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Rise, Spread and Pillars of Islam The Rise and Spread of Islam

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Why are so many of the surviving buildings from the Middle Ages, Mosques?

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Lets have a look at some of the earliest Mosques

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Quba Mosque, Medina - 622 Insert Photo of Mosque

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Huaisheng Mosque, Guangzhou, China - 627 Insert Photo of Mosque

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Old Jumma Masjid, Kilakarai, India - 628 Insert Photo of Mosque

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Great Mosque of Kufa, Iraq - 639 Insert Photo of Mosque

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Mosque of Uqba, Kairouan, Tunisia - 670 Insert Photo of Mosque

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Mosque of Amr Ibn al-As, Egypt - 641 Insert Photo of Mosque

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Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem - 705 Insert Photo of Mosque

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Umayyad Mosque, Syria - 715 Insert Photo of Mosque

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Great Mosque of Diyarbakir, Turkey - 1091 Insert Photo of Mosque

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Cordoba Mosque, Spain - 784 Insert Photo of Mosque

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Dzhumaya Mosque, Bulgaria c. 1363 Insert Photo of Mosque

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Are there any areas that overlap? What are the similarities? What is the major difference between the spread in both maps? What do you think the impact of the later arriving Muslims had on the originally Christian communities? Have a look at your map and compare it with your map of Christian Churches.

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Understanding Islam For the west, much of the history of Islam has been obscured behind a veil of fear and misunderstanding (Islam: Empire of Faith) What do you think this statement means? Do you agree/disagree with the statement? What does the word Islam mean to you? What do you know about Islam?

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Understanding Islam We are going to be learning about Islam and the history of the rise and spread of Islam. To do this you will first be introduced to some basic terms that you may/may not be familiar with. Belief SystemChristianityIslam Where do people worship? 1. What is the holy book called? 1. What day of the week do followers worship on? 1. Important leader/diety associated with belief system? 2. Quran Jesus (pbuh) God Mosque Sunday Church Muhammad (pbuh) Friday God Bible

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Understanding Islam We will be watching Part 1 of Islam: Empire of Faith titled The Messenger. This documentary will provide an introduction to Muhammad (pbuh). After viewing the video, you will be required to complete a vocabulary check, so make sure you record any new words. You will also have a timeline to complete; highlighting Muhammads life and events happening at the same time, so take accurate notes. Also take notes on the growth of Islam as this is a key component of our topic.

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Understanding Islam The following timings might help you to plan and focus your notes: 5:00 Muhammad is born 6:01 Age 6 events 12:30 Muhammad as a merchant 13:40 Muhammad (some characteristics) 15:10 Visions 16:40 His message 18:45 Voice of a poet, or voice of God? 19:55 Sceptics 23:50 Following increases 24:00 Tribal leaders response to Muhammad's message 25:25 How are Muhammad's followers treated 25:45 Muhammad's personal losses 26:10 Muhammad asked to negotiate 27:50 A new calendar 28:20 Treatment of those with other beliefs 30:00 Muhammad's revelation relating to prayer (where to face) 31:30 Enemies join forces against Muslims 33:55 Tide of battles turn in favour of Muslims 36:25 Muhammad's troops after victory circle the Kaaba 37:30 Idols destroyed in Kaaba-response by Bedouins 38:55 Muhammad dies 39:48 Who will succeed Muhammad? 40:45 Growth of Islam after Muhammad

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After viewing... What have you learnt? Have any of our misconceptions been cleared up? What are some new words? Vocabulary Test... You may work in pairs! Timeline Activity... Individual or Pairs

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Parallel Timeline Most timelines show dates from a single person, event, or culture. There are also timelines that show links between cultural or geographic groups. These "linked timelines" are parallel timelines, because they show parallels between time periods. You will be creating a timeline comparing Muhammad's life from 570CE (Muhammad's birth) to 632CE (Muhammad's death) with other events that were occurring at the same time outside of the Arabian Peninsula. These other events should be related to another person, another culture, or another geographic region. Plot the events near the appropriate dates on the timeline. Summarize the events in your own words. Have a minimum of eight events on each portion of the timeline. (Eight for Muhammad, and eight for the other person, culture or geographic region.) Create three visuals for events relating to Muhammad, and three for the other portion of the timeline. The visuals need to show a clear connection to the events they represent. Use colour and place visuals close to the events on the timeline.

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Muhammads Life (pbuh) Europe568 570 A new Barbarian invasion brought the Lombards of Alboin to Italy. They reached as far as the southern regions and built a large kingdom, with its capital at Pavia, which was to last for two hundred years. Muhammad (pbuh) is born.

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Belief System of Islam vs Christianity Now that you understand more about the origins of Islam and some of the key terms, you will need to look into how Islam and Christianity are similar/different. This will also give you more of an insight into the belief systems of each religion. You will be given a comparison sheet to work on in pairs, you need to try to fill in as many answers as you can. The answers that you dont know will need to be divided between you and your partner and research will be conducted to complete the sheet. You need to try to use websites that are written by the respective religions to answer each section.

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Comparison of Islam and Christianity Aspect of ReligionIslamChristianity Founded by/Leaders Date Founded Where Founded Major Branches Bible Respected as word of the prophets, but the Bible has been corrupted through the centuries and is only correct in so far as it agrees with the Quran Quran The work of Muhammad. It is not inspired, nor is it scripture. There is no verification for its accurate transmission from the original. Basic Beliefs Major Rituals or Practices Religious Law/Commands Leaving the Faith God and Trinity

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The Spread of Islam

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Mapping the Spread of Islam On your blank map, use a bright colour to mark in Christendom (outline only, do not colour in).

