TAKS Vocab Review 2-Sided
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Transcript of TAKS Vocab Review 2-Sided
8/7/2019 TAKS Vocab Review 2-Sided
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Political IssuesSocial Issues
Economic IssuesDomestic
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Issues related to culture,work, lifestyle…
Issues related togovernment, conflict
resolution and decision-making for a group of
people.
Having to do with one’sown homeland (U.S)
Issues related to money,taxes, and production of
goods and services.
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People who settle andlive in a colony
Related words:colony, colonial, settler,
settlement
Involving other countries
Gov’t process ofcharging a fee on goodsproducts, people and/or
activities.
A historic periodidentified by someprominent figure or
characteristic
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To cut off supplies; a
military and economictool used to force anation or area to suffer
shortages and to give upfighting; called navalwhen ships are used
complaints
The “mother country” forthe 13 colonies; countrywe fought against for the
independence of the
United States.
Idea that people givegovernment its power
through the “…justconsent of the
governed” as stated in
the Declaration
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Republic Culture (groups)
RepresentativeDemocracy
Demographic data
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Way of life and thegroup(s) that live and
represent that way of life
A government thatelects its leaders
Statistics about thenumbers and
characteristics of peopleliving in an area
Government that votes
for representatives whoserve in the governmentto make and enforce lawand in the best interestof the people; the U.S.has a representative
democracy; anotherterm used forrepresentative
democracy is republic.
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Levels of
DevelopmentNation
Standard of Living Distribution
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Country with bordersand an organizedgovernment which freely
exercises authoritywithin the borders.
Refers to the amountand quality of economicand industrial resources,often related to national
income.
Relates to trade andhow resources and
products are divided andallocated.
Use indicators such asincome, education, birthrate/death rate, $ spent
on food, populationdensity, and so on to
determine quality of life.
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Command economicsystem
Basic needs
Free enterpriseSystem
Goods and services
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Food, clothing, shelter(water is food).
Central governmentalowns most of the means of
production in a countryand controls most
economic decisions.
Goods (things) areproducts made for
sale/barter and services(actions) are products
people provide.
The system in the U.S.and other free marketeconomies. It includes
economic choice,competition, profit motive,
and limited governmentregulation of the economy.
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Subsistenceagriculture
Capital
Market – orientedagriculture
Cottage industries
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Goods used to produceother goods
Growing crops just tosupport a family and nothave any extra (surplus)
for sale.
Small-scale productionrequiring little capital
Growing crops forcommercial sale and
distribution to domestic
and international buyers.
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Commercial industries
Trade
Industrialization
Technologicalinnovations
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Exchange of goods andservices
Large-scale productionof goods by large
companies or
corporations
The introduction of newtechnology which oftenchanges lifestyle and
production.
The process of creatingcommercial industry
including heavy industry
such as steel
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Tariff/Duty
Protective Tariff
Import Export
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A high tariff establishedto protect a particular
industry.
Tax on imports andexports; in the U.S.
export tariffs areunconstitutional.
Goods sold to buyersoutside the country
Goods bought fromsellers in other
countries.
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Xenophobia
LimitedGovernment
Federalism
Checks and Balances
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In this type of governmenteveryone, including all
authority figures, mustobey laws. Constitutions,
statements of rights, orother laws define the limitsof those in power so theycannot take advantage of
the elected, appointed, orinherited positions.
a growing fear in theU.S. of “foreigners” ledto the rise of such
organizations as theKKK.
A system that allows eachbranch of government tolimit the powers of the
other branches in order to
prevent abuse of power
The distribution of powerbetween the federal(central or national)government and the
individual states within aunion
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Individual Rights Popular Sovereignty
Landmark caseProtective Tariff
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The concept that politicalpower rests with the
people who can create,alter, and abolish
government. Peopleexpress themselves
through voting and freeparticipation in
government.
These are protected by theBill of Rights and include
economic rights related toproperty, political rightsrelated to freedom of
speech and press, andpersonal rights related to
bearing arms and
maintaining privateresidences.
