Tales of 3 cities (KL Sentral)

Assignment 1: Ideas and Theories In Urbanism

Reference: http://forum.skyscraperpage.com/showthread.php?t=194064

KL Central Group: Yong Yih Tyng 0312764Darshiini 0319359Foong Tze Ying 0324073Ng Zheng Si 0322585Lee Pui San 0319089Lai YiK Xin 0323388Beh Nian Zi 0319445Eng Shi Yi 0317849

KL SENTRAL CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT (CBD)

Ar. Dr. Kisho Kurokawa – Background


Ar. Dr. Kisho Kurokawa – Designer’s Background

- Agricultural City Plan- Project for a Helix City- Floating City, Kasumigaura- Prefabricated Apartment House by 3-Dimensional Concrete Units- Metabolism Scketch- Metamorphosis’65- The Cannery of Nitto Food Company- Ishino New Town- Fujisawa New Town- Resort Center Yamagata Hawaii Dreamland

1960- Expo’70 (Toshiba IHI Pavilion, Takara Beautilion, Theme Pavilion)- Paris Pompidou Centre International Competition Design- Nakagin Capsule Tower - TANU Headquarters Building and National Assembly Hall, Tanzania- Head Office of the Fukuoka Bank - UAE (Abu Dhabi) Conference City Design Competition- Sony Tower - Headquarters of the Japanese Red Cross Society - National Museum of Ethnology - Saitama Prefectural Museum of Modern Art

1970- National Bunraku Theater - Wacoal Kojimachi Building - Expo’85 (Block G for Foreign Countries, - - Electronic Power Pavilion, Toshiba - -- Pavilion, IBM Pavilion, The Mitsui Group Waterfall Pavilion)- New Tokyo Plan 2025- UAE (Abu Dhabi) National University Design Competition- Nagoya City Art Museum - Japanese-German Center of Berlin - Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art

1980- Pacific Tower- Osaka Prefectural Government Office (New Wing) - Okinawa Prefectural Government Office - Memorial Hall for Shirase - - - Expeditionary Party of the South Pole- Miki House New Office Building - Nara City Museum of Photography - Aiwa Golf Clubhouse and Hotel, Miyazaki Course - Kyushu Golf Club, Yahata Course- Shirotopia Memorial Park Rest House Senkantei

1990

1990 - Chinese-Japanese Youth Center (Beijing, China)- The Sporting Club at Illinois Center (Chicago, USA)- Melbourne Central (Melbourne, Australia)- Lane Crawford Place (Singapore)- Republic Plaza (Singapore)- KL Internatioal Airport (Selangor, Malaysia)- Astana Master Plan for the New – - Capital of Kazakhstan- Public Space Conceptural Design - - Along The Central Axis in Shenzhen City Center - New Wing of the Van Gogh - Museum (Amsterdam, Netherlands)- Oguchi Junior High School- Osaka International Convention Center- Flower Hill Museum- Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum

- The Museum of Modern Art Wakayama/Wakayama – - Prefectural Museum Ehime Museum of Science- Ishibashi Junior High School- Kibi-cho City Hall/Kibi Dome Softopia Japan- Fukui City Museum of Art- Kashima-machi City Hall- Shiga Kogen Roman Art Museum- Fujinomiya Golf Club- Hotel Kyocera- Amber Hall- Kyocera Headquarters Building- O_Residence- Central Plaza One and Two

1990 2000- Oita Stadium- Toyota City Stadium- Sakai City Nobiyaka Kenkokan- Japanese Nursing Association Headquarters- Nagasaki Museum of History and Culture- National Art Center, Tokyo- Nagasaki Prefectural Archeological Center Iki City Ikikoku Museum- Spazio Brera Ginza- Guangzhou Pearl Riverside Area Concept Plan and Focus Urban Design - Kunming New International Airport Master Plan (Kunming, China)- Yilanzhai Museum (Nanking, China)- Astana International Airport (Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan)- Tea Ceremony House and Japanese

2000- Garden at Westcott House, The Frank Lloyd – Wright Foundation (Springfield, USA)- The Zhengdong New Town Zhengzhou City, China- Fusionopolis @ one-north (Singapore) - Chongqing International Financial Center (Chongqing, China)- Dianshang Lake Villa Lake House (Shanghai, China)

