TAKS Vocab Review 1-Sided
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Transcript of TAKS Vocab Review 1-Sided
8/7/2019 TAKS Vocab Review 1-Sided
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Political Issues
Issues related togovernment, conflict
resolution and decision-making for a group of
people.
Economic Issues
Issues related to money,taxes, and production of
goods and services.
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Social Issues
Issues related to culture,work, lifestyle…
Domestic
Having to do with one’sown homeland (U.S)
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International
Involving other countries
Era
A historic periodidentified by someprominent figure or
characteristic
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Grievances
complaints
Consent of theGoverned Idea that people give
government its powerthrough the “…just
consent of thegoverned” as stated in
the Declaration
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(Naval) Blockade
To cut off supplies; a
military and economictool used to force anation or area to suffer
shortages and to give upfighting; called navalwhen ships are used
Great Britain(England) The “mother country” for
the 13 colonies; countrywe fought against for the
independence of the
United States.
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Republic
A government thatelects its leaders
RepresentativeDemocracy
Government that votes
for representatives whoserve in the governmentto make and enforce lawand in the best interestof the people; the U.S.has a representative
democracy; anotherterm used forrepresentative
democracy is republic.
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Culture (groups)
Way of life and thegroup(s) that live and
represent that way of life
Demographic dataStatistics about the
numbers andcharacteristics of people
living in an area
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Levels of
Development Refers to the amountand quality of economicand industrial resources,often related to national
income.
Standard of Living Use indicators such asincome, education, birthrate/death rate, $ spent
on food, populationdensity, and so on to
determine quality of life.
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NationCountry with bordersand an organized
government which freelyexercises authoritywithin the borders.
DistributionRelates to trade andhow resources and
products are divided andallocated.
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Command economicsystem
Central governmental
owns most of the meansof production in a
country and controlsmost economic
decisions.
Free enterpriseSystem
The system in the U.S.and other free marketeconomies. It includes
economic choice,competition, profitmotive, and limited
government regulationof the economy.
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Basic needs
Food, clothing, shelter(water is food).
Goods and servicesGoods (things) areproducts made for
sale/barter and services(actions) are products
people provide.
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Subsistenceagriculture
Growing crops just tosupport a family and nothave any extra (surplus)
for sale.
Market – orientedagriculture
Growing crops forcommercial sale and
distribution to domestic
and international buyers.
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CapitalGoods used to produce
other goods
Cottage industries Small-scale productionrequiring little capital
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Commercial industries
Large-scale productionof goods by large
companies or
corporations
Industrialization
The process of creatingcommercial industry
including heavy industry
such as steel
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Trade
Exchange of goods andservices
Technologicalinnovations
The introduction of newtechnology which oftenchanges lifestyle and
production.
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Tariff/Duty
Tax on imports andexports; in the U.S.
export tariffs areunconstitutional.
Import
Goods bought fromsellers in other
countries.
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Protective Tariff
A high tariff establishedto protect a particular
industry.
Export
Goods sold to buyersoutside the country
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Xenophobia
a growing fear in theU.S. of “foreigners” ledto the rise of such
organizations as theKKK.
FederalismThe distribution of power
between the federal(central or national)government and the
individual states within aunion
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LimitedGovernment
In this type of governmenteveryone, including all
authority figures, mustobey laws. Constitutions,
statements of rights, orother laws define the limitsof those in power so theycannot take advantage of
the elected, appointed, orinherited positions.
Checks and BalancesA system that allows eachbranch of government tolimit the powers of the
other branches in order to
prevent abuse of power
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Individual Rights
These are protected by theBill of Rights and include
economic rights related toproperty, political rightsrelated to freedom of
speech and press, andpersonal rights related to
bearing arms and
maintaining privateresidences.
Landmark caseKey decisions by the
courts that interpret thelaw such as Brown v
Board of Education whichled to integration or
Marbury v Madison whichled to judicial review.
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Popular SovereigntyThe concept that political
power rests with thepeople who can create,
alter, and abolishgovernment. Peopleexpress themselves
through voting and freeparticipation in
government.
