Election of 1824:A Corrupt Bargain?

John Quincy Adams Fewer popular votes

than Jackson Clay threw support to

Adams House of Reps chose

J. Q. Adams Clay became Adams’

Secretary of State

Andrew Jackson Most popular votes Most electoral votes Accused Adams, Clay,

and Congress of a “Corrupt Bargain”

Fueled campaign for 1828 election

Map 11.1 Presidential Election of 1824 (p. 318)

Jackson enters National Politics: Election of 1824

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Map 11.2 Presidential Election of 1828 (p. 321)

Andrew Jackson

President from 1828-1836

“Old Hickory” Democratic-

Republican (shortened to Democrats)

First non-”notable” to be elected president

Jacksonian Democracy More ‘power’ to the

common man. Gave the ‘common’ man

(western farmers, southern yeoman, etc. a feeling of franchisement.

Key state-level democratic reforms

• -Universal male suffrage• -“King Caucus”• -Popular campaigning• -More elected offices• -Rotation in office

Revolution of 1828: Jacksonian Democracy

A more democratic society - small “d” democratic

Common people felt they had a representative in the White House

“Spoils System”

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Two-Party System

Effectively ended the One party system of Democratic-Republicans.

Opposition party formed called the “Whigs”

Whigs and Democrats

Figure 11.1 Changes in Voting Patterns, 1824–1840 (p. 320)

Andrew Jackson: Issues

Nationalism vs. States’ Rights

Nullification and Federal Authority

Bank of the United States

Indian Removal

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.

The Nullification Crisis

Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations) - hurt southern cotton producers

Perceived as a sectional law favoring manufacturing interests in the NE.

John C. Calhoun - South Carolina Exposition and Protest

The Nullification Crisis

Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations) - hurt southern cotton producers

Perceived as a sectional law favoring manufacturing interests in the NE.

John C. Calhoun - South Carolina Exposition and Protest

Nullification Crisis of 1833

Tariff of 1832 passed. South Carolina convention

‘nullified’ them both Jackson threatened force

(Force Bill of 1833) if SC didn’t abide by federal law– Jackson despised nullification

calling it unconstitutional 1833 - Compromise tariff

engineered by….. (drum roll) Henry Clay.

Sectionalism vs. NationalismTariff of 1832 (Abominations)

Maysville Road Veto

Webster-Hayne Debate

Nullification States’ Rights?

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.

The Bank of the United States (BUS)

Jackson hated the 2nd BUS manager, Nicholas Biddle

1832 - Jackson vetoed the re-charter of the Bank Bill

Jackson saw the Bank as harmful to the western farmers with it’s tight money policies

Viewed Bank as favoring privilege and industry

Jackson’s View of the Bank of the United States (BUS)

Jackson Destroys the Bank (p. 326)

King Andrew the First

Jackson re-defined the executive power of the presidency

Critics depicted him as depicted him as a tyrant and maverick

Jackson and the Bank of the United States

The Panic of 1837

Jackson withdrew all federal funds from the BUS and deposited them in ‘pet banks’

Spawned a speculative land fever on western lands = massive inflation of land values (overvalued)

1836 - Jackson issued the “Specie Circular” ordering all land purchases be made in gold and silver.

Paper banknotes lost their value and land sales plummeted

Panic of 1837 - led to an economic depression until the early 1840s.

US Indian Policy: 1820-1850

U. S. Federal Indian Policy 1810-20 - War of 1812, death of Tecumseh and

pan-Indian alliance, Creek Wars, Indian Springs Treaty of 1825, Seminole Wars

1830 - Indian Removal Act - Gave President authority to trade SE tribes for their land in east for land in west. Provided money for land transfer and relocation

Black Hawk’s War (1832)

Black Hawk (1767–1838) (p. 328)

Indian Policy and the Cherokee Nation Supreme Court decisions

– Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) - Marshall denied Cherokee claim as a separate republic. Rather, they were a domestic dependent nation. - ward of the US

– Worcester v. Georgia (1832) - Marshall held that Cherokees were a distinct political community and entitled to federal protection from state interference (from Georgia)

– Jackson’s response was: ‘John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it.’

1838 - Forced removal of remaining Cherokee to Indian Territory (present day Oklahoma) - along the “Trail of Tears”

Indian Removal in the 1830s

Map 11.3 The Removal of Native Americans, 1820–1843 (p. 327)•file:///Users/jcorn/Desktop/APUSH%20PPTS/Animations/Indian%20Removal.htm

Andrew Jackson’s Legacy

Still debated. Admired by some, hated by others.

Strong influence on his generation both politically and economically.

Defined an era…