The Age of Jackson

Unit 4

Chapters 13-16

New DemocracyPages 256-264

• Rise of the Common Man– Causes / Consequences

• Election of 1824– Clay-Adams Bargain?

• John Quincy Adams– Views– Actions– Issues

Essential Essential Question:Question:Essential Essential Question:Question:

Champion of Champion of the the

“Common “Common Man”?Man”?

““King”King”Andrew?Andrew?OROR

Voting Voting Requirements Requirements in the Early 19cin the Early 19c

Voting Voting Requirements Requirements in the Early 19cin the Early 19c

Voter Turnout: Voter Turnout: 1820 - 18601820 - 1860

Voter Turnout: Voter Turnout: 1820 - 18601820 - 1860

Why Increased Why Increased Democratization?Democratization?

Why Increased Why Increased Democratization?Democratization?3 White male suffrage increasedWhite male suffrage increased

3 Party nominating committees.Party nominating committees.

3 Voters chose their state’s slate of Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors.Presidential electors.

3 Spoils system.Spoils system.

3 Rise of Third Parties.Rise of Third Parties.

3 Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.)floats, etc.)

3 Two-party system returned in the 1832 Two-party system returned in the 1832 election:election:

Dem-Reps Dem-Reps Natl. Reps.(1828) Natl. Reps.(1828) WhigsWhigs (1832) (1832) Republicans (1854) Republicans (1854)

Democrats (1828)Democrats (1828)

The “Common The “Common Man’s”Man’s”

Presidential Presidential CandidateCandidate

The “Common The “Common Man’s”Man’s”

Presidential Presidential CandidateCandidate

Jackson’s Jackson’s Opponents in 1824Opponents in 1824

Jackson’s Jackson’s Opponents in 1824Opponents in 1824

Henry ClayHenry Clay[KY][KY]

John Quincy John Quincy AdamsAdams[MA][MA]

John C. John C. CalhounCalhoun

[SC][SC]

William H. CrawfordWilliam H. Crawford[GA][GA]

Results of the Results of the 1824 Election1824 ElectionResults of the Results of the 1824 Election1824 Election

AA

““CorrCorrupt upt

BargaBargainin?”?”

AA

““CorrCorrupt upt

BargaBargainin?”?”

John Quincy Adams

• Pros– Great Sec of State– Nationalist above party politics

• Advocates internal improvements (roads, canals, universities, etc)

• Advocates Indian negotiations• NOT POPULAR PROGRAMS

• Tariff of 1828– Lose / Lose for Adams

Jacksonian Revolution of 1828Pages 264-272

• Election of 1828– Political revolution?

• Andrew Jackson– Ideas– Spoils System– “Petticoat War”

• Impacts• Union or the rights of states?

Rachel JacksonRachel JacksonRachel JacksonRachel Jackson

Final Divorce DecreeFinal Divorce Decree

Jackson in Jackson in Mourning for His Mourning for His

WifeWife

Jackson in Jackson in Mourning for His Mourning for His

WifeWife

1828 Election 1828 Election ResultsResults

1828 Election 1828 Election ResultsResults

The Center of The Center of Population in thePopulation in theCountry Moves Country Moves

WESTWEST

The Center of The Center of Population in thePopulation in theCountry Moves Country Moves

WESTWEST

The New The New “Jackson “Jackson Coalition”Coalition”

The New The New “Jackson “Jackson Coalition”Coalition”

The Planter Elite in the The Planter Elite in the SouthSouth

People on the FrontierPeople on the Frontier

State Politicians – State Politicians – spoils spoils systemsystem

Immigrants in the Immigrants in the cities.cities.

Jackson’s Faith Jackson’s Faith in the in the “Common “Common

Man”Man”

Jackson’s Faith Jackson’s Faith in the in the “Common “Common

Man”Man” Intense distrust of EasternIntense distrust of Eastern“establishment,” “establishment,” monopolies, & special monopolies, & special privilege.privilege.

His heart & soul was with His heart & soul was with thethe“plain folk.”“plain folk.”

Belief that the common man Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon was capable of uncommon achievements.achievements.

