Thesis Proposal Chapter 2
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Transcript of Thesis Proposal Chapter 2
Republic of the PhilippinesUniversity of the Philippines
Institute of Islamic studies of ,DilimanRomulo Hall Quezon City
A Thesis proposal onThe 1968 Pan – Islam: A case of Tausug participation in the Bangsamoro
Struggle
In Is. -199 (Material and methods in Islamic studies)
Submitted to:Prof. Aisha Flores
Instructress
Submitted by:AlphataJairiUntih
Student
1
Sy -2012-2013
Table of Content
Chapter – II
1-Review of related literature------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
2-Theoritical framework--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
3-Conciptual framework------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
2
Chapter –III-Review of related literature
A-Emergence of Islam: The root cause origin of the Bangsamoro Pan-Islam
Reuben R. Canoy stated in His Book –the Quest for Mindanao Independent, That Karim Amakdum is
said to be the first Arab Missionary to visit Philippines. He came from Malaysia in 1380 and established
the first Islamic mosque in Bwansa and then in Simunul.1
The coming of Islam to the Bangsamoro Homeland was a great challenge to the Bangsamoro people.
They made as the guided and civilized people morally and ethically due to the guidance of Islam that
penetrated their inner most heart and soul. When the MuslimDa-e had reached their Homeland, they
received them in a very acceptable manner in as much as possible that the Muslim Da-e had gotten the
great inspiration to propagate the massage of Islam within the entire Bangsamoro homeland.
Reuben R. Canoy also Mentioned that the new religion brought tremendous changes in the life of
the people , for with it also came a new Alphabet (The Arabic Script)the Moorish arts and sciences
and a form of government - The Sultanate.2
Islamic religion had gained tremendous changes to the Bangsamoro people due to its teaching on
Islamic monotheism including the Islamic arts and scanned. Furthermore,the Muslim Da-e had used
1 Reuben R. Caloy, The Quest for Mindanao Independence (Cagayan de Oro city, Mindanao, Mindanao post publishing company, 1987) p. 25
2Ibid., p. 27
3
in propagating Islamic ,the so-called four theories such as the .Missionary theory ,trade theory
marriage theory in order that Islam will be very effective to be accepted in the mind of the
Bangsamoropeople. In addition under Missionary theory, The Muslim Da-e used their potential
ability to teach Islamic knowledge in the best manner to the inhabitant of the Bangsamoro
homeland. The concentration of the teaching was based on the Quran and the sunnah of the
prophet (SAW)as well as Islamic literature.
Another one they realized that they should use the trade theory sohere, the Muslim Da-e used the
friendship strategy in business dealing .They used to deal Moro people in a business matter honestly
until they convinced them to accept Islam sincerely due to business dealing was very Islamic ally
ethical. So the tendency is that the Moro had embraced Islam through Islamic Economic strategy.
TheirMuslim Da-e had added marriage theory. Theythemselves had sincerely married the daughter
of some Moro people. So the aftermath is that they are connected as family member and they
invited their family to embrace Islamic religion.Then lastly the Muslim Da- e used political theory
which was established in 1450 under sultanate form of government in Sulu when the entire
Bangsamoro people was Islamized socially, politically, comically and spiritually. These four theories
were the determining factors that caused the Muslim Bangsamoro people had embraced Islam.
Another one, Rueben R. Canoy had mentioned that in 1450 Sharif Abu Bakr a Muslim Leader from
Sumatra followed Baguinda he married the latter’s daughters and later became first sultan of Sulu.3
Due to the introduction of political theory under sultanate form of government among the
Bangsamoro people, is that the Moros were made determined people and organized society that
cause them to resist from the early beginning until now they are under the light example of Islamic
doctrine and principle. Reuben R. Canoy also said that the most determined in organized resistance
3Reuben R. Canoy, The Quest for Mindanao Independence (Cagayan de Oro city, Mindanao, Mindanao post publishing company, 1987) p. 27
4
to foreign domination came from the Muslim of Mindanao, particularly those of Sulu, whom Dr.
