THE RISE OF ISLAM
Transcript of THE RISE OF ISLAM
![Page 1: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
U N I T I I I
THE RISE OF ISLAM
![Page 2: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
MUHAMMAD THE PROFIT
• From Mecca in modern day Saudi Arabia
• Muhammad was a middle aged merchant who claimed the Angel Gabriel asked him to recite the word of God
• As a Merchant Muhammad had exposure to the ideas of Judaism and Christianity• Maybe even Persians
![Page 3: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
MUHAMMAD TAKES POLITICAL POWER
• Mecca was already a
popular pilgrimage site
• Muhammad was kicked
out because Islam
threatened the pilgrimage
• Muhammad and his
followers went to Medina
• Prayer switches from
Jerusalem to Mecca
• Muhammad became a
political and military
leader
• 630 CE Muhammad takes
back Mecca
![Page 4: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
THE SPREAD OF ISLAM
• Abu Bakr, Muhammad's
successor began
attacking the Byzantine
Empire and recording
the Qur'an
• A vast empire grew out
of the principals of Islam
in just 200 years
• Muhammad's
successors relentlessly
spread the religion
through military
conquest
![Page 5: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
THE RAPID SPREAD OF ISLAM
![Page 6: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
BASIC BELIEFS
• Conquered people do not have to convert, only pay a larger tax.• Followers of Judaism and Christianity are specifically
mentioned in the Qur’an as “people of the book”
Five Pillars of Islam
1. Shahadah- declaring there is no god except God (Allah), and Muhammad is God’s messenger
2. Salat- Prayer five times a day
3. Zekat- Giving 2.5% of one’s savings to the poor
4. Sawm- Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan
5. Hajj- Pilgrimage to Mecca
![Page 7: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
THE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM
![Page 8: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
BASIC BELIEFS
Guiding text:
• The Qur'an
• Absolute Monotheism
• Taking care of those less
fortunate than you
• Hadiths; a collection of
sayings and stories about the
profit Muhammad
A believer in Islam is part of the
Uma or community of believers
Islam becomes a restoration religion
• Muslims believe the Monotheisms before Muhammad had
strayed from purity
• Muslims believe Mohamed was the last profit sent by God
![Page 9: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
SHIA- SUNNI SPLIT
• Root of split goes back
to Muhammad's first
successor
• Abu Bakr, Muhammad's father in law became the
first Caliph
• Many wanted his son in
law, Ali to take over
• Shia Muslims believe the
Caliph should be a
descendent of
Muhammad
• Caliph means
“successor”
• Meaning Abu Bakr was
a “successor” to the
prophet
![Page 10: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
MODERN SHIA- SUNNI DIVIDE
Today Shia Muslims make up 16% of the Islamic population
![Page 11: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
THE ISLAMIC SPLIT HAS SERIOUS RAMIFICATIONS TODAY
![Page 12: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
BAGDAD: THE CENTER OF LEARNING
• The Abbasid Caliphate (750- 1258 CE) became the center for learning
• The Persian ruling class moved the capital to Baghdad• Baghdad becomes the center of learning
• Large library held the work of Greek philosophers, Greek scientist, and Buddhist and Hindu text
• Openness to foreigners and their ideas • Possibly largest blending of cultures since Hellenistic times • Brought to an end by the Mongols
![Page 13: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
IBN SINA (980- 1037 CE)
• Often known by Latin
name Avicenna
• Gained great advances
in the field of medicine
• Created the Canon of
Medicine
• Became the standard
medical text book for
centuries
![Page 14: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
HOW’S THIS FOR A VACATION?
![Page 15: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
IBN BATTUTA (1304-1368 CE)
• Moroccan explorer
• Traveled the known
Muslim world
• Recorded his travels
in the Rihla
(translated to
“Journey”)
• Helped link Africa to
the Islamic World
• The most well
traveled man to date
![Page 16: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
THE ABRAHAMIC TRADITIONS
Judaism est. around
1000 BCE Christianity est. around
40 CE
Islam est. around
600 CE
![Page 17: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
WHAT DO THE ABRAHAMIC RELIGIONS ALL HAVE IN COMMON?