The Reign of “King The Reign of “King Mob”Mob”

The Reign of “King The Reign of “King Mob”Mob”

Andrew Jackson as Andrew Jackson as PresidentPresident

Andrew Jackson as Andrew Jackson as PresidentPresident

The The “Peggy Eaton “Peggy Eaton Affair”Affair”

The The “Peggy Eaton “Peggy Eaton Affair”Affair”

The The Webster-Webster-Hayne DebateHayne DebateThe The Webster-Webster-Hayne DebateHayne Debate

Sen. Daniel Sen. Daniel WebsterWebster

[MA][MA]

Sen. Robert Sen. Robert

HayneHayne[SC][SC]

1830183018301830 WebsterWebster::

Liberty and Union, now Liberty and Union, now andand forever, one and forever, one and inseparable.inseparable. JacksonJackson:: Our Federal Union—it must Our Federal Union—it must bebe preserved. preserved.

CalhounCalhoun:: The Union, next to our The Union, next to our liberty,liberty, most dear. most dear.

Nullification / Battle for the Bank Pages 274-279

• Appeasement of South Carolina?– Issues and legacy

• Recharter Bill of 1832– Political football (Clay vs. Jackson)– Nicholas Biddle

• Election of 1832– Candidates– Firsts

• Death of the Bank– Pet Banks– Hard money vs. soft money

1832 Tariff 1832 Tariff ConflictConflict

1832 Tariff 1832 Tariff ConflictConflict 1828 -->1828 --> “Tariff of “Tariff of

Abomination” Abomination”

1832 --> new tariff1832 --> new tariff

South Carolina’s South Carolina’s reactionreaction??

Jackson’s responseJackson’s response??

Clay’s “Compromise” Clay’s “Compromise” TariffTariff??

Jackson’s Use of Jackson’s Use of Federal PowerFederal Power

Jackson’s Use of Jackson’s Use of Federal PowerFederal Power

VETOVETO

1830 1830 Maysville RoadMaysville Road projectproject in KY [state of his in KY [state of his political rival, Henry political rival, Henry Clay] Clay]

The National Bank The National Bank DebateDebate

The National Bank The National Bank DebateDebate

NicholasNicholasBiddleBiddle

PresidentPresidentJacksonJackson

Opposition to the Opposition to the 22ndnd B.U.S. B.U.S.

Opposition to the Opposition to the 22ndnd B.U.S. B.U.S.

“Soft”(paper) $

“Soft”(paper) $

“Hard”(specie) $

“Hard”(specie) $

state bankers state bankers feltfeltit restrained it restrained theirtheirbanks from banks from issuingissuingbank notes bank notes freely.freely.

supported rapid supported rapid

economic economic growth growth & speculation.& speculation.

felt that coin was felt that coin was

the only safethe only safecurrency.currency.

didn’t like any didn’t like any bankbankthat issued bankthat issued banknotes.notes.

suspicious of suspicious of expansion &expansion &speculation.speculation.

The “Monster” Is The “Monster” Is Destroyed!Destroyed!

The “Monster” Is The “Monster” Is Destroyed!Destroyed! ““pet banks”pet banks”??

1832 1832 Jackson vetoed the Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2 extension of the 2ndnd National Bank of National Bank of thethe United States. United States.

1836 1836 the charter the charter expired.expired.

1841 1841 the bank went the bank went bankrupt! bankrupt!

The Downfall of The Downfall of “Mother Bank”“Mother Bank”The Downfall of The Downfall of “Mother Bank”“Mother Bank”

An An 1832 1832 CartoCartoon:on:

““KingKingAndreAndrew”w”??

An An 1832 1832 CartoCartoon:on:

““KingKingAndreAndrew”w”??

1832 Election 1832 Election ResultsResults

1832 Election 1832 Election ResultsResults

MainMainIssueIssue??

The The Specie Specie CircularCircular (1836) (1836)

The The Specie Specie CircularCircular (1836) (1836) ““wildcat banks.”wildcat banks.”

buy future federalbuy future federalland only with gold land only with gold ororsilver.silver.

Jackson’s goalJackson’s goal??

Indian Removal Act / Texas Pioneers

Pages 279-287• Jackson’s Intentions

• “Trail of Tears”

• Impacts / Reactions

• Texas– Anglo migration– Issues with the Anglos

• The Texas Revolution

Indian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian Removal Jackson’s GoalJackson’s Goal??

