Spanish grammar book 2
Transcript of Spanish grammar book 2
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Spanish Grammar Book
Delmiro Trogstad
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D •description
O •origin
C •characteristics
T •time
O •occupation
R •relationship
P •possession
E •event
D •date
SER
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H • HEALTH
E • EMOTION
L • LOCATION
P • PRESENT CONDITION
I • -ar: ando
N • -er: vendo
G • -ir: iendo
ESTAR
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SPAK VERBS
ser
ir
da
r
ve
r
hacer
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PRETERITE
• Actions completed• Beginning or end of past action• Snapshot• Narrate series of past actions or events• Specific events
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IMPERFECT
• No reference to beginning or end• Hibitual past actions and events• Movie• Describe physical & emotional states or
characteristics• Time, weather, location
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Preterite/Imperfect Cont.
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CUCARACHA VERBS• Andar- aduv• Estar- estuv• Poder- pud• Poner- pus• Querer- quis• Saber- sup• Tener- tuv• Venir- vin• Conducir- conduj• Producir- produj• Traducir- traduj• Decir- dij• Traer- traj
ENDINGS
-e
-iste
-o
-imos
-isteis
-ieron
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Triggers del preterite
• Ayer• Anoche
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Triggers son los imperfectos
• Hasta que• Cuando• Ojalá
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Irregular Preteriteverb Preterite: action
conocer Conocí a mi mejor amigo en 1980
pensar De repente yo pensé que él era inocente
poder Pude dormir a pesar del ruido de la fiesta
No querer
Me invitó al teatra pero no quise ir
querer El vendedor quiso venderme seguros
saber Elvira supo que Jaime estaba enfermo
tener Tuve un accidente
Tener que
Tuve que ir a la oficina
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Irregular Imperfectverb Imperfect: ongoing action
conocer Conocía a mi mejor amigo en 1985
pensar Yo pensaba que él era inocente
poder Podía hacerlo pero no tuve ganas
No querer Me invitó al teatro pero no quería ir
querer El vendedor quería venderme seguros
saber Elvira sabía, que Jaime estaba enfermo
tener Tenía varios amigos
Tener que Tenía que ir a la oficina
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VERBS LIKE GUSTAR
Aburrir, encantar, faltar, fascinar, importar, interesar, molestar, quedar, caenbien/mal, doler, disgustar, hacer, falta, preocupar, sorprender, apetecer.
• When gustar is follwed by one or more verbs in the infinitive, the singular form of gustar is always used
• Gustar is often used in the conditional to soften a request
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Snake Verbs• Only changes in 3rd
person• e>i: pedir, preferir, competir, repetir, servir, sentir,
venir• o>u: dormir and morir
Snakey Verbs• Only changes in 3rd
person• i>y: oir• e>y: leer, creer
Irregular Preterites
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CAR, GAR, ZAR VARBS
CAR GAR ZAR-qué -camos -gué -gamos -cé -zamos
-caste -casteís -gaste -gasteís -zaste -zasteís
-có -caron -gó -garon -zó -zaron
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DEOMNSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES
• always agree in gender and number with the noun they modify
• always come in front of the noun they modifySINGULAR•Este/Esta (this)•Ese/Esa (that)•Aquel/Aquella (that over there)
PLURAL•Estos/Estas (these)•Eses/Esas (those)•Aquellos/Aquellas (those over there)
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Demonstrative Pronounslo, la, los, y las
•Attach to end of infinitive
•Place in front of conjugated verb
ir + infinitive phrases
•Attach to end of –ing verb and add accent to the 3rd to last syllable vowel
Estar + -ing verb
phrases
•affirmative commands: it is attached to end of command with an accent on first syllable vowel
•negative commands: it comes after “no”, before the command
Formal commands
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COMPARATIVOS Y SUPERLATIVOS
• La casa es grande– El granero es más grande que la casa– El castillo es el más grande de todos
• …más…que… (er)• …la/el más…de… (est)
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CONTINUED…
• BUENO- mejor• MALO- peor• VIEJO- mayor• JOVEN- menor• TAN… como
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CONNECTING WORDS
• Aunque- even though• También- also• Mientras- while• A pesar de- in spite of• Pero- but• Por lo todo- therefore• Sin embargo/no obstante- nevertheless
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EL FUTURO
• Yo- infinitive + é• Tu- infinitive + ás• Él/ella/usted- infinitive + á• Nosotros- infinitive + emos• Vosotros- infinitive + éis• Ustedes/ellos/ellas- infinitive + án
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EL FUTURO IRREGULARS
• Decir- dir• Hacer- har• Poner- pondr• Salir- saldr• Tener- tendr• Valer- valdr• Venir- vendr
• Poder- podr• Querer- querr• Saber- sabr• Caber- cabr• Haber- habr
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POR
• Passing through• General rather than specific location• How long something lasts• The cause of something• An exchange• Doing something in place of or instead of
someone else• A means of transportation
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PARA
• For whom something is done• Destination• The purpose for which something is done• To express an opinion• To contrast or compare• To express idea of deadline