2010- Maruha Drive-In- Sado Information Center- New Entrance of the Van Gogh Museum- Senju Long-Term Care Health Facility- Maggie’s Centre (Swansea, England)- Nazarbayev University - Master Plan & - Architectural Design - Monitoring Services- Stone Museum, Yoshiundo- St. Petersburg Football Stadium


Reference: http://www.kisho.co.jp/page/3.html


1960, age of 26, founders of the Metabolism Movement

Intermediate Space

Fractal

Life PrincipleSymbiosis Metabolism

InformationRecycle

Ecology


Reference: http://forum.skyscraperpage.com/showthread.php?t=194064 References:Reference: http://socks-studio.com/2015/02/24/agricultural-city-by-kisho-kurokawa-1960/


Kisho Kurokawa, Helix City, 1961

Kisho Kurokawa, Agricultural City Project, 1961

kisho kurokawa. floating city, 1961


References:

Site Introduction


Site Study – Kuala LumpurLocation Plan N.T.S


Site Main Gateways

References:Reference: http://www.dbkl.gov.my/pskl2020/english/urban_design_and_landscape/#14_1

Site Study – Kuala LumpurLocation Plan N.T.S


Reference: http://www.dbkl.gov.my/pskl2020/english/urban_design_and_landscape/#14_1

Visual Linkages in the City Centre Urban Character of the City Proposed Pedestrian Linkages in the City Centre Proposed Historical Zone in City Centre

Site History


Site Study – Kuala LumpurMorphology – Kuala Lumpur History


References: google images

Site where KL is first formed around 1857 – at the confluence of Gombak and Klang Rivers

Kuala Lumpur = muddy confluence



References: google images1884 – Kuala Lumpur

Development of Kuala Lumpur afterTin mining activities Were introduced to the site




Development of brickfield kiln (by Yap Kwan Seong) after Sir Frank Sweethenham introduce the use of brick as building materials as response to fire and flood




1920 – KL General View



1950 - Brickfield


Site developed as the Nation’s main locomotive depot for Malayan Railway during colonial administration.



References: google images1960– KL Downtown

Later development



Year 1960

References: http://www.nstp.com.my/

Later development



1962 – KL StreetReferences: http://www.nstp.com.my/

Later development



1971 – KL Flood

KL Central

Brickfield




1982 – Kuala Lumpur Railway Station




References: http://www.wonderfulmalaysia.com/kuala-lumpur-history.htm

1857: 87 tin miners find rich sources of tin around the area.

1862: Kuala Lumpur grows rapidly. New miners from over the world settle here, with many conflicts and gang wars as a result.

1869: Yap Ah Loy becomes Chinese Kapitan of Kuala Lumpur and succeeds to establish law and order in Kuala Lumpur in just a few years.

1880: Kuala Lumpur becomes a modern town when the British representative Frank Swettenham develops the first city plan.

1887: Kuala Lumpur becomes the capital of the state of Selangor.

1896: The Federated Malay States is formed by uniting the Sultans of four states. Kuala Lumpur becomes capital of the Federated Malay States.

1946: Kuala Lumpur becomes capital in the Federation of Malaya.

1957: Malaysia celebrates its independence on August 31 after 151 years of British rule. Kuala Lumpur becomes capital of the Independent Federation of Malaya.

1963: Kuala Lumpur becomes capital of Malaysia.

1974: Kuala Lumpur becomes a Federal Territory (Wilayah Persekutuan) with its own administration.

1999: The federal administrative capital of Malaysia moves to Putrajaya.

2007: Kuala Lumpur celebrates its 50th year as capital of Malaysia and Malaysia its 50th year of independence.

Site StudyHistorical Kuala Lumpur Human Activities Context


1970 – Food Stall References: google images1950

1900 – Ice water vendor1890 – nyonya cake seller

1946 – “ Kedai Runcit” Malay retail shop

Inspired Verandah Concept

- To provide an urban design mechanism that can be utilized in city planning and design to give the Malaysia capital city of Kuala Lumpur its own cohesive regional urban image and national identity

– (Some Urban Design Ideas for Kuala Lumpur, 1987, Ken Yeang)- Malaysia streetscape

serving as transitional space

- Multi-functional uses- Visually identifiable- Position and configuration

respond to Malaysian climate

- Form is derived from the traditional shop house archetype

KL Central Development


KL Sentral is being developed by a consortium made up of

Malaysian Resources Corporation Berhad (MRCB),

Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) and Pembinaan Redzai Sdn Bhd.