1830 1830 Indian Removal ActIndian Removal Act

Cherokee Nation v. GACherokee Nation v. GA (1831)(1831) ** “domestic dependent “domestic dependent nation”nation”

Worcester v. GAWorcester v. GA (1832)(1832)

Jackson:Jackson: John Marshall has made hisJohn Marshall has made his decision, now let him decision, now let him enforce enforce it! it!

The Cherokee The Cherokee Nation After 1820Nation After 1820

The Cherokee The Cherokee Nation After 1820Nation After 1820

Indian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian Removal

Trail of Tears Trail of Tears (1838-1839)(1838-1839)Trail of Tears Trail of Tears (1838-1839)(1838-1839)

Jackson’s Jackson’s Professed “Love” Professed “Love”

forforNative AmericansNative Americans

Jackson’s Jackson’s Professed “Love” Professed “Love”

forforNative AmericansNative Americans

Quotes

• “Indians are essentially inferior to the Anglo-Saxon race….and their disappearance from the human family will be no great loss to the world.” – Henry Clay

• “Our conduct toward these people is deeply interesting to our national character……..” – Andrew Jackson

Southwest and Mexico

• Mexican Independence – 1821– End of the Mission system– Trouble with Native Americans– Empresario system

• Cheap land for American settlers– Tax exemptions

– Issues with the Anglos• Slavery• Population• Trade• Language• Immigration – sealed borders

Texas Independence

• Remember the Alamo!– 187 Texans dead vs. 1500 Mexicans – What about Goliad?

• Stephen Austin / Sam Houston• 1836 – Republic of Texas• 1845 – annexed by United States

– Issues• Slavery• Mexico

Texas Declaration of Texas Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

Texas Declaration of Texas Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

Key Figures in Texas Key Figures in Texas Independence,Independence, 1836 1836Key Figures in Texas Key Figures in Texas Independence,Independence, 1836 1836

Sam Houston(1793-1863)Sam Houston(1793-1863)

Steven Austin(1793-1836)

Steven Austin(1793-1836)

The Republic of TexasThe Republic of TexasThe Republic of TexasThe Republic of Texas

Remember the Alamo!Remember the Alamo!Remember the Alamo!Remember the Alamo!

Davey Crockett’s Last Davey Crockett’s Last StandStand

Davey Crockett’s Last Davey Crockett’s Last StandStand

The Battle of the The Battle of the AlamoAlamo

The Battle of the The Battle of the AlamoAlamo

General Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna Recaptures the Alamo

General Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna Recaptures the Alamo

Martin Van Buren / Return of the Two Party System Pages 287-294

• Whig Party– Issues / Actions

• MVB– Problems

• Election of 1840

• Rebirth of the Two Party System– Comparisons

The 1836 Election The 1836 Election ResultsResultsThe 1836 Election The 1836 Election ResultsResults

Martin Van Martin Van BurenBuren

““Old Old Kinderhook”Kinderhook”

[O. K.][O. K.]

Results of the Results of the Specie CircularSpecie CircularResults of the Results of the Specie CircularSpecie Circular$ Banknotes lose their Banknotes lose their value.value.

$ Land sales plummeted.Land sales plummeted.

$ Credit not available.Credit not available.

$ Businesses began to fail.Businesses began to fail.

$ Unemployment rose.Unemployment rose.

The Panic of 1837!The Panic of 1837!

The Panic of 1837 The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!Spreads Quickly!The Panic of 1837 The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!Spreads Quickly!

Andrew Jackson in Andrew Jackson in RetirementRetirement

Andrew Jackson in Andrew Jackson in RetirementRetirement

Photo of Andrew Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844Jackson in 1844

(one year before his (one year before his death)death)

Photo of Andrew Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844Jackson in 1844

(one year before his (one year before his death)death)

1767 - 18451767 - 1845

ELECTION OF 1840

DEMS Martin Van Buren

Van Buren Taking the Blame for His Own and Jackson's Monetary

Policies

DEMS Richard Mentor Johnson, VP

WHIGS William Henry Harrison

WHIGS John Tyler, VP

““Tippecanoe, and Tyler,Tippecanoe, and Tyler,Too!”Too!”

“Log Cabin” Campaign Pin, 1840