The Rise and Spread of Islam

The Rise and Spread of Islam

• Time period: 632-present

• Location: Arabian Peninsula• Founder:

Mohamed• Holy Book: Quran –written in Arabic

Words to Know

• Islam submission to god• Muslim

person who follows Islam• Allah

god in Arabic• Mosque Muslim place of worship

Mohamed/Muhammad

• founder of Islam• 570-Born in the city of Mecca

• Mecca= busy trading city on the Arabian Peninsula

• successful businessman who led camel caravans along Arabian trade routes

Mohamed/Muhammad

• had visions of the Angel Gabriel, who told him to recite the word of god

• Mohamed’s teachings were collected and written in the Quran

Mohamed/Muhammad

• 622-forced to leave Mecca for the city of Medina

• this move is called the hejira

• he created the first Islamic city-state in Medina

• 630 -returned and invaded Mecca

• 632 -death of Mohamed

Beliefs/Traditions

• Five Pillars of Islam

• These are the main religious duties of Muslims

• There will definitely be a question on the Regents about the 5 Pillars, so you better know them!

Five Pillars of Islam

• Shadah

belief in one god

• Salat

prayer 5 times a day

• Siyam

to fast from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan

Five Pillars of Islam

• Zakat giving to charity and the poor every year

• Hajj pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca in

Saudi Arabia once in a Muslim’s life

Spread of Islam

• Following the death of Mohamed …

Islam experienced rapid expansion in Afro Eurasia

• Muslim armies marched across WE until they were defeated in France, Battle of Tours, 732

• By the 1400’s, Muslim Empire extended from Spain to India

Rapid Expansion of the Islamic Empire , 7th-8th C

• 636-Damascus became capital city (ME)

• 638-Jerusalem (ME)

• 640-Cyprus (ME)

• 640-Alexandria,Egypt (AF)

• 670-Muslim blockade of Constantinople (EE)

Rapid Expansion of the Islamic Empire , 7th-8th C

• 697-Carthage (AF)

• 711-Toledo, capital of Spain (WE)

• 718- all of Spain (WE)

• 732-southern France until defeated at Battle of Tours (WE)

Umayyad Dynasty 661-750

• Capital city at Damascus (Syria, SWA)

• Arabic became language of many conquered people and helped unify them under Islam

• camel and horse cavalries were faster than traditional armies; empire expanded quickly

Umayyad Dynasty 661-750

• How did the Ummayads treat the people they conquered?

• allowed people to follow own belief systems and culture

• non-Muslims sometimes paid higher taxes• Jews and Christians held important gov’t.

positions • many people converted to Islam in the late

8th century

Umayyad Dynasty 661-750

• For several centuries, most people in the Islamic Empire were neither Muslim or Arab.

• Cross regional and cultural exchange occurred for many years among Christians, Jews, Muslims and polytheistic people.

Hagia Sophia- Istanbul, Turkey

Dome of the Rock-Jerusalem, Israel

Shah Faisal Mosque – Islamabad, Pakistan

Great Mosque at Cordoba, Spain(now a Catholic Cathedral)

African Mosque in Nigeria

Qutb Minar-New Delhi,India

Kaaba—Mecca, Saudi Arabia