Site Study – KL Central ContextKey Plan N.T.S and Relation with Surrounding


KL Central

Brickfield

Reference: google images

built on the former Keretapi Tanah Melayu marshalling yard in Brickfields.

Site Development MorphologySite Development - Timeline


2004

2008

2010

2015

KL Central Development

Nearby Development

Reference: google images

Case Study: KL Central – Kisho Kurokawa Master Planning


Reference:http://ir.chartnexus.com/mrcb/docs/note/MRCB%20-%20v11.pdf

Case Study: KL Central – Kisho Kurokawa Site Plan N.T.S, Overview


Reference: https://www.google.com.my/maps/place/KL+Sentral+Station/

- Divided into 15 land parcels- 9,200,000 sq. ft. of commercial space - 3,256,000 sq. ft. of residential space

Reference images: http://www.ffdrt.com/a-study-of-multi-centred-city-transformation/

Case Study: KL Central – Kisho Kurokawa Site Plan N.T.S, Overview


Reference: http://www.klsentral.com.my/

Ar. Dr. Kisho Kurokawa – Design Ideas Analysis


Case Study: KL Central – Kisho Kurokawa Design Philosophy, Ideas


well-planned layout of spacious plazas

indoor courtyards

sidewalk cafes, shops, restaurants

numerous pedestrian walkways

artistically landscaped greenery and buffer zones

a city where life flows efficiently without limitation

city-within-a-city

open layout ensures even human traffic is maintained within non-intrusive limits.

work, live and play co-exist in a harmonic environment.

CORAL Achieving the perfect balance between technology and humanity in architecture enables it to sustain continuous growth. Corals constantly rebuild their living structures, allowing steady flows of abundant sea animals to make them their home and feeding ground. Our vision is to build a city where life flows efficiently without limitation.

LEAF Despite ever-changing conditions, a leaf works to supply food to the rest of the plant while providing the atmosphere with oxygen. We believe in building cities whose individual parts constantly support each other, resulting in systems that are forever productive.

SHELL Cities must be built with occupants in mind, making them habitats conducive to live in for a lifetime. Very much like a shell, it constantly improves its home, rendering its shelter to perfection, and lives in harmony with its natural habitat. Our foremost concern is not only the present but also the future comforts of the people who live within our city.


Analysis – Building Form



Organized into individual small pockets, surrounded by paths.

Linear arrangement of buildings in pockets contribute to visual consistency

Consistent distance between buildings provides walkable spaces

Horizontal façade (longer sides) of the buildings are facing the adjacent buildings:– maximize surveillance, improve safety


Horizontal façade (longer sides) of the buildings are facing the adjacent buildings:– maximize surveillance, improve safety

Longer side façade(KL Central)

Longer side façade(Brickfield)

Site StudyFaçade Orientation

KL Central Brickfield

Buildings are in linear formBuildings that are in point form


Site StudyForm Pattern

Focal PointThe focal point is located at the Station sentral kl because it has the lowest height compared to surrounding building

KL Central Sheltered from SunDue to the strategic location of KL central in the middle of the group of buildings which are taller, the hub is sheltered from direct sun light The elevation sketch shows the hierarchy of KL Sentral.

The focal point is the Stesen Sentral Kuala Lumpur.


Site StudyForm, Order and Hierarchy


Site StudyDesign Ideas Facilitate Functions

The buildings facade surrounding the kl sentral have a horizontal and linear pattern, but only the facade of kl sentral have a curvy shape wich create a contrast among the building and also become the focal point at the area.


sunlightSite Study

External metal louver screen provide sun shading system to lower the building temperature like leaf use photosynthesis to produce oxygen by absorbing light, water and carbon dioxide.

Glass

Concrete

The materials are mostly or all glass like leaf to absorb the sunlight which use for photosynthesis

Usage of opaque material at ground to first floor level provide security to the user, and enhance the sense of direction / location of openings

Usage of transparent material like glass on the upper floors improve the overall light condition at site by allowing sun light penetration to increase natural lifted space. Like the leaf absorb sunlight and use it as the main energy source.