CeasarMajul described as a fiercely proud and independent people to whom defense of whom in a
way of life had become a religious duty. In his book, Mulsim in the Philippines, Majul writes that it
was Islam that gave them their cohesion and sense of community and institutionalized their loyalty
to their sultan sanctioned their attempts to resist alien rule and gave a religious character of their
patriotism.4
Islamization among the Bangsamoro people is a unifying factor. That pan- Islamic originated to call
the Bangsamoro mind to support the pan –Islamic burning idealism in the realm of propaganda
movement when Islam hadpenetrated the mind and heart of the Moro they engaged themselves to
participate along the line of Islam and pan-Islamic cause among the Bangsamoro people who were
entrusted themselves in the way of Allah (swt).For a Muslim,Islam is always a burning idealism that
cause to serve to a Muslim the so –called realistic Islamic spiritual blessing the Muslim will be easily
participating towards Muslim pan-Islamic motive and activity finally Islam in the third and heart of
the Bangsamoro is the root cause of the Bangsamoro pan-Islam.
B. Pan-Islam: The variable idea to unite bangsamoro people to struggle against colonial aggression
Alrashid I. Cayongcatmentioned ,Thatthe Jabidah killings& did to student demonstration outside
Malacanang palace. one of those who received his training outside the palace walls was a young
Muslim .His name was NurMisuari .He claimed that the become rebel on the grass patches outside
the Malacanang gates following Jabidah scandal.5
4Reuben R. Caloy, The Quest for Mindanao Independence (Cagayan de Oro city, Mindanao, Mindanao post publishing company, 1987) p. 29-305Alrashid I. Cayongcat, Bangsamoro People in Search for Peace, (Manila Philippines, The Foundation of the Advancement of Islam in the Philippines, 1986) pp. 78-79
5
The emergence and outburst of the Jabidah Massacre are the main starting burning idealism of
the Bangsamoro struggle against Philippine colonialism .It is said that the Philippine de-
Islamizationto the Bangsamoro is optimistic to be conducted to the entire Bangsamoro is
homeland .So the immediate action of the Moro intellectually especially NurMisuari that there
should be Islamic revolutionary struggle against Filipino due to that Islam almost can be vanished.
NumMusuari has used Islamic nationalism as a pan-Islamic idea to unite all Bangsamoro people to
struggle against Philippine colonial infidelity.
According to Samuel K Tan they movement of Muslim history is guided by the internal rhythm of the
Muslim struggle somewhat influenceonly by the nature of .Muslim institution and the challenges
comforting them .There are therefore four distinguishable ones of lotion which have ran through
over 400 centuries of struggle since introduction of islam in the 13 th century .These are : 1) The
struggle for political power 2).The struggle for economic progress 3).The struggle for social
destination and 4) the struggle for cultural identity 6
The four distinguishable lines of notion maintained by Samuel K. Tan as the variable that the Moro
had in search for long time ago. Moro had believed if these four ones of motion could be achieved if
these four ones of motion could have the sweetness of real freedom That’s whyMorose are always
in thirst to struggle their right to be free as a destined nation .They fought for freedom in order to
taste the sweetness of a free nation
Samuel K Tan also said that the advent of Islam in the Philippines in about A.D.1280 was not
accompanied by the immediate established of Islamic political structure and institution. If wouldnot
until after almost two centuries of gradual Islamization that what is now the Muslim south
witnessed the rise of a concrete political system called the sultanate of Sulu in A.D.1450 and in
6 Samuel K. Tan. Internationalization of the Bangsamoro Struggle (Quezon City: University of the Philippine Press, 1993) p. 7
6
Maguindanao in A.D.1511. Thus the sultanate period was marked by the struggle of the raja ship
and datushipfor the maintenance of their independence until Islamization inevitably led to the
consolidation and centralization of political authority in the sultan who was the symbolic
embodiment of Islam.The sultanate therefore ,which integrated the data ship for raja ships as the
foundation and level of the political system presented a blinding of Islam and the inodorous political
culture .This is what can be regarded as the Muslim political tradition that has figured in the
subsequent struggle against colonialism,impirealism and neocolonialism.7
