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Test K-DES N.2 Applied in Birds avoids the decomposition

and allows the preservation of organic matter.

www.abc-des.com

TO SUMMARIZE:

- Product K-DES is a 25% water solution that avoids the decomposition and

allows the preservation of organic matter, not only when applied by spraying but

also when applied by immersion.

- Product K-DES is a 25% water solution that avoids the decomposition and

allows the preservation of organic matter, even after the process of

decomposition has already started.

- Product K-DES can be reused without reducing its preserving effect, avoids

the decomposition and allows the preservation of organic matter.

- When used by spraying, product K-DES preserves and avoids the

decomposition and allows the preservation of organic matter for over 96 hours.

The application of a 25% water solution of K-DESprovides the samples with

an insect repellent and leaves them soft enough to ease its future treatment and

elimination.

- For the reason that K-DES must be applied by spraying when a farming scope

is concerned, and waiting for new tests for this to be confirmed, we can draw

the conclusion that bodies can remain for a period of 96 hours without great in-

convenience for the environment.

- K-DES is a nontoxic product, nor ADR, which avoids the decomposition and

allows the preservation of organic matter, helping the bio safety of the

environment in which it is applied.

http://www.abc-des.com/informacioning.htm

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TEST K-DES II

Completed between 26th of May

and 7th of June 2006

www.abc-des.com
http://www.abc-des.com/http://www.abc-des.com/http://www.abc-des.com/

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INDEX

Previous notes on the test.................... Error! Marcador no definido.Day 0. Start 26-05-2006................................................................... 3Day 1 27-05-2006............................................................................. 5Day 2 28-05-2006............................................................................. 6Day 3 29-05-2006............................................................................. 9Day 4 30-05-2006........................................................................... 18Day 5 31-05-2006........................................................................... 22Day 6 1-06-2006............................................................................. 26Day 7 02-06-2006........................................................................... 30Day 8 03-06-2006........................................................................... 33Day 9 04-06-2006........................................................................... 36Day 10 05-06-2006......................................................................... 38Day 11 06-06-2006......................................................................... 40Day 12 07-06-2006......................................................................... 42Statistics summary ...............................Error! Marcador no definido.Conclusions.......................................... Error! Marcador no definido.

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0BPrevious notes on the test Test K-DES II

Previous notes on the test

Objective

The aim is to carry out a study of the application of K-DES on birds, in order to as-

sess its effect as a disinfectant and preservative of organic matter.

Test conditions

Across this document, daily observed conditions are referred to. It can be added up

that samples have been maintained in the open air, therefore under the effects of

the environment, and subjected to likely flies and insects action, proper of the urban

environment in which they were staying.

The test took place over a period between 26th of May and 7th of June 2006, in thecity of Vigo.

It has to be remarked that over this period, we have been under very high tempera-

tures, not proper of the region, nor the time of the year, many times over 35C, fact

that is important to be noticed, due to the way high temperatures affect to the proc-

esses to be observed.

For the assessment of the treatment, variables such as appearance, smell, flies and

insects presence, were used. All of them are symthoms of decomposition that are

not subjective issues anymore, due to the important effects observed as a conse-

quence of K-DESapplication.

The person in charge of the study, Mr. Javier Chvez, is an expert in embalming,

with many years of experience in human and animal corpse handling, which gives

him a knowledge to detect small details, proper of organic matter decomposition,

which are referred to in this report.

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1BDay 0. Inicio 26-05-2006 Test K-DES II

Day 0. Inicio 26-05-2006

Before the start of the test

Now we can see three birds right before the application of K-DES. The birds were

slaughtered after 20 hours, with the application being done at 9,30 pm, having an air

temperature of 25C, time at which the next pictures were taken. The study consists

of three hens, one of them used as a reference sample, which has been given label

A. Samples labelled as B and C were sprayed on with a 25% water solution of the

product.