Façade Design and Material


Site StudyComparison - Façade Analysis (old and new)

Five foot way- Economical activities for local- Pedestrian

No five foot way- Building is not engage with people

Facade lack of social interactionand local cultural identity


Site StudyComparison - Visual Connectivity

Building at KL Central: Visual repelling, no engagement with users, height is contrast different from context


Site StudyComparison - Building Form Morphology

Traditional Shop house Duality of traditional Shop houses and new Designed shop houses

KL CentralModern Design (Globalize Design)- Lack of local identity

1. Building design lack of Local Identity2. Building design do not engage usual – social

unfriendly design

Site StudyCriticism - Form


Analysis – Movement and Circulation


Site StudyAssignment 1: Ideas and Theories In Urbanism

Movement and Circulation – Linear and Loop

loop

linear

Easy Accessibility To Major Roads And Highways

Vehicles enter from Jalan Tun Sambanthan, Jalan Damansara, Jalan Bangsar, Jalan Travers

A loop system bringing extraneous unnecessary traffic into the most congested area during peak hours.

Location leaves the strong possibility that the loop routes could still become overloaded at peak times.

Coral -to build a city where life flows efficiently without limitation


Access From Major Roads (Primary Path) and Roads (Secondary Path) To KL Sentral

• KL Sentral

• Hilton Kuala Lumpur

Jalan Tun sambanthan

Jalan Travers

Jalan Damansara

Jalan Bangsar

Jalan Stensen Sentral 5

Jalan Stesen Sentral 4

Jalan Stensen Sentral 5• Commercial Area

• Museums

• NU Sentral

• Q Sentral

Legend

Primary PathsSecondary Paths


Site Study

Site Study

• KL Sentral

Jalan Damnsara

Jalan Bangsar

Jalan Travers



Primary PathsSecondary PathsHighway

• Hilton Kuala Lumpur

• Commercial Area

• Museums

• NU Sentral

• Q Sentral

Exit From Kl Sentral to Primary Paths (Major Road) to Secondary Paths (Road)

Legend


Site StudyPublic transport

Bus - Taxi – Train

Taxi

Link to each other

Regional TOD

Reference: http://www.lcct.com.my/others/places/kl-sentral-station

Concept-Leafbuilding cities whose individual parts constantly support each other, resulting in systems that are forever productive.


Bus

Bus station stretches around Kl Sentral to reduce traffic congestion.



Site StudyPublic Transport

Taxi - Do not have proper parking area for taxi.Reference: https://www.google.com.my/maps/place/KL+Sentral+Station/




Interchange- supporting each other

LRTMonorail

KTM

Train



Vehicular Circulation

Towers are being serviced and consist of a formal drop off area whilst not contributing to the congestion in other islands. Traffic control officers are always seen to be keeping on toes to ensure no parking at the curb that could cause rippling congestion to other islands. However has not stopped the traffic congestion outside the perimeter of CBD, on Jalan Tun Sambanthan, Jalan Travers, Jalan Damansara, and Jalan Istana during peak hours.

Analysis



Site Study

Issues Exist in KL Sentral

Lack clarity in movement pattern where linkages of between major and minor roads

Motorcycle Links are not existing

• Jalan Stesen Sentral 5

Motorcycles

• Jalan Tun Sambanthan

Cycle ways in housing estates suffer from under usage, misuse (illegal parking) and poor maintenance

Lack of continuity in the cycle way networks.

Bicycles

LegendPrimary Path Jalan DamansaraSecondary Paths Jalan Stesen Sentral 5Primary Path Jalan Tun Sambanthan

• Jalan Damansara


The furthest buildings within 400m of walkable distance from the station, it corresponds to the distance someone can walk in 5 minutes at 4.8km/h.

It becomes more encouraging with the covered walkway to shelter against rain, zebra crossing, traffic light, 24 hour securities for each drop off area. This creates a common space shared by low-wage service workers as well as high value knowledge workers and creative professionals.