The history of the political existence and emergence of sultanate in the Bangsamoro .Homeland is
the reason that serves as a burning idealism that why Bangsamoro should have to struggle then
right in a deletion the bitterness of colonialism imperialism and neo-colonialism which are done by
the colonial aggressor is also a reason of the Bangsamoro Islamic revolution . Samuel K Tan also
mentioned in his book to Muslim secessionist the Jabidah affair clearly demonstrate the Filipino
leaderships regard for Muslim minority in the country the revelation of JabinArula the Muslim
youths were recreated and trained for a subversive and sabotage mission against their Muslim
brothers and kinsmen in Sabah Reade the Muslim in the Philippines and the ummahrealize that as
Filipinos their nights to life liberty and happiness were not guaranteed and protected sy the very
government expected to ensure these nights consequently to the muslim perception Filipinos as an
ideology is limited and relevant only to the aspiration of the Christian majority in the country this
brought to a powerfull focus the convergence in the muslim curiousness of their historical loses to
colonialism andFilipinismincluding .The last and most sensitive –their Islamic identity.8
7Samuel K Tan, internationalization of the bangsamoro struggle(Quezon city: university of the
Philippines press, 1993) p.7
8Samuel K Tan , Internationalization of the bangsamoro struggle(Quezon city: university of the Philippines press, 1993) p. 21
7
According to Samuel K Tan in the late sixties ,10the Muslim struggle was ideologically anchored an a
semi-conservative view that the Muslim were Filipinos and thus historically constituted a part of the
Filipinos state somehow were long neglect by the government compelled them to seek
independence from the Philippines.9
The Philippines abandonment on the Bangsamoro in terms of social justice is a reason of the moro
depression and desperation and this made them to realize that they should find their way an
fighting the reality existing in their society .Samuel K Tan also mentioned that miscarries ideology
‘’Moro Nation’’ long before Spanish colonialism. It was never port of the Filipino Christian
community 10
The leaders of the Bangsamoro Islamic revolution especially Nurmisuare had used pan –Islamic
concept as a was unifying factor to unite the whole bangsamoro people in the name of
islamregandles of tribe nationality and race .The moromuslim elders give to used to convence all the
moropeople that the Islamic revolution and struggle are basedan the principle of the qunas and
surrah .The pan-Islamic revelations conducted by the Moro Islamic revolutionaries was made as a
vehicle of the moro masses to participate themselves along the way of jihad fi sabillah (Struggle in
the way of Allah).
II- Theoretical framework
Theory of ethno symbolism
This study suits the use of Armstrong and smith’s theory of ethno symbolism as an approach
claiming that they rely on pre existing texture of myths, memories, values and symbols. According to
9Ibid., p 4310 Ibid., p. 44
8
them the emergence of today’s ration cannot be understanding property without taking their
ethnic forbears into account .In other words the rise of nations needs to be contextualized within
the larger phenomenon of ethnicity which shaped them .Smith contents that such an approach is
more helpful than its alternatives in at least three ways .First it helps to explain which populations
are likely to start a nationalist movement under certain conditions and what the content of this
movement would be. Second this approach enables us to understand the important roles of
memories, values myths and symbols finally the ethno symbolist approach explains why and how
nationalism is able to generate such a wide spread papular support.11
pursuant the theoretical explanation mentioned above .MNLF chairman NuRMisuarI has a
conformity with the ethno-symbolists approach .He was the action of Bangsamoro Islamic revolution
towards self –determination and who led the bangsamorowasnes to achieve the final ending victory
and freedom by using a number of ethnie values consediring the bangsamoro symbols like the moro
flag .MNLF Chairman nurmisuari had conceptualized this flag. The kalimatuttawhid–(monotheistic
word)inside the cresent as lailahaillah(there is no god but Allah)and (muhammadurrasulullah)
-And Muhammad is a messenger of Allah symbolizes Islamic religion .The kris symbolizes the
Bangsamoro weapon which was used as defense against colonial aggression and infidelity .The star
symbolizes one ration state and red color symbolizes .The blood of the Bangsamoromartyng were
