Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu
-
Upload
forest-trees-and-agroforestry-component-3-landscape-management -
Category
Documents
-
view
174 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu
![Page 1: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Forest Transition in Mekong River Basin:
State-led or Smallholder-driven?
Jianchu XU, Principle Ecologist
World Agroforestry Centre
![Page 2: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Forest in Mekong Region (1990-2010)
8 million ha Net forest loss
12.7 million ha Natural forest lost
4.7 million ha Plantation (tree crops)
Source: FAO 2010
![Page 3: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Existing land cover products for the Mekong River Basin
Slide 3
GlobCover 2009 MODIS land cover 2011
Global map products
No regional specific classes
Less appropriate for local/basin scale land cover analyses
![Page 4: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Definition of physiographic homogenous subregions
Slide 4
Elevation SRTM DEM
Precipitation WorldClim
Land Cover MODIS Land Cover
6 Physiographic Homogenous Subregions
+ + Segmentation
![Page 5: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Biophysical Profile
![Page 6: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
I. Tibetan Plateau
![Page 7: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Changes
2011-2075
• Alpine grasslands 23%---9.5% (decreasing)
• Shrublands 11%---29% (increasing)
Zhao et al. 2011. Reg Environ Change 11(4): 905-915
![Page 8: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
II. Greater-Rivers: Lancang in Yunnan
![Page 9: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
III. Xishuangbanna and Mekong Highland
![Page 10: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
IV. Mekong Lowland
![Page 11: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
V. Intensive Cultivation
![Page 12: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
VI. Tonle Sap/Mekong Delta
Tonle Sap Lake
Mekong Delta
![Page 13: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Mangrove in Mekong Delta
Vo et al., 2013. Remote Sens 5:183-201
![Page 14: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
What drives forest transition?
![Page 16: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
What does global change mean for forest ecosystem?
Land use/cover change
Source: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Climate Change 25~30%
water
temperature
+emission
—sequestration
![Page 17: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
What are roles of states?
![Page 18: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
1950s
1980s
1970s
1960s
2000
1990s
2010
2020
“Great Leap Forward”
Food Self-Sufficiency
“Wasteland auction” in 1994
Establishing Natural Reserves in 1981
De-collectivization in 1978
Forestland Three Fixing in 1982
Peri-Urbanization
Logging ban in 1998
Grain for green in 1999
Collective Forest Tenure Reform in 2006
Climate change mitigation
Township/village enterprise
Collective period: Food First
Economic booming, env. Degradation &
Emerging forest rights
State payment for env. service
Urbanization
Time Triggers Scenarios
Chinese Policy Narratives
2006 Secured Forest Rights
![Page 19: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Does market drive forest transition?
![Page 20: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Kunming-Bangkok Highway
![Page 21: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Transboundary resource flows
• Water • Fish & wildlife • Timber • Energy • Can be natural, disrupted
or ‘assisted’ – Disruption of fish
migration by hydropower dams
– Illegal trade in wildlife or timber
21
![Page 22: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
10
15
20
25
Nat
iona
l for
est
cove
r (%
)
GreatLeap
Forward
HouseholdResponsibility
SystemYangtze
Flood 2009Goal:23%
Goal:26%
1958 1981 1998 2009 2020 2050
Sources: Zhang (1949); Forestry Surveys (1976-2009); Forestry Ministry (2020, 2050)
Forest cover change in China
Goal reached: 20% by 2010
Turning point in 1981: 12% forest cover
![Page 23: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Greater Rivers in NW Yunnan: alpine forest
![Page 24: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Policy and climate interplay
![Page 26: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Priced mushroom as
agent for forest
transition:
Vegetation/fungal
succession
![Page 27: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Xishuangbanna, Upper Mekong
![Page 29: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
From shifting cultivator from smallholder rubber farmers
87,000 ha 153,000 ha 424,000 ha (18.3%)
Nature Reserve: 242,000 ha, 12.6%
Xu et al. 2013 Ecological Indicators http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.08.023
![Page 30: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Respondent reported main livelihood activity
![Page 31: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Sharing/Sparing
More protected areas?
More agroforestry?
![Page 32: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Forest transition pathways in Yunnan
→ State-initiated forest programs
o Regulative, top-down reforestation (NFPP)
o Incentive-based afforestation (SLCP)
→ More recently, voluntary planting of cash trees
o Increasing market-orientation of small farmers
o Little government support, in part driven by companies
![Page 33: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Key Lessons
1. The forest transition in Yunnan was set off by
government policies.
2. Plantation forests or tree crops contribute largest
share to forest increase.
3. Increasing tree cover might have little
contribution to environmental services
particularly watershed function and biodiversity
4. Endogenous socioeconomic dynamics become
increasingly pertinent for land use transitions.
![Page 34: Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Forest transition in Mekong_ by Xu Jianchu](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060117/558622b7d8b42a8d428b5309/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
CIFOR-ICRAF Mekong Sentinel Landscape
Pay attention to forest transition in Yunnan (Greater Rivers) and Mekong highlands!