Chapter 9 French Revolution

When: 1789Where: France, particularly Paris (Hub of the enlightenment)

*Like students overrunning school and breaking down traditional system*Overall

-heavily influenced by Enlightened Ideals-destroyed the old order -established a new order focusing on: individual rights, representative institutions, and loyalty to

country not monarchy.

What Caused the French Revolution: Inequality of the Old Regime

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3 Estates: Orders of People of France1. First Estate: Clergy

a. Less than 1% of populationb. Owned 10-20% of wealth/landc. Paid no real taxes

2. Second Estate: Nobilitya. Around 2% of populationb. Owned 25% of wealth/landc. Little to no taxesd. Mandatory feudal rightse. Can even tax peasants, peasants must comply

3. Third Estate: Commonsa. 98% of population, 40% of Landb. Highly Diverse in Membership wealthy bourgeoisie to poor peasant.c. Bourgeoisie

i. Growing upper class of commonersii. Resented special status of 1st and 2nd Estate

Crisis of Political Legitimacy-Large deficit due to foreign wars-Fiscal struggle between monarchy and nobility

-Need to Increase Taxes-Nobility Opposes-King Louis XV Dies and King Louis XVI Takes Over

-“What I should like most is to be loved”Financial Crisis: Origin of the French Revolution-French Budget of 1780’s

- 50% Interest payments on debt- 25% Maintaining Army- 6% King and Court- 19% On Rest of Country’s Needs

Overall Causes to French Revolution1. Enlightened thought and American Revolution vs. Absolute Rule2. Inequality among the three estates3. Government Financial Crisis

American Revolution and Impact

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Question: Why did the American Revolution take place?Question How did the American Revolution impact the French?

A. Ideological- inspired, enlightened change was a success story in face of tyranny1. Revolution against tyrannical oppression.2. Rational beings created Enlightened Government

B. Practical- added to France’s Economic Woes3. Soldiers, writers, intellectuals all witnessed American Revolution First Hand and

believe a better world is possible.

STUDENTS TAKE OVER THE CLASSROOM FOR REFORM, SOME VIOLENTWhat kind of response do you think might be taken?

Section 2 Politics and The People-Meeting of the Estates General 1789

-Response to Financial Crisis and Hope to Increase TaxesCommon Agreements

1. Constitutional Monarchy2. Protection of Liberties3. Clergy improved

PROBLEM-Each estate sent delegates, however each estate gets only one vote-1st and 2nd Estate always vote together, usually against 3rd estate-Outrages 3rd estate dominated by Bourgeoisie

-Abbe Sieyes writes What is the Third Estate-Third Estate is France

3rd Estate Forms National Assembly

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-Tennis Court Oath-Original meeting place chained off for “repairs”-Met on tennis court and pledged not to disband until they wrote a new Constitution

Storming of the Bastille by the Paris PoorCauses:

-Serious Depression and Famine in France-Poor Harvest Outrageous Bread Prices Bread Riots-Domestic Production Plummets-Unemployment Rises-Rumor: Troops were gathering to end Riots and Chaos

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July 13th 1789

-Angry crowd crashes into Fort/Prison of Bastille

-Searching for guns and ammo

-Governor of Prison is Hacked Apart

-Head placed on Pike and paraded through city

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King Louis XVI“Is this a revolt?”…. Government Official: “No Sire, it is a revolution”

Peasants Revolt And Great Fear-Rural peasants also rose against Noble Lords

-Ransacked Noble Homes-Destroyed Feudal Obligation Papers-Seized land-Didn’t pay their Taxes

-Great Fear-Fear of Noble reprisal

-Fanned flames of Rebellion

-Many Nobles caved and publicly released peasants of all obligations and granted rights.

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-National Assembly: The Rights of Man

-Voted to end Feudalism

-Declared Equality of Taxation

-Inspired by Enlightened thought and American Revolution

-Wrote Declaration of the Rights of Man

-Assisted by what American?

- Listed major rights of French Citizens- Liberty, Property, Security,

- Due Process -Taxes by consent

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-Parisian Women march of Versailles- Paris women fed up with rising bread prices and starving children- Thousands invaded Versailles “We want bread”

-Don’t want to anger hungry women- Look for hated Marie Antoinette:

“We are going to cut off her head, tear her heart out and fry her liver”-Calmer Heads prevail and King is forced back to Paris

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Constitutional Monarchy-Created by National Assembly-King was still Head of State- French Nobility was abolished-National Assembly became the official Legislature

Enlightened Changes-Laissez Faire Economics

-Ended guilds and monopolies-Religious Toleration-Confiscated and sold church lands even to peasants