiation of sex

Delayed initiation: 37%

Frequency of sex

Decreased frequency 31%

Number of sexual partners

Decreased number: 44%

Use of condoms

Increased use: 40%

Use of other contraception

Increased use: 40%

Sexual risk taking

Reduced risk: 53%

(*ITGSE International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education -

UNESCO, UNFPA, WHO, UNICEF and UNAIDS)

www.unesco.org/aids

4. UNESCO in the UN Response

Situation-Response Analysis of the Education Sector

Response to HIV, Drugs and Sexual Health in 2010

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2004 and Reprinted 2007

Needs Socialization

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ images/0018/001888/188887E.pdf

Summary of current program

since July 2011

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5 Orientation Sessions in 5 Univ. >9,112 Students

4 Modules for University Orientation Session (MoNE)

Vice-Rectors Meeting conducted at (DIKTI/MoNE)

Social Media (twitter) - youth in formal & non-formal

T-Shirt Design Competition (AIESEC) >1,500 Shirts

FGD (Focus Group Discussions) 5 Provinces (ARI)

Regional Social Media Workshop on HIV

10 Question-Quiz www.10teenquiz.com >3,000 Hits

HIV e-Learning Distance Course >1,700 Registered

http://portal.unesco.org/geography/en/ev.php-URL_ID=15170&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

You CAN Do it!

For further Information on UNESCOs response

to HIV and AIDS, please visit: www.unesco.org/aids

or www.unesco.org/jakarta 31

You can become Agents of Social Change! Like ARI..