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Slide 2 Slide 3 600 1450 Major Developments Spread of Major Religions Rise of New World Religion - Islam Rise of Dar al-Islam Caliphates (Umayyad, Abbasid, Mamluk) New and more regular Trade Systems Trans-Saharan Trade Indian Ocean Trade (Monsoons) Silk Roads Mongol Empire Viking Explorations, Expansion, and Impact Pandemics 14 th Century Slide 4 Slide 5 Continuities 600 - 1450 Classical cultures were maintained or revived Slavery continued to be a major part of many social systems and continued to be a major type of labor system There was no systematic change to social structures and political systems Ex. Landlords remained dominant in most societies Peasants continued to make up the bulk of the population Slide 6 Slide 7 Global Processes 600-1450 Silk Road Trans-Saharan Trade Routes Indian Ocean Trade Routes Muslim Caliphates Mongol Empire Bubonic Plague Slide 8 Slide 9 Major Civilizations 600 - 1450 East Asia: Tang, Song, Ming South Asia: Delhi Sultanate Southeast Asia: Vietnam The Americas: Maya, Aztec, Inca West Africa (Sudan): Ghana, Mali, Songhay Swahili City-States Slide 10 Slide 11 Slide 12 632 Rise of Islam Slide 13 Slide 14 732 Battle of Tours (end of Muslim move into France) Slide 15 Slide 16 1054 1 st Schism in Christian Church Slide 17 Slide 18 1066 Norman conquest of England Slide 19 Slide 20 1071 Battle of Manzikert (Seljuk Turks defeat Byzantines) Slide 21 Slide 22 1095 1 st Crusade Slide 23 Slide 24 1258 Mongols sack Baghdad Slide 25 Slide 26 1271-1295 Marco Polo Travels Slide 27 Slide 28 1324 Mansa Musas pilgrimage Slide 29 Slide 30 1325 - 1349 Travels of Ibn Battuta Slide 31 Slide 32 1347 - 1348 Bubonic plague in Europe Slide 33 Slide 34 1433 End of Zheng Hes voyages Rise of Ottomans Slide 35 Slide 36 (750 C.E.) The Sunni dynasty that overthrew the Umayyads as caliphs Slide 37 Slide 38 (632-634 C.E.) The first caliph; one of Muhammad's earliest followers and closest friends Slide 39 Slide 40 The 4th caliph the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad Caused warfare between the Sunnis and Shi'a for not punishing the murderer of the 3rd caliph, Uthman Slide 41 Slide 42 Kingdom located in Ethiopian highlands; defeated the kingdom of Kush around 300 B.C.E. and succeeded by Ethiopia. Received strong influence from Arabian peninsula eventually converted to Christianity Slide 43 Slide 44 Capital of the Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq Slide 45 Slide 46 (October 25, 732) Charles Martel, the Frankish Leader went against an Islamic army led by Emir Abd er Rahman; the Islamic army was defeated The battle stopped the northward advancement from Spain Slide 47 Slide 48 Eastern Half of Roman Empire following collapse of western half of old empire retained Mediterranean culture, particularly Greek capital at Constantinople Slide 49 Slide 50 Political and religious successors to Muhammad Slide 51 Slide 52 AKA Charles the "Hammer"; led the the Battle of Tours and saved Europe from the Islamic expansion. (732 C.E.) Slide 53 Slide 54 (Formulated 14th century) Way of the Warrior for Japanese samurais defined service and conduct appropriate to their status Slide 55 Slide 56 series of military adventures initially launched by western Christians to free Holy Land from Muslims temporarily succeeded in capturing Jerusalem and establishing Christian kingdoms Slide 57 Slide 58 Social codes of knighthood that originated in France in the Middle Ages associated with ideals of knightly virtues, honor and of courtly love came to known as gentlemanly conduct. Slide 59 Slide 60 male monarch/emperor of Russia Slide 61 Slide 62 warlord rulers of 300 small kingdoms following Onin War and disruption of Ashikaga Shogunate Slide 63 Slide 64 Islamic shrine in Jerusalem; believed to be the site where Muhammad ascended to Heaven Slide 65 Slide 66 a family/group that maintains power for several generations Slide 67 Slide 68 system where lords provided protection/aid to serfs in return for labor Slide 69 Slide 70 obligatory religious duties of all Muslims: confession of faith prayer (5 times a day facing Mecca) fasting during Ramadan zakat (tax for charity) hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) Slide 71 Slide 72 (1170s 1227) from 1206 leader of all Mongol tribes responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China and territories as far west as the Abbasid regions Slide 73 Slide 74 one of four subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after Genghis Khans death territory covered much of present south-central Russia Slide 75 Slide 76 large church constructed in Constantinople during the reign of Justinian Slide 77 Slide 78 organization of cities in Northern Germany/Scandinavia for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance Slide 79 Slide 80 any opinions/doctrines at variance with the established or orthodox position beliefs that reject