Chapter 6 The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
The Rise and Spread of Islam
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Transcript of The Rise and Spread of Islam
The Rise and Spread of Islam
The Rise and Spread of Islam
• Time period: 632-present
• Location: Arabian Peninsula• Founder:
Mohamed• Holy Book: Quran –written in Arabic
Words to Know
• Islam submission to god• Muslim
person who follows Islam• Allah
god in Arabic• Mosque Muslim place of worship
Mohamed/Muhammad• founder of Islam• 570-Born in the city of Mecca
• Mecca= busy trading city on the Arabian Peninsula
• successful businessman who led camel caravans along Arabian trade routes
Mohamed/Muhammad
• had visions of the Angel Gabriel, who told him to recite the word of god
• Mohamed’s teachings were collected and written in the Quran
Mohamed/Muhammad
• 622-forced to leave Mecca for the city of Medina
• this move is called the hejira• he created the first Islamic city-state in
Medina• 630 -returned and invaded Mecca• 632 -death of Mohamed
Beliefs/Traditions
• Five Pillars of Islam• These are the main religious duties of
Muslims• There will definitely be a question on the
Regents about the 5 Pillars, so you better know them!
Five Pillars of Islam
• Shadah belief in one god• Salat prayer 5 times a day• Siyam
to fast from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan
Five Pillars of Islam• Zakat giving to charity and the poor every year
• Hajj pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca in Saudi
Arabia once in a Muslim’s life
Spread of Islam
• Following the death of Mohamed … Islam experienced rapid expansion in Afro
Eurasia• Muslim armies marched across WE until
they were defeated in France, Battle of Tours, 732
• By the 1400’s, Muslim Empire extended from Spain to India
Rapid Expansion of the Islamic Empire , 7th-8th C
• 636-Damascus became capital city (ME)• 638-Jerusalem (ME)• 640-Cyprus (ME)• 640-Alexandria,Egypt (AF)• 670-Muslim blockade of Constantinople (EE)
Rapid Expansion of the Islamic Empire , 7th-8th C
• 697-Carthage (AF)• 711-Toledo, capital of Spain (WE)• 718- all of Spain (WE)• 732-southern France until defeated at
Battle of Tours (WE)
Umayyad Dynasty 661-750
• Capital city at Damascus (Syria, SWA)
• Arabic became language of many conquered people and helped unify them under Islam
• camel and horse cavalries were faster than traditional armies; empire expanded quickly
Umayyad Dynasty 661-750
• How did the Ummayads treat the people they conquered?
• allowed people to follow own belief systems and culture
• non-Muslims sometimes paid higher taxes• Jews and Christians held important gov’t.
positions • many people converted to Islam in the late
8th century
Umayyad Dynasty 661-750
• For several centuries, most people in the Islamic Empire were neither Muslim or Arab.
• Cross regional and cultural exchange occurred for many years among Christians, Jews, Muslims and polytheistic people.
Hagia Sophia- Istanbul, Turkey
Dome of the Rock-Jerusalem, Israel
Shah Faisal Mosque – Islamabad, Pakistan
Great Mosque at Cordoba, Spain(now a Catholic Cathedral)
African Mosque in Nigeria
Qutb Minar-New Delhi,India
Kaaba—Mecca, Saudi Arabia