P5260271

REFERENCE - A

P5260272

SPRAYING B

P5260273

SPRAYING C

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1BDay 0. Inicio 26-05-2006 Test K-DES II

Start of the test

OBSERVATIONS

K-DES is a translucent product, not crystalline, of quick action and with a very par-

ticular smell, what allows to differenciate treated from not treated samples, in a se-

cure and easy way.

Application of the product is done in an easy way by pressurized spraying on the bodies

to be treated, which easies the adhearence of the product to the body surface, thus

getting a high grade of impregnation.

As mentioned above, 3 birds were selected, and classified as follows:

Sample A was used as a reference sample, not being previously treated.

Samples B and C were sprayed on with a 25% water solution of K-DES.

P5260275

SPRAYING B

This is the appearance of the sample

after a superficial application was done

by spraying with a 25% water solution

of K-DES.

P5260276

SPRAYING C

This is the appearance of the sample

after a superficial application was done

by spraying with a 25% water solution

of K-DES.

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2BDay 1 27-05-2006 Test K-DES II

Day 1 27-05-2006

The test was started on 27th may, at 8 pm, having an air temperature of 29C,

though temperatures around 34C were reached across the day.

During the first 24 hours, not many changes can be observed just by looking at the

sample. However, K-DESsmell can perfectly be perceived in samples B and C. An

unpleasant smell can be noticed from hen A.

P5270279

REFERENCE - A

P5270280

SPRAYING B

P5270281

SPRAYING C

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Day 2 28-05-2006

Day second of tudy. Day 28, at 9 pm, having an air temperature of 30C. Tempera-

tures of 34C were reached across the day.

Sample A - Reference

On this day, important changes can be observed just by looking at it, mainly when

smell is concerned. An unpleasant smell is perfectly perceptible in case A, with flies

being present. A slight swelling can be observed in the head.

It has to be taken into account that, obviously, all along the day, the already men-

tioned flies have been in contact with the body, with the process of egg-laying being

started. This simple fact can represent a big problem in the farming environment,

where its proliferation will be much greater and faster than in an urban environment

similar to the one in which test took place.

P5280283

REFERENCE - A

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P5280284

REFERENCE - A

It shows the presence of flies.

We can see the flies and the head swelling in sample A.

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Samples B and C- Spraying

As for the cases B and C, K-DES smell is still perceptible and, just by looking at

them, no great changes can be observed.

As it can be observed from the next pictures, the colour of the plumage of samples

that have been treated with K-DES is slightly clearer than sample As and at this

moment, flies are not around, despite they are two metres away from sample A,

aproximately.

The fact that insects are not closer is because of K-DES repellent effect, what

shows that, if K-DES is applied, the presence of outer agents contributing to the

putrefaction process is avoided, for instance flies.

P5280286

SPRAYING - B

P5280287

SPRAYING - C

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Day 3 29-05-2006

After 17 hours

Third day of study. On day 29, these first pictures have been taken after 17 hours,

on an air temperature of 34C. Even higher temperatures have been reached across

the day.

Sample A - Control

Due to the fact that a remarkable deterioration was observed in sample A on the day

before, we decided to carry out a tighter vigilance on it, in order to intervene if nec-

essary. So data takes were done earlier.

Sample A smell, 69 hours after the slaughter, is nauseating and the swelling is no-

table. Besides, we observe another sign of decomposition, say dehydration. There-

fore we can draw the conclusion that the body is in an advanced stage of post-

mortem processes. Several signs, as eye movement, allow us to claim the presence

of larvae inside the animal.

P5290024

REFERENCE - A

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P5290025

REFERENCE - A

We can see the swelling in sample A, and the process of dehydration, since the

damp which is seen on the carton comes from the inside of the body.

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In cases B and C, the smell of decomposition starts to be perceptible, though slight.

However, swelling is minimal, as it can be seen in case B, where it can be observed

around the eye. In case C, a slight swelling can be observed in the body. The pic-

tures below show these differences:

P5290028

SPRAYING - B

P5290029

SPRAYING - B

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P5290030

SPRAYING - C

P5290031

SPRAYING - C

It can be observed that, different from sample A, swelling is smaller

and outside appearance is in a better state of preservation.