the orthodox tenets of a religion Slide 81 Slide 82 a continuation of the Roman Empire in central-western Europe (at least, loosely organized/modeled on it) Slide 83 Slide 84 nomadic Mongol tribes Slide 85 Slide 86 (1337 1453) conflict between England and France fought over lands England possessed in France issue of feudal rights vs. emerging claims of nation-states Slide 87 Slide 88 Group of clans centered at Cuzco that were able to create an empire incorporating various Andean cultures Term also used for leader of empire Slide 89 Slide 90 An investigation A tribunal formerly held in the Roman Catholic Church and directed at the suppression of heresy Slide 91 Slide 92 Major world religion originating in 610 CE in the Arabian peninsula literally meaning submission based on the prophecy of Muhammad Slide 93 Slide 94 Compilation of Roman law Slide 95 Slide 96 Grandson of Ghengis Khan commander of Mongol forces responsible for conquest of China became Khan in 1260 established Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1271 Slide 97 Slide 98 An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 100 BCE conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries Slide 99 Slide 100 Great Charter issued by King John of England in 1215 confirmed feudal rights against monarchial claims represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy Slide 101 Slide 102 Country of western Africa During the Middle Ages it formed a huge territorial empire noted as a center of Islamic study and as a trade route for gold Its center was Timbuktu Slide 103 Slide 104 African King who made pilgrimage to Mecca He gave out so much gold, that the value of gold dropped rapidly Slide 105 Slide 106 A Venetian trader that went and learned about China under Kublai Khan Slide 107 Slide 108 Religious Center of Islam where Muslims pray toward Slide 109 Slide 110 Great trading center where Muhammad fled Slide 111 Slide 112 the region extending from central Mexico south to the northwestern border of Costa Rica gave rise to a group of stratified, culturally related agrarian civilizations spanning an approximately 3,000- year period before the European discovery of the New World by Columbus Slide 113 Slide 114 The prophet of Islam born in 570 in clan of Quraysh tribe in Mecca Slide 115 Slide 116 an exclusive right of inheritance belonging to the eldest son Slide 117 Slide 118 military government in 12th century Japan established by the Minamoto retained emperor but real power resided in military government and samurai Slide 119 Slide 120 Chinese dynasty that united the entire country until 1127 and the southern portion until 1279 Slide 121 Slide 122 In the Middle Ages, a judicial procedure that was used to combat heresy in Spain, authorized by Sixtus IV in 1478 the pope later tried to limit its powers but was opposed by the Spanish crown the grand inquisitor Toms de Torquemada was responsible for burning about 2,000 heretics at the stake Slide 123 Slide 124 mystics within Islam responsible for expansion of Islam in southeastern Asia Slide 125 Slide 126 political and theological division within Islam Slide 127 Slide 128 dynasty that succeeded the Sui in 618 C.E. more stable than the previous dynasty Slide 129 Slide 130 center of Aztec power founded on marshy island in Lake Texacoco Slide 131 Slide 132 Islamic Law Slide 133 Slide 134 an Arabic word meaning striving in the way of God but it is often translated as holy war Refers to an armed struggle fought in the defense of Islam to please Allah Slide 135 Slide 136 Nomadic Arabs who originally inhabited desert areas of the Middle East and northern Africa and later began to move to other parts of the region Slide 137 Slide 138 The Medieval Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus and the Maghreb They captured Spain in 700s and were expelled from Spain in 1492 Slide 139 Slide 140 an alphabet derived from the Greek alphabet and used for writing Slavic languages Slide 141 Slide 142 It is a 6th century masterpiece of Byzantine architecture in Istanbul built as a Christian church by Justinian converted to a mosque in 1453 made into a museum in the middle of the 20th century Slide 143 Slide 144 It is a technique for printing used widely throughout East Asia and originating in China sometime between the mid- 6th and late 9th centuries Slide 145 Slide 146 A written number system created during the Gupta golden age in India, then adopted by the Islamic Empire before spreading further Most familiar numeral style (1,2,3, etc.,) used on clock and watch dials Slide 147 Slide 148 a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith Slide 149 Slide 150 A tower attached to a mosque used for call to prayer Slide 151 Slide 152 the native language of a particular locality Slide 153 Slide 154 A style of European architecture prevalent from the ninth to the twelfth centuries, with round arches and barrel vaults influenced by Roman