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Birth of Islam and Islamic Empire With the collapse of the Roman Empire and emergence of the Christian Byzantine Empire, a new power was arriving. In a second bright colour, outline the Byzantine Empire.

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Birth of Islam and Islamic Empire The land of Arabia was originally polytheistic. The Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was born in Mecca c. 570CE. Muhammad (pbuh) converted to monotheism in 610CE and started to preach a new religion. This religion drew from and expanded on Judaism and Christianity. His new beliefs angered local officials, so he and his followers fled to Medina in 622CE, this marks the beginning of the Islamic Calendar. Muhammad (pbuh) encouraged more people to follow his religion and in 630CE they returned to Mecca and peacefully captured the city. When Muhammad (pbuh) died in 632CE, most of Arabia had accepted or been forced to accept Islam, and had therefore been united.

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Birth of Islam and Islamic Empire Islamic Empire under Caliph Abu Bakr

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Birth of Islam and Islamic Empire After spreading throughout the Arabian peninsula, Islam looked towards the lands of the Byzantines. The expansion of Islam into Egypt and northern Africa was completed through militarism, but in other areas, Islam was spread through trade and commerce. This era of expansion came under the Rashidun Caliphate. Next, Islam expanded into the Caucasus (Turkey, Iran, Russia), Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan), Pakistan, Northwest Africa and the Iberian Peninsula. This was achieved by the Umayyad Caliphate. This was now the largest empire the world had seen and it is still the 5 th largest empire in history.

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Birth of Islam and Islamic Empire Expansion under Muhammad, 622632, Expansion during the Rashidun Caliphs, 632661,Expansion during the Umayyad Caliphate, 661750 The Caliphate, 622750

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Birth of Islam and Islamic Empire

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Examine your map and the markings of Byzantine Empire and Christendom and your recent additions of the Islamic Caliphates up to the Umayyad Caliphate. What do you notice is similar? What is different? What has happened to religious worship in the Middle Ages?

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Birth of Islam and Islamic Empire During the Umayyad Dynasty, local Jews and indigenous Christians (persecuted and taxed heavily to finance Byzantine-Persian wars) often aided Muslims to take control of Byzantine land this assisted in the fast spread of Islam. Due to the Medina Constitution, the newly conquered Jews and Christians followed their own laws and had their own judges. Towards the end of the Umayyad Dynasty, the Abbasid Caliphs rose to power, claiming they had a greater right to rule as they were a closer descendant of Muhammad (pbuh).

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Birth of Islam and Islamic Empire During the Abbasid Dynasty (750-1261), more people started converting to Islam. At the end of the Umayyad Dynasty, approximately 10% of people in the lands held were Muslim. During the Abbasid Dynasty the Muslim population grew from 40% at the end of the 9 th C to 100% at the end of the 11 th C. Early European sources tend to claim the conversion to Islam was encouraged through the use of the sword, when in reality it was predominantly voluntary. Turkic tribes in central Asia and communities throughout Africa converted to Islam through the influence of trade and commerce. The Abbasid Dynasty is known as the Golden Age of Islam, it was a time of scientific, cultural and religious prosperity and Islamic art and music flourished.

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Birth and Rise of Islam From left; Mustansiriya University, Baghdad; Jabir ibn Hayyan, the father of Chemistry; Ibn al-Haytham the father of optics; and Ali Baba

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Birth and Rise of Islam The Abbasid claims to the caliphate did not go unchallenged and in 909CE the Fatimids claimed the title of Caliph, ruling much of North Africa. Eventually the Fatimids rule was reduced to Egypt. The Abbasids lost a lot of territory to various new caliphates and eventually lost almost all control due to the arrival of Muslim Turkic tribes known as the Seljuks. The Abbasid Caliph remained the head of the Islamic community but the Seljuks had the power.

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Birth and Rise of Islam

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What do you notice is happening to Christendom from this map?

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Birth and Rise of Islam The end of the Golden Age of Islam came with the arrival of the Mongols who developed a powerful empire (2 nd largest in history) ruled by Genghis Khan.

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Birth and Rise of Islam

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Due to the continual decline of the Seljuks a new group started to dominate Anatolia the Osmanli. Under Osman I, this group assisted the Seljuks in battles with the Byzantines and eventually their power and influence led to control of Anatolia. Eventually the Ottomans would extend their influence throughout Europe (conquering the Byzantines), the Middle East and Asia and thus increasing the spread of Islam.

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Birth and Rise of Islam

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Task: ABC book of Islam As a team, you will be involved in creating the ABC Book of the Fascinating World of Islam. You will work as part of a team where each member will be assigned approx. 5 letters of the alphabet. Your book needs to focus on the following categories (you may choose others; you MAY NOT focus on the Crusades): - Muhammad - Muslims who made major contributions - Cities of Importance - Expansion of Islam - Art and Architecture - Inventions and Innovations

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Example page: M is for Mosque The Umayyad Mosque is located in Damascus, Syria and is one of the largest and oldest Mosques in the world. This Mosque was completed in 715CE and is considered by some Muslims to be the fourth holiest place in Islam. The tomb of Salah al-Din is also located here.