A tax on an importedproduct instituted to
protect local industries
Key decisions by thecourts that interpret the
law such as Brown v Board of Education which
led to integration or
Marbury v Madison whichled to judicial review.
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RepresentativeGovernment
Separation ofPowers
Republicanism
John Locke
Unalienable Rights
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The division of a centralgovernment into two ormore branches, each
having its ownresponsibilities and
authorities.
Power is held by thepeople and exercisedthrough the efforts of
representatives elected bythe people.
These rights arefundamental or natural
rights guaranteed topeople naturally instead ofby the law. They include
life, liberty, and the pursuitof happiness.
A philosophy of limitedgovernment with elected
representatives serving atthe will of the people.
Government is based onconsent of the governed.
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Free Enterprise
System
Issues Causing theRevolution
1787 1861-1865
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“No taxation withoutrepresentation”; colonialprotests against British
policies and taxes; Battlesat Lexington/Concord.
An economic system inwhich individuals dependon supply and demand
and the profit margin todetermine what to
produce, how to producehow much to produce, andfor whom to produce. The
quest for improvement
financially and materiallymotivates consumers andproducers.
The American Civil Warwas fought during theseyears. It began with thefiring on Fort Sumter and
ended with the
Confederate surrender atAppomattox Court Housealmost four years later.
Between May 25 andSeptember 17 of this year, delegates gathered in
Philadelphia to revise theArticles of Confederation.
Instead they drafted,
debated, compromised,and finally approved forratification the Constitution
of the United States.
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Articles of
Confederation
Declaration ofIndependence
Bill of Rights English Bill ofRights
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This document wasadopted the Second
Continental Congress onJuly 4, 1776. It
established the 13colonies as independentstates, free from rule byGreat Britain. Thomas
Jefferson wrote themajority of this document.
This document, thenation’s first constitution,
was adopted by theSecond Continental
Congress in 1781 duringthe Revolution. The
document was limitedbecause states held most
of the power to tax,
regulate trade, or controlcoinage.
King William and QueenMary accepted this
document in 1689. Itguaranteed certain rights toEnglish citizens and
declared that elections forParliament would happenfrequently. By accepting
this document, theysupported a limited
monarchy, a system inwhich they shared their
power with Parliament andthe people.
The first ten amendmentsto the Constitution(ratified in 1791)
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Federalist Founding Fathers
Anti- FederalistsStates Rights
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This term applies to thoseindividuals who played a
major role in declaringU.S. independence,
fighting Revolutionary War,or writing and adopting the
U.S. Constitution. Theyinclude Thomas Jefferson,
George Washington, andJames Madison.
those favoring ratificationof the Constitution and the
federalists form ofgovernment
Based on a broad interpretation ofthe 10th Amendment, States’ Rights
was the idea that states had the rightto control all issues/laws in their statenot specifically given to the federal
government by the specific words ofthe Constitution. It was used by
(mostly) Southern states to arguethat they had the right to nullify
(ignore) federal laws they did notagree with.
States’ rights became a leadingcause of the Civil War as Southernstates seceded (withdrew) from the
United States and formed theConfederate States of America in
1861.
those opposed to theConstitution because they
feared the power of thenational government in the
new federal system
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16th Amendment
Magna Carta
17th
Amendment15
thAmendment
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This document, signed byKing John of England in
1215, is the cornerstone ofEnglish justice and law. It
declared that the king andgovernment were bound by
the same laws as othercitizens of England. It
contained the antecedents ofthe ideas of due process andthe right to a fair and speedytrial that are included in the
protection offered by the U.S.Bill of Rights.
Creates the FederalIncome Tax provisions.
This was an amendmentstrongly supported by theProgressive Reformers.
This amendment grantedblack men the right to vote.
Provides for direct electionof Senators, another
amendment supported by
the Progressives.
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13th
Amendment
14
th
Amendment
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This amendment declared
that all persons born ornaturalized in the United
States were entitled equalrights regardless of theirrace, and that their rightswere protected at both the
state and national levels.
This amendment freed allslaves without
compensation to the slaveowners. It legally forbade
slavery in the UnitedStates.