architecture and characterized by heavy stone construction Slide 155 Slide 156 Traditions of the prophet Mohammad that played a critical role in Islamic law and rituals Slide 157 Slide 158 Religion of early Japanese culture; devotees worshipped numerous gods and spirits associated with the natural world offers of food and prayer made to gods and nature spirits Slide 159 Slide 160 The Way of Changes, a Chinese classic written by Lao Tzu around the 3rd century BC It is the fundamental text of Taoism Slide 161 Slide 162 Division of the Christian church when, for a time, there were two popes Slide 163 Slide 164 a man who rules a family, clan or tribe Slide 165 Slide 166 The state church of Greece, an autonomous part of the Eastern Orthodox Church Slide 167 Slide 168 The Christian church characterized by an Episcopal hierarchy with the pope as its head belief in seven sacraments and the authority of tradition Slide 169 Slide 170 A Bantu language along the coast and islands of eastern Africa from Somalia to Mozambique Slide 171 Slide 172 winds from the southwest or south that brings heavy rainfall to southern Asia in the summer method by which Arab merchants travelled Slide 173 Slide 174 number of trade routes from East Asia to Eastern Europe one of the trade commodities was silk Slide 175 Slide 176 Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca Slide 177 Slide 178 elite, educated bureaucrats who ran the centralized government of China Slide 179 Slide 180 Arab scholar and traveler Known for his accounts of his travels Traveled for almost 30 years all over the Islamic world and beyond (North Africa, west Africa, Southern Europe, Eastern Europe, Middle East, India, Central Asia, Southeast Asia and China) Slide 181 Slide 182 Japanese lord who wielded the most power while the emperor was controlled Slide 183 Slide 184 Political, religious and militaristic leader of Islam Slide 185 Slide 186 1271 to 1368, also called the Mongol Dynasty Period of Kublai Kahn and the Mongols dominance over China Slide 187 Slide 188 the language of the Inca empire, now spoken in the Andes highlands from southern Colombia to Chile Slide 189 Slide 190 attempt to merge different traditions or practices and combine them with another tradition (applies also to religions) Slide 191 Slide 192 What China called itself Idea of ethnocentrism by the Chinese Slide 193 Slide 194 West African poet, praise singer and wandering musician considered a repository of oral tradition Slide 195 Slide 196 a small, highly maneuverable, three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish for long voyages of exploration beginning in the 15th century Slide 197 Slide 198 banishment from a certain religion and Church Slide 199 Slide 200 obligatory tax for Muslims used for charity Slide 201 Slide 202 community of the faithful within Islam; creating political unity Slide 203 Slide 204 Islamic month of fasting from dawn to sunset Slide 205 Slide 206 A record-keeping device of the Inca empire consisting of a series of variously colored strings attached to a base rope and knotted so as to encode information used especially for accounting purposes Slide 207 Slide 208 a vast semiarid grass-covered plain, found in southeast Europe and Mongolia Slide 209 Slide 210 Islamic title used for rulers of a Muslim Empire Slide 211 Slide 212 A style of architecture developed in northern France that spread throughout Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries; characterized by slender vertical piers, counterbalancing buttresses and vaulting and pointed arches Slide 213 Slide 214 Western European trade associations grew strongly in the 12th and 13th centuries to protect and promote trade groups Slide 215 Slide 216 Where farming occurs in one place repeatedly As opposed to shifting cultivation Slide 217 Slide 218 Lion prince member of the Keita clan created a unified state that became the Mali Empire died in 1260 Slide 219 Slide 220 Organization of rural economy and society by three classes of land: a lords own land, serf holdings and free peasant land Slide 221 Slide 222 Relationship between lord and serfs where protection is exchanged for crops/labor Slide 223 Slide 224 Herding animals while moving from place to place Slide 225 Slide 226 Popular artistic style in China during the Tang-Song era. Previously popular Buddhist themes are pushed away by the new scholar-gentry classes interested in natures beauty Slide 227 Slide 228 invented in China in the mid-eleventh century Individual characters made of fired clay were assembled and glued onto a plate to create a printing block Introduced in Europe in the 15th century Slide 229 Slide 230 A calculator that performs arithmetic functions by manually sliding counters on rods Slide 231 Slide 232 Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses and bamboo fenders Played major roles in the Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula Slide 233