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Sample B New spraying

At this moment, after three days from the start, and right after the check carried out

on sample A, we decided to do a new application of K-DES on sample B, so as to

observe its evolution on the next days. Also, we decided to put off the second appli-

cation of K-DES on sample C until the moment of the second check of the day (at

9,40 pm), thus checking the differences between the two ways of application.

P5290033

2nd SPRAYING B

P5290034

2nd SPRAYING - B

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At 9,30 pm

Third day of study. Day 29, 9,40 pm, air temperature 25C.

Sample A Reference

The pictures show that the swelling process in case A is still on, the smell is very

strong, more body fluids can be observed (remember that no application was done

on this sample, therefore, fluids observed are no other than the ones corresponding

with corpse dehydration). In addition, eye movement can be observed, what indi-

cates that it wont take long for larvae to come outside.

P5290288

REFERENCE - A

P5290289

REFERENCE - A

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P5290290

REFERENCE - A

At the moment of doing the second data take of the day, having into account the

deterioration of sample A and knowing that, in case of letting the natural process of

decomposition go on, the sample should be inmediately removed to avoid the risk of

infection, an application of K-DES was done in order to observe the effect of the

product on a body in an advanced stage of decomposition.

First result, right after the application of the product, was unpleasant smell reduction.

P5290295

REFERENCE - A

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Sample B - Spraying

Case B, on which a second application was done, after 17 hours (69 hours after the

slaughter), remains in a right state, no flies or other insects present, nor any signs

showing negative changes or deterioration.

P5290291

SPRAYING B

P5290292

SPRAYING B

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Sample C - Spraying

In case C smell is still present, though not strong, and no changes of deterioration of

the sample can be observed. There are no flies, nor larvae and the swelling at this

moment is small.

A second application has also been done in this case, in order to check how long

corpses can be kept in a good state with a daily application after three days.

P5290293

2nd SPRAYING C

P5290297

2nd SPRAYING C

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Day 4 30-05-2006

Fourth day of study. Day 30, data take carried out at 9,30 pm, having an air tem-

perature of 20C.

Sample A Reference

In case A, larvae, known to be in the inside due to signs above mentioned, are al-

ready present in the outside. Before that, and in order to check the biocidal proper-

ties of the product, a new application of K-DES was done, thus observing how they

move quickly to escape the action of the product.

P5300298

REFERENCE - A

P5300305

REFERENCE A

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P5300299

REFERENCE A

Deterioration shown by this picture of sample A is noticeable and greater than the

other birds.

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Samples B and C - Spraying

The state of preservation in cases B and C is good. We can see in the picture that

the swelling remains small, as well as the smell is slight, though reduced by the

products.

As it can be observed, after this period of time, corpse phenomena start to show. It

has to be remarked that, though flies are around, they dont land on the body.

Another application of K-DES is done for maintenance.

P5300300

SPRAYING B

P5300301

SPRAYING B

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P5300306

SPRAYING B

P5300302

SPRAYING C

P5300303

SPRAYING C

P5300309

SPRAYING C

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Day 5 31-05-2006

Fifth day of study. Day 31, its 9,30 pm and air temperature is 24C.

Sample A Reference

In case A, larvae, as a consequence of K-DES application, are dead and smell,

though still present, is tolerable.

P5310310

REFERENCE - A

P5310311

REFERENCE - A

P5310313

REFERENCE - A

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P5310312

REFERENCE - A

It can be observed that larvae coming from the inside of the body has been elimi-

nated as soon as they got in touch with the product remaining on the surface on

which the sample was staying.

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In cases B and C, we can observe a swelling that is proper of decomposition proc-

esses, but smell is not strong and no larvae, nor any other symthom of degradation

can be seen. Only a minimal amount of flies is present, and as it ocurred in earlier

days, they dont land on the bodies.

Another application of K-DES was done in order to check how long a bird can be

kept in a place without being a health problem for its environment.

