A. A

B. B

C. C

In which of the colonies do you feel would be the best place to live?

A. The New England Colonies

B. The Middle Colonies

C. The Southern Colonies

0% 0%0%

Chapter 4 Growth of the Thirteen Colonies (1607-1770)

Section 1 Life in the Colonies

Chapter Time Line

Chapter Time Line

How did geography affect the economic development of the three colonial regions?

The Colonial Regions• Were very different• Were as different as “fire and

water”• Still they continued to grow• 1700- 250,000 • 1770’s- 2,500,000• African Americans- 28,000 to

more than 500,000• Immigration increased• Most lived in cities• New York, Philadelphia,

Charles Town, Savannah, and Newport

• Freedom of worship was allowed here

New England Colonies• Most people lived in well

organized towns• Meetinghouse- church and

town meetings• Citizen army trained• Farms were smaller• New England had a poor

growing season and rocky soil

• Farmers practiced subsistence farmingsubsistence farming

• Just enough to meet their families needs

• Most Northern farmers reliedrelied on their children for labor

Commerce in New England• Commerce= trade• Many small businesses• Water ran mills for grinding

grain or sawing lumber• Women made cloth,

garments, candles, and soap for their families

• Sometimes to sell• Large towns attracted skilled

craftspeople• Blacksmiths, shoemakers,

furniture makers, gunsmiths, metalsmiths, and printers

• Shipbuilding was important• Fishing and whaling was very

important

Colonial Trade• Northern coastal cities were

the centers of trade• Linked Northern Colonies

with Southern Colonies• Also linked to other parts of

the world• New England ships traded

with the West Indies and across the Atlantic Ocean

• Followed different trading routes

• England and back• Triangular tradeTriangular trade• Example: Rum to Africa• Slavery was very common in

the West Indies

A. A

B. B

C. C

Which part of the coast was the center of the shipping trade?

A. Southern coastal cities

B. Northern coastal cities

C. Coastal cities on the Gulf of Mexico

0% 0%0%

The Middle Passage• Enslaved Africans first went to a

European Fort on the West African coast

• Tied together with ropes around their necks and hands

• Branded• Forced on a ship• Trip across Atlantic is called the

Middle PassageMiddle Passage• A young African Olaudah

Equiano described his journey:• “So crowded that each had

scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us…”

• Chained together for more than a month

More Middle Passage• Could hardly sit or stand• Given little food or water• Africans that died or

became sick were thrown overboard

• Those that refused to eat were whipped

• When they reached American ports they went to the slave market

• Examined and prodded• Sold as laborers• Between the 1400s and

mid 1800s about 12 million were forcibly transported to the Americas

The Middle Colonies• Better soil and growing

season than New England• Farms produced bigger

harvests• Grew wheat and other

cash cropscash crops• New York and Philadelphia

sold these crops and became busy ports

• NY- 18,000 people Phily- 24,000 largest cities in the colonies

A. A

B. B

C. C

Which two cities were the largest in the American colonies by 1760?

A. New York and Philadelphia

B. Charles Town and Savannah

C. Newport and Cambridge

0% 0%0%

Industries in the Middle Colonies• Some home based- carpentry

and flour making• Others larger- lumbering,

mining, and small scale manufacturing

• Iron mills• Many were German

immigrants• 100,000 Germans came to

America during the colonial era• Most in Pennsylvania• Great diversity in the Middle

Colonies• Germans, Dutch, Swedish,

and other non-English

The Southern Colonies and Slavery• Good growing season and

soil• Most settlers made their

living from farming• Little commerce or

industry• Tobacco was the

principalprincipal cash crop of Maryland and Virginia

• Most sold in Europe• Planters tried to use

indentured servants• Too expensive and scarce• Began using enslaved

Africans

Tobacco and Slavery

• Slaveholders grew wealthy from tobacco

• SurplusSurplus sometimes made prices fall

• This caused some farmers to grow other crops (corn and wheat)