With 400m walking distance residents have easy access to daily needs in the diversified CBD, thus creating a Transit Orientated Development.Reference: http://www.klsentral.com.my/

Reference Federal Department of Town & Country Planning Ministry Of Urban Wellbeing, Housing & Local Government Malaysia



Site StudyPedestrian


Movement and Circulation Pattern (Pedestrian - Diffuse)Safety Issue


Site Study

Jalan Stesen Sentral 5Limited usage of pedestrian linking bridge between Platinum Sentral and Menara CIMB, not for public access


Pedestrian Linkage


Site Study

Only benefits the building users

No pedestrian connectivity

Site Study

Jalan Tun Sambanthan – KL Central to Brickfield Transitional Space – Linkage Across Jalan Tun Sambanthan (Nu Sentral to Brickfield)


Pedestrian Linkage


Jalan Tun Sambanthan – Drop Off Point Limited by taxiReference: https://www.google.com.my/maps/place/KL+Sentral+Station/

Drop Off Point


Site Study

Jalan Stesen Sentral 5 – Linkage Across Jalan Stesen Sentral 5 – connecting two buildings (KL Central and Hilton Hotel)

Jalan Stesen Sentral 5 – Shelter walkway. Common drop off pointPedestrian + vehicular = mixed


Drop Off Point


Site Study

-Some buildings do not permit public access across their property boundaries thus leaving narrow space for pedestrian movement. -Dangerous for pedestrian-No proper protection from sun and rain



Pedestrian Path


Site Study


- Not Safe- No Shelter- Pedestrian walkway too narrow/ no pedestrian walkway

Pedestrian Path


Site Study


No tactile pathway for visual impaired pedestrian

Has tactile pathway for visual impaired pedestrian on the other side if Jalan Tun Sambanthan

Jalan Tun SambanthanDisconnected tactile pathway for visual impaired pedestrian


Pedestrian Path


Site Study

1. Pedestrian paths are not well designed- Disconnection of tactile path for blind- Narrow pedestrian path- No handrails or safety design- Disconnection shelter path- Road mainly privatize by building

Site StudyCriticism - Circulation


Analysis – Activities and Historical Social Culture


KL Central

Nu Sentral

Function of space affects the movement pattern. Transportation hub and commercial retails are the major nodes.

High Human Density

Site StudyHuman Density


Site StudyBuilding Types and Zoning




Site StudyDesign Ideas Facilitate Functions


Architect’s ideas of space functioning:

Mix-use

Commercial

Mix-use

CommercialResidential

Residential

Transportation

OfficeOffice

Brickfield

Design Ideas VS site conditions

Mix-use

CommercialResidential

Residential

Transportation

OfficeOffice

Commercial

International

Other States

Brickfield

International

Other States


Site StudySocial and Public Realm



Jalan Stesen Sentral 5No street lightLittle sitting areaDiscontinued blind pedestrian from brickfield

Jalan Stesen Sentral 5No street lightDiscontinued blind pedestrian from brickfieldDiscontinued sheltered walkwayNo safety bar on sidewalk


Jalan Tun SambathamSitting AreasA little green pocket spaceLimited Drop off Zone and parking spaceNot well planned taxi standLack of local cultural context


KL Central

Site StudyComparison – cultural identity


Reference: http://googleimages/

Brickfield

KL Central new building design lack of local historical social culture relation

Building at surrounding context are:1. Cultural Vibrant 2. Religious

Site StudyLocal Social Activities




?User:1. Tourist2. Business owner3. Religious worker4. Volunteer5. Students6. Lecturer7. Resident8. Disabled 9. Traditional dancer10.Artist 11.Prostitute

Economic:1. Florist2. Retail3. Local Food4. Education5. Tourism6. Prostitution

Site StudySocial activities at KL Central




Contrast

Old New

Site StudyComparison – Street Activity Changes


References:Reference: https://www.google.com.my/maps/place/KL+Sentral+Station/

- Wider street, more social friendly- Outdoor

- Narrow street, less user friendly- Indoor

Site StudyMorphology – Street Activity Changes (Pedestrian Use)


Year 1960

Year 2015 References:http://www.nstp.com.my/

Site StudyMorphology –Economic Changes (Outdoor to Indoor)


Year 1946

References: http://www.nstp.com.my/

Year 2015

Year 1968

Year 1900

1. Activities are being solely separated with area in Brickfields – involvement of public is saturated.2. KL Sentral has become its own island by itself to sustain the development.3. Spaces connecting or linking for exchange usage has become a private space where public usage is restricted.4. Not cultural responsive5. Public Spaces are privatized by building owner6. Activities are mainly to boost economic, seldom cultural activities7. Designed public space not encouraging social activities

Site StudyCriticism – Activities and Functions


Analysis Summary


Site StudyAnalysis Summary – Comparison to Architect’s Proposal


Design Ideas Categories Statement

CORAL Corals constantly rebuild their living structures, allowing steady flows of abundant sea animals to make them their home and feeding ground. Our vision is to build a city where life flows efficiently without limitation.