P5310314

SPRAYING B

P5310315

SPRAYING B

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P5310316

SPRAYING C

P5310317

SPRAYING C

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Day 6 1-06-2006

Sixth day of study. Day 1, at 9 pm, air temperature is 28C, though temperature has

reached around 34C along the day.

Sample A Reference

In case A, not many changes can be perceived, only smell is perceptible, but toler-able. However, when applying the maintenance product, many larvae started to

come out from the inside of the corpse, what indicates that larvae reproduction oc-

curs very fast.

After product application, larvae came outside due to the product repellent effect,

and died after a few seconds. As well as larvae, a small collection of other necro-

phagous insects appeared and died almost at once. Besides, it can be observed

that, due to K-DESmaintenance dosage, there are no flies around, despite the bird

is in an advanced stage of decomposition.

Before product application.

P6010318

REFERENCE - A

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P6010319

REFERENCE - A

After application.

P6010327

REFERENCE - A

P6010325

REFERENCE - A

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In cases B and C there are no signs of corpse fauna. Only internal changes from

decomposition can be observed, i.e. body swelling.

It is due to bacteria proliferation produced by the autolysis phenomenon. Along the

process, these bacteria produce gases that stay in the inside of the body, thus caus-

ing body swelling.

P6010320

SPRAYING B

P6010321

SPRAYING B

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P6010322

REFERENCE - C

P6010323

REFERENCE - C

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Day 7 02-06-2006

Seventh day of study. Day 2, air temperature is 25C, at 8,30 pm, moment showed

by the pictures.

Sample A Reference

As it can be seen in next pictures, internal larvae that have been in touch with the

product, though many of them, are dead, as well as necrophagous insects. Flies do

not come closer to the corpse and smell, though strong, is tolerable.

Having into account the state of deterioration of the sample and once the effect of

the product K-DES over a body in an advanced stage of decomposition has been

shown, it was decided not to do any other application and to remove the sample

from the study.

P6020329

REFERENCE - A

P6020330

REFERENCE - A

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Cases B and C remain in a good state with no signs of corpse fauna. A slight un-

pleasant smell is perceived, though reduced by the application of K-DES.

P6020331

SPRAYING B

P6020332

SPRAYING B

P6020334

SPRAYING C

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P6020333

SPRAYING C

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Day 8 03-06-2006

Eighth day of study. Day 3, pictures were taken at 10,15 pm, having an air tempera-

ture of 22C. As well as in earlier days, temperature has been high along the day.

Sample A Reference

Sample A has been removed.

Samples B and C Spraying

Smell in cases B and C is still slight, corpse fauna is now present in a small amount

and only in the cloaca zone, in sample B. Unlike larvae observed in sample A, these

are small, in a small quantity, and no necrophagous insects can be seen.

Anyway, after all these days, it could be said that samples remain in a good state

and not causing any problem to its environment, since the presence of insects and

flies is very scarce and, as well as in earlier days, they dont land on the samples.

P6030335

SPRAYING B

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P6030338

SPRAYING B

Picture of the cloaca.

It can be observed that

the size of dead larvae is

very small (unlike ones

in picture of page 23)

after getting in touch with

the product, no presence

of other necrophagous

insects being perceived,

despite the few days that

have already passed.

Sample A Reference

(page 23).

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P6030340

SPRAYING C

P6030339

SPRAYING C

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Day 9 04-06-2006

Ninth day of study. Day 4, pictures taken at 10 pm, having an air temperature of

22C. Very high temperature along the day, close to 30C.

Sample B and C Spraying

With the aim of checking how long the samples can be kept, it was decided not to doany other application of K-DES, so as to check the efficiency of the remaining

product stuck to the body.

After 9 days from the start of the test, smell of putrefaction is still slight and larvae

amount is still minimal in the cloaca zone. The amount of present flies is scarce.

They fly around the samples rather than land on them.

It must be remarked that, though in case B there are small larvae in the cloaca zone,

no corpse fauna can be observed in sample C, bearing in mind that the second ap-

plication of K-DES in sample C was made four hours afterwards than in sample B.

This may be caused by the difference existing between beings and individuals when

K-DESapplication is concerned.