South Carolina and Georgia• Main cash crop was rice• Created rice fields called

paddies• Work was very hard• Standing knee deep in

mud all day• Blazing sun• Biting insects• Relied on slave labor• Rice was even more

profitable that tobacco• Rice became popular in

Europe and price rose

Tidewater• Most Southern plantations

were located on the TidewaterTidewater

• Flat, low-lying plains along the seacoast

• Located on rivers so they could take crops to market by boats

• Each plantation was a self-contained community

• Planter’s wife supervised the house and house servants

• Plantation included slave cabins, barns, and stables

• Also blacksmith shops, storerooms, and kitchens

• Maybe even a chapel and school

BackcountryBackcountry• Toward the Appalachian

Mountains• Small farms- grew tobacco

and corn• Worked alone or with their

families• May have 1 or 2 slaves• Small farmers

outnumbered the plantation owners

• Plantation owners were very wealthy and had more influence

• Plantation owners controlled economic and political life in the region

Slavery• Most slaves lived on plantations• Most worked in fields and suffered

great cruelty• OverseersOverseers kept slaves working

hard• 1705- Virginia created slave codesslave codes• Strict rules that governed the

behavior and punishments of slaves• Couldn’t leave plantations without

written permission• Could not meet in large groups• Allowed whipping slaves• For serious crimes, owners could

hang or burn to death the slave• Slaves that ran away were

punished severely

African Traditions• Enslaved African

families were torn apart

• Turned to African roots

• Some learned trades- carpentry, blacksmithing, or weaving

• Some were able to buy their freedom

Criticism of Slavery• Most white

Southerners were NOT slaveholders

• Some did not believe in slavery

• Less support in Northern colonies

• Puritans refused to own slaves

• Quakers condemned slavery

How did geography affect the economic development of the three colonial regions?

-New England: Harsh Climate and rocky soil led to subsistence farming; coastal location led to shipbuilding and other industries, fishing, and trade

-Middle Colonies: fertile soil and milder climate led to larger farms and cash crops; availability of natural resources led to small-scale manufacturing, lumbering, and mining; good ports allowed trade.

- Southern Colonies: Rich soil and warm climate led to large farms, cash crops, the development of the plantation system, and an economy based on slavery.

Chapter 4 Section 1 Quiz

Which of the following means producing just enough to meet the families' needs, with

little left over to sell or exchange?

har

vest

ing

subsi

sten

ce fa

rmin

g

cas

h cro

p

Tid

ewat

er fa

rmin

g

25% 25%25%25%A. harvesting

B. subsistence farming

C. cash crop

D. Tidewater farming

The most inhumane aspect of the triangular trade was the

South

ern R

oute

.

mer

chan

t tra

de ro

ute.

Mid

dle P

assa

ge.

fish

ing tr

ade.

25% 25%25%25%A. Southern Route.

B. merchant trade route.

C. Middle Passage.

D. fishing trade.

Where were most of the large Southern plantations located?

bac

kcou

ntry

Tid

ewat

er

coas

tal a

reas

flat

land

s

25% 25%25%25%A. backcountry

B. Tidewater

C. coastal areas

D. flatlands

The plantation bosses who kept the enslaved Africans working hard were called

ove

rsee

rs.

sla

vehold

ers.

em

ploye

rs.

super

viso

rs.

25% 25%25%25%A. overseers.

B. slaveholders.

C. employers.

D. supervisors.

Which group controlled the economic and political life of the Southern Colonies?

mer

chan

ts

teac

hers

farm

ers

pla

ntat

ion o

wners

25% 25%25%25%A. merchants

B. teachers

C. farmers

D. plantation owners

Participant Scores

0 Participant 1

0 Participant 2

0 Participant 3

0 Participant 4

0 Participant 5

Team Scores

0 Team 1

0 Team 2

0 Team 3

0 Team 4

0 Team 5