• All three use a religious text that provide guidelines
ethical and moral behaviors as well as how to
govern believers
• Judaism- Torah
• Christians- The Bible
• Islam- The Qur'an
• All three recognize Abraham, Mosses and other
figures from the old testament as important religious
figures
• All three believe in fundamental monotheism
• All three originated in the same region, and claim
several of the same cities as religious holy sites
![Page 18: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
JERUSALEM
![Page 19: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
FUNDAMENTAL DIFFERENCES IN THE ABRAHAMIC RELIGIONS
Judaism
• Judaism does not actively seek converts and the
religion is associated with a group of people
Christianity
• Christians believe Jesus was the son of God (or
Messiah)
• Catholic leaders must remain unmarried
Islam
• Islam is the newest and only Abrahamic tradition to
reference the other two in the holy text
![Page 20: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
MODERN DISTRIBUTION
![Page 21: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
OVER HALF THE WORLD PRACTICES AN ABRAHAMIC RELIGION
![Page 22: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
U N I T I I I
ANCIENT AFRICA
![Page 23: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
AFRICAN RELIGION
• Traditionally African religion was Syncretic• Syncretic can be described as the blending of various ideas
• When Christianity and later Islam arrived, religions were often blended with traditional beliefs
• Can this be a conflict with a Monotheistic religion?
![Page 24: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
SUDANIC EMPIRES
GHANA, MALI, SONGHAI
• All three started in the Sahel
region around the
headwaters of the Niger
River
• These Empires acquired
wealth in gold accumulated
in Trans-Saharan Trade
• Old world importance of
land trade
• Era of pre-European maritime
importance
![Page 25: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
WHAT’S SO GOOD ABOUT BEING A
“MIDDLE MAN?”
• Conversion to Islam was important for trade relationships
• Arab and Berber traders had salt to the north
• Many groups to the southextracted Gold and produced Ivory
• All the trade empires successfully taxed all goods coming through the Empire.
• They were successful in receiving tribute
![Page 26: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
GHANA EMPIRE (830-1235 CE)
![Page 27: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
MALI EMPIRE (1230- 1600 CE)
![Page 28: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
SONGHAI EMPIRE (1430- 1591 CE)
![Page 29: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
TRADE NETWORKS
Salt to the north
Gold to the south
![Page 30: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
MANSA KANKAN MUSA I (MANSA MUSA)
• Very effective ruler, divided the
Empire into different provinces
• Mali became an important
cultural and intellectual center
under Mansa Musa
• Important City of Timbuktu
• Pilgrimage to Mecca 1324.
• Brought thousands of solders
and hundreds of camels
• Flooded the Egyption gold
market with tribute
• Decrease in value from 10 to 25%
![Page 31: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
BANTU MIGRATIONS
![Page 32: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
BANTU MIGRATIONS
• Long complex process
where two groups of
Bantu speakers
eventually linked up
• Bantu based languages
began to dominate the
continent
• This can still be seen today
• The Bantu people
brought new
agricultural practices to
mostly nomadic
peoples
![Page 33: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
MODERN LANGUAGE FAMILY MAP OF AFRICA
• What language
family has the
most land?
• What is
important about
the Niger River?
![Page 34: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
SWAHILI CITY-STATES
• A large scale ocean trading network developed on the Indian Ocean • Chinese, Indian and Arab
merchants all began trading on the East African coast
• Swahili Culture was born• A blend of native Bantu
based languages and Arabic
• Islam became the religion of the area
• City-states such as Zanzibar, Mombasa, and Mogadishu became wealthy through trade
![Page 35: THE RISE OF ISLAM](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020622/61eb4f78e802ad3d222c3b4e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
COMPARED TO EUROPE
• What happens when there is plenty of land and plentiful trade?
• Europe had more blood shed and all conflict was over land
• Europe’s only source of wealth was land
• European monarchs would envy Ghana, Mali’s and Zanzibar’s resources and wealth
• Mali was an intellectual hub while Europe crawled out of the Dark Ages