Humidity that can be observed in the attached pictures has not been caused by any

application of K-DES, but by corpse dehydration itself, as it can be clearly seen.

P6040341

SPRAYING B

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P6040342

SPRAYING B

P6040343

SPRAYING C

P6040344

SPRAYING C

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Day 10 05-06-2006

Tenth day of study. Day 5, pictures were taken at 9 pm, having an air temperature of

23C and day temperature reached over 30C.


Despite the time that has already past, samples are still in a good state, after 48

hours from the last application of the product. Unpleasant smell is still slight in both

samples, larvae amount is still minimal in the cloaca zone in case B, not being pre-

sent in case C. Flies amount, as in earlier days, is scarce, they dont land on the

surface but are around the bodies.

P6050345

SPRAYING B

P6050346

SPRAYING B

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P6050347

SPRAYING C

P6050348

SPRAYING C

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Day 11 06-06-2006

Eleventh day of study. Day 6, pictures were taken at 9,20 pm. Air temperature is

28C and day temperatures have been close to 35C.


Next pictures were taken after 72 hours from the application of K-DES

.

No out-standing changes can be observed, with measurements being the same as in the

last days, i.e a slight smell perfectly tolerable, though in this case, no larvae nor flies

or insects can be observed around any of the samples.

P6060349

SPRAYING B

P6060350

SPRAYING B

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P6060351

SPRAYING C

P6060352

SPRAYING C

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Day 12 07-06-2006

Twelveth day of study. Day 7, measurement take was done at 6,20 pm on an air

temperature of 28C and, as well as in last days, temperatures along the day

reached over 35C.

Sample B and C Spraying

After 12 days of test, and with no other application of the product, it can be observed

that the samples are in a good state of preservation, with a slight smell, perfectly

tolerable, and in a high stage of dehydration. However, larvae are not to be seen in

the outside, and the amount of flies near the corpses is minimal.

P6070353

SPRAYING B

P6070354

SPRAYING B

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P6070355

SPRAYING C

P6070356

SPRAYING C

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14BStatistical Summary Test K-DES II

Statistical Summary

Now, a chart summary of observations done by the expert, is shown.

Temperatures

Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

T at data takeinstant(C)

29 30 25 20 24 28 25 22 22 23 28 28

Maximum T(C)

34 34 34 32 33 34 34 32 30 30 35 35

Grfica de Temperatura

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Das

GradosCentgrados

Hora toma datos

Mxima

Note: It has to be remarked that temperature in Galicia on these dates were affected

by the irruption of a strong Saharian air current, having temperatures that are not

common for the days on which the test was carried out nor for the region.

On the other hand, it has to be noticed that the birds were left in the open air, on the

upper part of a building, on terraces exposed to an intense insolation, what caused

that temperatures might have been higher than the ones referred to in this docu-

ment, which are the ones officially registered.

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Smell

Evaluation of registered data:

0 Proper smell of product K-DES.

5 Unpleasant smell due to decomposition processes.

10 Unbearable smell due to decomposition processes.

Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Sample A 5 8 10 3 5 5 5

Sample B 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5Sample C 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5

Grfica de Olor

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Das

Inten

sidad

Muestra A

Muestra B

Muestra C

Note: It must be recalled that, an application of K-DES was done on sample A on

the fourth day, due to its bad state, in order to check its effect once the sample was

in an advanced stage of decomposition.

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Presence of external insects (flies and others)


0 no insects.

5 considerable amount of insects.

10 many insects.

Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Sample A 3 8 10 1 1 1 1

Sample B 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3

Sample C 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3

Grfica de Presencia de Insectos Externos

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Das

Intensidad

Muestra A

Muestra B

Muestra C

Note: It must be recalled that, an application of K-DES was done on sample A on

the fourth day, due to its bad state, in order to check its effect once the sample was

in an advanced stage of decomposition.

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Presence of internal insects (larvae and necrophagous)


0 no larvae and/or necrophagous insects.

5 considerable amount of larvae and/or necrophagous insects.