Protective Tariff
A tax on an importedproduct instituted to
protect local industries
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RepresentativeGovernment Power is held by thepeople and exercisedthrough the efforts of
representatives elected bythe people.
Republicanism
John Locke
A philosophy of limitedgovernment with elected
representatives serving atthe will of the people.
Government is based onconsent of the governed.
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Separation ofPowers The division of a central
government into two ormore branches, each
having its ownresponsibilities and
authorities.
Unalienable RightsThese rights are
fundamental or naturalrights guaranteed to
people naturally instead ofby the law. They include
life, liberty, and the pursuitof happiness.
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Free Enterprise
System
An economic system inwhich individuals dependon supply and demand
and the profit margin todetermine what to
produce, how to producehow much to produce, andfor whom to produce. The
quest for improvement
financially and materiallymotivates consumers andproducers.
1787
Between May 25 andSeptember 17 of this year,
delegates gathered inPhiladelphia to revise theArticles of Confederation.
Instead they drafted,
debated, compromised,and finally approved for
ratification the Constitutionof the United States.
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Issues Causing theRevolution
“No taxation withoutrepresentation”; colonialprotests against British
policies and taxes; Battlesat Lexington/Concord.
1861-1865The American Civil Warwas fought during theseyears. It began with thefiring on Fort Sumter and
ended with the
Confederate surrender atAppomattox Court Housealmost four years later.
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Articles of
Confederation
This document, thenation’s first constitution,
was adopted by theSecond Continental
Congress in 1781 duringthe Revolution. The
document was limitedbecause states held most
of the power to tax,
regulate trade, or controlcoinage.
Bill of Rights
The first ten amendmentsto the Constitution(ratified in 1791)
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Declaration ofIndependence
This document wasadopted the Second
Continental Congress onJuly 4, 1776. It
established the 13colonies as independentstates, free from rule byGreat Britain. Thomas
Jefferson wrote themajority of this document.
English Bill ofRights
King William and QueenMary accepted this
document in 1689. Itguaranteed certain rights toEnglish citizens and
declared that elections forParliament would happenfrequently. By accepting
this document, theysupported a limited
monarchy, a system inwhich they shared their
power with Parliament andthe people.
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Federalist
those favoring ratificationof the Constitution and the
federalists form ofgovernment
Anti- Federaliststhose opposed to the
Constitution because theyfeared the power of the
national government in the
new federal system
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Founding Fathers
This term applies to thoseindividuals who played a
major role in declaringU.S. independence,
fighting Revolutionary War,or writing and adopting the
U.S. Constitution. Theyinclude Thomas Jefferson,
George Washington, andJames Madison.
States Rights
Based on a broad interpretation ofthe 10th Amendment, States’ Rights
was the idea that states had the rightto control all issues/laws in their statenot specifically given to the federal
government by the specific words ofthe Constitution. It was used by
(mostly) Southern states to arguethat they had the right to nullify
(ignore) federal laws they did notagree with.
States’ rights became a leadingcause of the Civil War as Southernstates seceded (withdrew) from the
United States and formed theConfederate States of America in
1861.
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16th AmendmentCreates the Federal
Income Tax provisions.This was an amendmentstrongly supported by the Progressive Reformers.
17th
AmendmentProvides for direct election
of Senators, anotheramendment supported by
the Progressives.
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Magna CartaThis document, signed by
King John of England in1215, is the cornerstone ofEnglish justice and law. It
declared that the king andgovernment were bound by
the same laws as othercitizens of England. It
contained the antecedents ofthe ideas of due process andthe right to a fair and speedytrial that are included in the
protection offered by the U.S.Bill of Rights.
15th
Amendment
This amendment grantedblack men the right to vote.
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13th
Amendment
This amendment freed allslaves without
compensation to theslaveowners. It legallyforbade slavery in the
United States.
14th AmendmentThis amendment declared
that all persons born ornaturalized in the United
States were entitled equalrights regardless of their
race, and that their rightswere protected at both thestate and national levels.