Form The 15 division of the lands contain buildings with mixed-use functions to sustain the residents at the central

Movement and Circulation

The loop circulation provides a better traffic condition within KL Central

However, due to the juxtaposition of the main roads were always at the center of congestion, the loop circulation planning is only effective within KL Central

LEAF Despite ever-changing conditions, a leaf works to supply food to the rest of the plant while providing the atmosphere with oxygen. We believe in building cities whose individual parts constantly support each other, resulting in systems that are forever productive

Movement AndCirculation

The types of public transports provided in KL Central are abundance and linked for normal people.

However, the limited drop off points, unfriendly pedestrian path can be an issue to the pedestrian users, also to the disabled people (etc: blind) from Brickfield

Activities and Functions

The building types at KL Central is designed mostly as mixed typology in order to sustain the population within the KL Central. The functions provided are retail, entertainment, residential, office and transportation hub. However, the provided facilities are most of the time benefit the residents within KL Central. Due to most of the facilities in KL Central are targeted to users at middle to above middle classes, the poorer residents might also not able to appreciate the benefits.

SHELL like a shell, it constantly improves its home, rendering its shelter to perfection, and lives in harmony with its natural habitat. Our foremost concern is not only the present but also the future comforts of the people who live within our city.

Movement and Circulation

The use of the loop circulation planning in KL Central can be viewed as a future vision to decrease the traffic issue, hence comfort level of the users within the site when the population density increases

However, the lack of consideration of the adjacent site and the actual traffic condition at site limited the execution of the vision

FormThe order of the building are designed to be consistent walkability space. However, the planning introduce diffuse space and lower down security around the site. Also, the lack of balance between built form and landscape decrease the comfort level of the residents.

Site StudyAnalysis Summary


Design Promise Analysis Statements

well-planned layout of spacious plazas Limited space at site

open layout ensures even human traffic is maintained within non-intrusive limits. Space between building (diffuse)

sidewalk cafes, shops, restaurants One Stretch of Semi-outdoor Cafe

work, live and play co-exist in a harmonic environment. Mixed use building typology contains entertainment, residential, retail and office

a city where life flows efficiently without limitation Public Transportation and loop circulation planning

artistically landscaped greenery and buffer zones No to very little

numerous pedestrian walkways Pedestrian paths are not well designed

indoor courtyards little Only certain buildings

Position:


The overall urban planning is not effective at macro scale because:

1. It does not fully meet the objectives of the design intention

2. The planning is not interacting with local social culture/ social activities

3. The circulation planning has not consider the macro environment

4. The functions and activities proposed were not considered for all classes of the local people

5. There is no sufficient public realm or landscape as proposed

6. Façade design is not users responsive

7. Planning lack of cultural identity – not local friendly

Thank You !


1. http://www.kisho.co.jp/page/3.html2. https://www.google.com.my/maps/place/KL+Sentral+Station/3. http://www.nstp.com.my/4. http://hlarchitecture.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/NuSentral_05.jpg5. http://www.iproperty.com.my/propertylisting/2144586/kuala-lumpur-sentral-office-forrent6. http://forum.skyscraperpage.com/showthread.php?t=194064 7. http://podsbackpacker.com/?page_id=638. http://awol.junkee.com/the-stopover-how-to-spend-24-amazing-hours-in-kuala-lumpur/85649. http://www.lcct.com.my/others/places/kl-sentral-station10. http://ir.chartnexus.com/mrcb/docs/note/MRCB%20-%20v11.pdf11. http://awol.junkee.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/2254957888_fce54b1ae5_b.jpg

Reference

Tales of 3 cities (KL Sentral)

Education

Transcript of Tales of 3 cities (KL Sentral)