10 many larvae and/or necrophagous insects.

Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Sample A 0 3 5 6 7 8 9

Sample B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0

Sample C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Grfica de Insectos Internos

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Das

Intensidad

Muestra A

Muestra B

Muestra C

Note: it must be recalled that, larvae and necrophagous insects that were observed,

died once in touch with K-DES.

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Other signs of decomposition

Swelling


0 no body swelling due to decomposition processes.

5 moderate body swelling due to decomposition processes.

10 big body swelling due to decomposition processes.

Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Sample A 3 5 9 9 9 9 9

Sample B 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Sample C 0 0 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4

Grfica de Hinchazn

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Das

Intensidad

Muestra A

Muestra B

Muestra C

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Dehydration


0 no body dehydration due to decomoposition processes.

5 moderate grade of body dehydration due to decomposition processes.

10 high grade of body dehydration due to decomposition processes.

Day1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Sample A 0 1 5 6 7 8 9

Sample B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 3

Sample C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 3

Grfica de Deshidratacin

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Das

Intensidad

Muestra A

Muestra B

Muestra C

Note: It must be recalled that no new applications of K-DES were done on samples

B and C after ninth day inclusive.

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15BConclusions Test K-DES II

Conclusions

- The effect of the application of K-DESby spraying a 25% water solution, re-

duces unpleasant smell, proper of organic matter putrefaction


duces the amount and size of larvae and necrophagous insects, proper of in-

ternal decomposition of animal corpses.


duces body swelling, proper of body putrefaction.


duces body dehydration, proper of animal corpses putrefaction.

- As a summary of all the above mentioned, we must draw the conclusion that

product K-DES in a 25% water solution, causes the effect of preventing

decomposition of organic matter once it has been applied by spraying, thus

slowing down the process.

- Product K-DES in a 25% water solution causes the effect of stopping the

process of decomposition of organic matter, even when it is in an advanced

stage.

- The application of a 25% water solution of K-DES causes a repellent effect

against flies and insects, providing the bodies with protection against exter-

nal agents action, what can intervene in the process of putrefaction of or-

ganic matter.

- Product K-DES, in a 25% water solution, if applied by spraying, preserves

and prevents organic matter from decomposition for a period of over 96

hours.

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- Since the application of K-DES in the farming scope will be done by spray-

ing, and waiting for new tests to confirm that, we can draw the conclusionthat bodies can be kept in a good state for a period of over 96 hours, without

being a great inconvenience for the environment.

- The repellent effect of K-DES avoids that flies land on the corpses and the

process of egg-laying, as well as it prevents them from being a vehicle of in-

fection.

- Apart from the repellent effect of K-DES, it also acts as a biocide against

larvae resulting from putrefaction, and eliminates them as soon as they come

outside.

- On the other hand we can draw the conclusion that if applied in the way it

has been done through this test, it means an alteration to corpse fauna de-

velopment. Although this development at an internal level cannot be avoided,

it has been modified and reduced, (having a smaller amount of larvae with a

smaller size). This phenomenon might be caused due to the impossibility of

larvae coming outside, because of the repellent and biocidal effect of the

product, or due to the alterations caused by the product at an external level,

which are transmitted to the interior of the corpse, thus changing internal

conditions.

- These results have been achieved from a reduced number of birds, but if ex-

trapolated to an exploitation with a bigger number of corpses, we reckon that

flies and insects would act much sooner and with a greater intensity, thus

accelerating the process of putrefaction, mainly in individuals that have not

been treated with K-DES and so making the differences clearer to observa-

tion.

- So, we could draw the conclusion that, still more tests to be done that confirm

these results, the applicaiton of a 25% water solution of K-DES by spraying

on an animal corpse after its death, and repeating the application every 48

hours, would slow down the processes of putrefaction and decomposition for

a period of over 96 hours, without causing unpleasant or harmful effects inthe environment where the corpse is being preserved, thus avoiding the

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spreading of contagious illnesses and keeping a cleaner and more hygienic

environment.

Test K-DES 2

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Transcript of Test K-DES 2