slained in the way of Allah (Jihah fee Sabalillah).They dedecated themselves in depending agama
bangsaibanhulah (The Islamic religion the nation and the country )
This is true that values and symbols have played an important task on rationalism as theory stated
above .This sample has pointed out towards finding how the Bangsamoroethnic values generate the
11Fainur G. EstinoJairi, Misuari’s Ideology a critical inquiry on the Islamicity of MNLF ethnic-orientedpagluwas-lungsad (struggle).Thesis most of arts in Islamic studies ,Quezon city ,university of the Philippines –Diliman, April 2007 p. 24
9
strong support to the MNLF Islamic revolution for self –determination .This is proven an the
Bangsamoro strong support through pan-Islamic principle upon .The BangsamoroIslamic revolution
Instrumentalism theory
This theory is founded by Paul Brass.Brass theoretical framework is built upon a few basic
assumption .The first concerns of the variability of ethnic identities ,Brass holds that there is nothing
inevitable about the rise of ethnic identity and their transformation info rationalism .Secondly ethnic
confides do not arise from cultural differences but from broader political and economic environment
that also shapes the nature of competition between elite grouped ,thirdly this compotation will also
influence the definition of the relevant ether groups and their persistence .this is because the
cultural forms values and practices of ethnic groups become political resources for elite in their
struggle for power and prestige. They are transformed into symbols that can facilitate the creation
of a political identity and the generation of great support thus their meanings and contents are
dependent a political circumstances.12
In correlation to the MNLF ,The Bangsamoro term is being used by chairman NurMisuari as identify
of Bangsamoro people when he organized .The Bangsamoro Islamic revolution .This identify is a
nationalism doctrine he used in organizing Bangsamoro struggle together with Bangsamoro pan –
Islamic concept and principle .He made that the Bangsamoro is distinct ration of just
Internal colonialism theory
12Fainur G. EstinoJairi, Misuari’s Ideology a critical inquiry on the Islamicity of MNLF ethnic-orientedpagluwas-lungsad (struggle).Thesis most of arts in Islamic studies ,Quezon city ,university of the Philippines –Diliman, April 2007 p. 26
10
Of the various attempts to refine and tighter the concept that by Michael Hechterin his Internal
colonialism theory is particularly significant. The argument offered by Hechterrefers to the
emergence of elites from peripheral community as ethnic leaders who employ ethnicity as a
resource whereby .They can mobilize support for ethnic nationalist political movements ethnic
censuses these developed when it is articulated in the form of an ethnic nationalist ideology .The
concept of internal colonialism is often criticized on the grounds that it seeks to explain ethnic
nationalist movements solely as responses to economic deprivation .But the internal colonial state is
the state which institutionalized such economic disparities by eructing system at political control
over the deprived peripheral communities and such political control itself plays a crucial role in
influencing the emergence of ethno nationalist response.13
This theory theme for conform on the emergence of the MNLF is an ethno –nationalist movement:
MNLF Chairman NurMisuari in his ethnicity has based ideas under Bangsamoro pan-Islamic revolution
the existence of the MNLF was to depend the Bangsamoro people against Philippine colonialism and
colonial infidelity Bangsamoro mujahedeen must have to celebrate the Bangsamoro from the Philippine
colonial aggression and oppression
III- Conceptual Framework
13Fainur G. EstinoJairi, Misuari’s Ideology a critical inquiry on the Islamicity of MNLF ethnic-orientedpagluwas-lungsad (struggle).Thesis most of arts in Islamic studies ,Quezon city ,university of the Philippines –Diliman, April 2007 p. 26, p. 27
11
Independent variable
The conceptual framework of this study is composed of independent variable, dependent
variable and intervening variable. The independent variable is about the concept of Pan-Islam as a
12
PAN – ISLAM Bangsamoro Islamic Revolutionaries Bangsamoro struggle towards Independence
unifying factor to unite the Tausug in participating the Bangsamoro Struggle. This concept of Pan – Islam
is a burning idealism and force of attraction that’s why all the Bangsamoro tribes were participating the
Bangsamoro struggle since 1968 under the organization of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF).
Islamic teaching on Islamic struggle or Islamic revolution is a main and center of Pan – Islamic Burning
idealism to call the attention mind and heart of the Bangsamoro people to join within the sacred
objective of the Bangsamoro Islamic struggle towards independence
MNLF chairman NurMisuari is a main character who is organizing the Bangsamoro struggle and
revolution. He used to revel the concept of Agama ,Bangsa , Hulah – (The religion , the nation and the
country together with the concept of Pan – Islamic to the Bangsamoro people. This concept was very
strong to catch the sympathy and loyalty to dedicate and engage themselves towards the Bangsamoro
cause and struggle in the way of ALLAH (Jihad fee sabulillah). The MNLF in 1908 revolution’s objective
only to reach the arriving of independence. The Bangsamoro had realized that the only key to achieve
the Bangsamoro freedom is Islamic revolution. So the tendency is thatthe Bangsamoro Islamic
revolutionaries had dedicated their Blood and soul either victory on to the graveyard in order to get the
lasting freedom in the realm of the Bangsamoro Islamic independence state.
Intervening variable
The intervening variable is about the Bangsamoro Islamic Revolutionaries. Due to the strong
impact of the Pan – Islamic introduction and revelation by the MNLF , the Bansamoro People from
NothernMinsupala to southern Minsupala had rushed themselves in participating since 1968 to the
Bangsamoro struggle towards independence. They dedicated their blood soul and wealth in the way of
13
ALLAH when they realized that the Islamic ideologically and they give value in the name of the sacred
Islamic struggle and revolution. The Bangsamoro Islamic revolutionaries have their own principle under
Islam and Pan – Islamic teaching about the essence and the direction of the Bangsamoro Islamic struggle
on how to reach the original objective of tribal fee sabilillah – (struggle in the way of ALLAH called the
final Bangsamoro Islamic independent state. This is the dream and the motive of the Bangsamoro
Islamic struggle and revolution. The determination and patience of the Bangsamoro Islamic,
revolutionaries are seen on their braveness in fighting until to the last drop of their blood. The
resistance of theme is seen until now they are still marching to the goal of the said struggle. They are
always anticipating that there will be the fruit and the final after math on result due to the blessing from
ALLAH (got) – of the sacred Bangsamoro Islamic holy struggle. Truly, there will be the fruit of the blood
of the Moro Martyrs. The Bangsamoro Islamic revolutionaries today are still striving themselves in the
way of ALLAH in order to indicate the internal colonial infidelity which actually occurred at the center
core of the Bangsamoro society. The only solution for colonialization to de – colonize is through just and
Islamic revolution as the only process to center act the external colonialism and internal imperialism in
the Bangsamoro people today needs discipline and realistic Mujahideen and Bangsamoro freedom
fighter to march along the round of Jihad fee Sabilillah (struggle in the way of ALLAH).
Dependent variable
The dependent variable is about Bangsamoro struggle towards independence. When the
concept of the Bangsamoro Pan – Islamic entered to the mind of the Bangsamoro Islamic revolutionaries
the result is the Bangsomoro struggle towards independence. But the Bangsamoro struggle is subject to
14
be realized by the Moro people in order the cure the illness of the revolution. The Bangsamoro struggle
is under to be realized its approach and strategy. The revolutionaries must have to regain their
sentiment, loyalty sympathy and mostly the unity of heart and mind towards Bangsamoro Islamic
struggle. The cause of the Bangsamoro struggle towards independence is due to the existence of the
Philippine colonial infidelity and aggression. In response to their matter , the Bangsamoro had realized
that the only way must to struggle in order de – colonize the colonial transplantation of the Philippine
colonialism and imperialism.
The Bangsamoro people understand through Pan – Islamic introduction and revelation that they should
have to struggle this is the only way to final salvation and lasting peace if they could achieve that final
Bangsamoro Islamic independent state.
15